Hakim
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📈 Analytical overview of Telegram channel Hakim
Channel Hakim (@hakimethio) in the Amharic language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 63 485 subscribers, ranking 219 in the Medicine category and 515 in the Ethiopia region.
📊 Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on невідомо, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 63 485 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 04 October, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by 394 over the last 30 days and by 13 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 9.04%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 6.47% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 5 737 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 4 107 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 27.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as patient, ethiopia, disease, ነው።, medicine.
📝 Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
“Ethiopian blend of Medicine, History and Humor.”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 05 October, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Medicine category.
63 485
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+1324 hours
+2167 days
+39430 days
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| Date | Subscriber Growth | Mentions | Channels | |
| 05 October | +19 | |||
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| 03 October | +9 | |||
| 02 October | +55 | |||
| 01 October | +18 |
Channel Posts
+3
የጥርስ ሳሙናና በውስጡ የያዛቸው ጥቅሞች
እጅ እና ገላችን ሲያድፍ በሳሙና አፋችን ተመግበን የምግብ ቅሪት በጥርሶች መካከል አርፎ ጥርስን ከመቦርቦር ባለፈ ከመጥፎ አፍ ጠረን በተጨማሪ ለተለያዩ ኢንፌክሽኖች አፍ ውስጥ የቀረውን ምግብ በመመገብ በሚራቡ እና ጎጂ ተረፈ ምርት በሚለቁ ባክቴሪያዎች አማካኝነት ሊከሰት ይችላል።
የጠቀስናቸው ችግሮች ችግር ሁነው አልቀሩም ሳይንስ የራሱን መፍትሔ አምጥቷል እሱም የጥርስ ሳሙና ይባላል።
የጥርስ ሳሙና ምንድነው ብዬ ጥያቄ ባነሳ ሁላችሁም ሳትሳሳቱ የምትመልሱት መልስ ስለሆነ የጥርስ ሳሙና በውስጡ ምን ምንን ይዘቶችን አካቶ የያዘ ነው ብዬ ብጠይቅ የተሻለ ነው።
የጥርስ ሳሙና በውስጡ በያዛቸው ይዘቶች ብዙ ጥቅሞችን የሚሰጠን ሳሙና ሲሆን የይዘቶችን ዝርዝር ከነ ጥቅማቸው ለማየት ስናይ
1ኛ. Sweetening agent (ጥሩ ጣዕም ሰጪ ይዘት) ለጥርስ ሳሙና ጥሩ የተባለ ጣዕም ስለሚሰጠው ተጠቃሚው ጥርስ ሳሙና ሳይመረው ለመጠቀም የተመቸ ነው።
2ኛ. Flavoring agent (ለጥርስ ሳሙና ጥሩ መዓዛ ሰጪ ይዘት) የጥርስ ሳሙና ጥሩ መዓዛ ኑሮት ሳንሰለቸው እንድንጠቀመው ብሎም ደግሞ በመጠኑም ቢሆን የሚከሰቱ የአፍ ጠረኖችን ለማስወገድ የሚያግዘን አንዱ ይዘቱ ነው።
3ኛ. Antibacterial Agent (ባክቴሪያን ገዳይ ይዘት) ይህም አፍ ውስጥ የሚኖሩ ጎጂ ባክቴሪያዎችን በመግደል ለኢንፌክሽንና ለጥርስ የመቦርቦር ተጋላጭነት እጅጉ ይቀንሳል
4. Zinc & Pyro phosphate system (የልማም እና የሸሃላ ክምችትን የሚቀንስ ይዘት) ይህም ቀድሞ የተከማቸውን ሸሃላ ምንም እንኳ መቀነስ ባይችልም ነገር ግን ተጨማሪ ኮንክሪት መሳይ ሸሃላ እንዳይከማች እና ሸሃላውን ተከትለው የሚመጡ ጉዳትችን ይከላከላል።
5. Detergents (ሳሙና መሳይ ይዘት) ይህም ጥርስ ስንቦርሽ እንደ አረፋ ሁኖ የሚታየው ይዘቱ ሲሆን ይህም የታጠበውን የአፋችንን ቆሻሻ በማንሳፈፍ በቀላሉ ተፍተን እንድናስወግደው አጋዥ ይዘቱ ነው።
6. Abrasive agents (ጥቃቅን ጠጠር መሳየሰ ይዘቶች) በዓይናችን ለማየት የማንችላቸው ጥቃቅን ጠጠር መሰይ ይዘቶች ሲሆኑ እነሱም ጥርሳችን ላይ የተለጠፈ ምግብ ወይም ቆሻሻ ካለ ለማስለቀቅ ብሎም ጥርሳችንን ለማለስለስ (Polishing) የሚጠቅሙ ይዘቶች ናቸው ነገር ግን ጥርሳችንን በቀን ከሁለት ጊዜ በላይ የምንቦርሽ ከሆነ እነዚህ ጠጠር መሳይ ይዘቶች የጥርሳችንን የመስታወት ክፍል የመሸርሸር አቅም አላቸው እና በቀን ከሁለት ጊዜ በላይ ባንቦርሽ ይመከራል።
7. Remeneralizing agents (ጥቃቅን የተባሉ የጥርስ ክፍተቶችን ዘጊ ይዘት) የጥርስ ሳሙና ካለሺየም (Calcium) እና ሌሎች የተለያዩ ንጥረ ነገሮችን የያዘ ከመሆኑ ጥርሳችን ጥቃቅን ክፍተቶች ሲታዩበት የሚደፍኑ ይዘቶች ናቸው።
8. Fluoride (ፍሎራይድ) አፍ ውስጥ የሚኖሩ ባክቴሪያዎች (Oral normal floras) አፍ ውስጥ የቀረ ምግብን ተመግበው አሲድ እንዳይለቁ እና በአሲድ ምክንያት የሚመጣን የጥርስ መቦርቦር ይከላከላል።
References
Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology; 11 edition & Periodontics Revisited - Jaypee Brothers; 1 edition
መልዕክቱ ጠቃሚ ሆኖ ካገኙት ለወዳጅ ዘመድዎ ያጋሩት።
በDr. Abdilnur Shifa: Senior Dental Surgeon
@HakimEthio
| 2 |  ከሕመም በላይ ፍቅር
ፍቅሬ ሆይ፣
ዓለም ካንሰርን ቢያውቅም፣
እኔ ግን አንቺን ከሕመም በላይ አውቃለሁ።
አንቺ የተስፋ ብርሃን ነሽ፣
የልቤ ብቸኛ መድኃኒት ነሽ።
እንደ Trastuzumab ወደ HER2 receptor በትክክል እንደሚደርስ፣
ፍቅሬም ወደ ልብሽ ብቻ ይደርሳል።
እንደ Imatinib የተወሰነ ዒላማን እንደሚያጠቃ፣
እኔም ህይወቴን ለአንቺ ብቻ አድርጌያለሁ።
ALL እና AML የሚያስፈሩ ቢሆኑም፣
Cytarabine, Methotrexate, Vincristine እንደሚዋጉ፣
እኔም ከፍርሃትሽ ጋር እቆማለሁ።
Hodgkin እና Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ጥላ ቢሆኑም፣
የተስፋ ብርሃን ከጨለማው ይበልጣል።
Breast cancer ቢፈትንሽ፣
እንደ Tamoxifen የሚከላከል ብርታት፣
እንደ Trastuzumab የሚያስተካክል ተስፋ አለ።
Colon cancer በመንገድሽ ላይ ቢቆም፣
እንደ 5-FU, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan የሚተባበሩ ኃይሎች አሉ።
የመድኃኒት side effect እንደሚኖር፣
የሕይወትም ፈተና ይኖራል።
ግን እኔ እንደ ክሊኒካል ፋርማሲስት ልብሽን እከታተላለሁ፣
ህመምሽን እካፈላለሁ፣
ደስታሽን እጨምራለሁ።
ፍቅራችን እንደ መድኃኒት ነው፤
አይቋረጥም፣
አይበላሽም፣
የመጨረሻ ውጤቱም
ድል፣ ተስፋ እና ለዘላለም ፍቅር ነው።
Firaol Tilahun
- Written during my Clinical Attachment in the Cancer (Oncology) Ward, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), MSc Clinical Pharmacy Program.
@HakimEthio | 1 767 |
| 3 | ከሕመም በላይ ፍቅር
ፍቅሬ ሆይ፣
ዓለም ካንሰርን ቢያውቅም፣
እኔ ግን አንቺን ከሕመም በላይ አውቃለሁ።
አንቺ የተስፋ ብርሃን ነሽ፣
የልቤ ብቸኛ መድኃኒት ነሽ።
እንደ Trastuzumab ወደ HER2 receptor በትክክል እንደሚደርስ፣
ፍቅሬም ወደ ልብሽ ብቻ ይደርሳል።
እንደ Imatinib የተወሰነ ዒላማን እንደሚያጠቃ፣
እኔም ህይወቴን ለአንቺ ብቻ አድርጌያለሁ።
ALL እና AML የሚያስፈሩ ቢሆኑም፣
Cytarabine, Methotrexate, Vincristine እንደሚዋጉ፣
እኔም ከፍርሃትሽ ጋር እቆማለሁ።
Hodgkin እና Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ጥላ ቢሆኑም፣
የተስፋ ብርሃን ከጨለማው ይበልጣል።
Breast cancer ቢፈትንሽ፣
እንደ Tamoxifen የሚከላከል ብርታት፣
እንደ Trastuzumab የሚያስተካክል ተስፋ አለ።
Colon cancer በመንገድሽ ላይ ቢቆም፣
እንደ 5-FU, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan የሚተባበሩ ኃይሎች አሉ።
የመድኃኒት side effect እንደሚኖር፣
የሕይወትም ፈተና ይኖራል።
ግን እኔ እንደ ክሊኒካል ፋርማሲስት ልብሽን እከታተላለሁ፣
ህመምሽን እካፈላለሁ፣
ደስታሽን እጨምራለሁ።
ፍቅራችን እንደ መድኃኒት ነው፤
አይቋረጥም፣
አይበላሽም፣
የመጨረሻ ውጤቱም
ድል፣ ተስፋ እና ለዘላለም ፍቅር ነው።
Firaol Tilahun
- Written during my Clinical Attachment in the Cancer (Oncology) Ward, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), MSc Clinical Pharmacy Program.
@HakimEthio | 1 |
| 4 |  +2Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
We are pleased to share an important milestone in the development of advanced laparoscopic surgical services at New Leaf Medical Complex.
Dr. Efeson Thomas successfully performed a laparoscopic left hemicolectomy on a 73-year-old male patient who presented with intermittent abdominal pain and loss of appetite.Colonoscopy and CT imaging revealed a left-sided colonic mass. The patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomy with side-to-side stapled anastomosis.
The procedure was completed successfully using a minimally invasive approach, and the patient had a smooth postoperative recovery.
This case marks another step forward in expanding laparoscopic colorectal surgery at New Leaf Medical Complex
We congratulate Dr. Efeson Thomas and the entire multidisciplinary team on this achievement
☎️ለበለጠ መረጃ እና ቀጠሮ ለማስያዝ:
በ8565 | +251 990 46 66 66 ይደውሉ።
📍 አድራሻ:
ለቡ ሙዚቃ ሰፈር
🔗 ገፆቻችንን ይቀላቀሉ:
telegram/ TikTok/facebook/website/instagram
ኒው ሊፍ ሜዲካል ኮምፕሌክስ
እዚህ ተስፋ አለ !! | 2 786 |
| 5 |  +3ከድህረ ምረቃ ስፔሻላይዜሽን ግዜያት ጀምሮ ላለፉት ዘጠኝ ዓመታት ያስተዋልኩት ነገር ቢኖር በቁጥር ትንሽ የማይባሉ የጡት ካንሰር ታካሚዎቼን የጡት ዕባጭ ዳስሰው ያገኙላቸው ባሎቻቸው መሆናቸውን ነው።
ለባሎች በግዜያት ሂደት የመጣውን የጡት መጠን ለውጥ፣ የቅርፅ እና የቆዳ ቀለም ልዩነት በቀላሉ ለመረዳት ይቀላቸዋል ብል ማጋነን አይሆንም።
አንዱ የትዳር ጥቅሙም ይሄው ሳይሆን ይቀራል? መተያየቱ + እርስ በራስ መመራመሩ? አንዱ ያላስተዋለውን ሌላው በቀላሉ ይለየዋልና ነው።
ታድያ መጪውን የጥቅምት ወር አስመልክቶ ስለጡት ካንሰር ትንሽ ለመመካከር ያክል ነው። ለዛሬ እራስን በራስ ቤት ውስጥ በቀላሉ በእይታ እና በዳሰሳ የጡት ካንሰርን መለየት እንደምትችሉ ለማስገንዘብ እችን ምስል ይዤ ተከስቻለው። (ማየት + መዳሰስ + መመርመር)
In my years as an oncologist, I've seen one quiet benefit of a loving partnership again and again. So many women tell me, "My husband found it."
A healthy relationship brings many blessings, and an early detected breast lump can be one of them.
Do you know the simple steps of breast self-examination? They take only a few minutes at home and can help you find a lump early.
And "Early detection saves lives!" Don't take your body for granted.
Give it a regular "preventive maintenance," just as you do for your car.
Have a blessed week + October!
ወገን እያገባን እየተግባባን 😁🙌
#Pinkctober #BreastCancerAwareness #ጡትካንሰር #ካንሰር #breastcancer
Dr. Michael Shawel Lemma
Chief Clinical Oncologist
Haramaya and Jijiga Universities
@HakimEthio | 2 431 |
| 6 | KAANSARII HARMAA - Breast Cancer
Kaansariin Harmaa kaansarii seelii harmaa irraa ka'u ykn ba'u dha. Kaansariin kun gara caalu ykn hedduminaan (99%) dubartii irratti muldhata. Haa ta'u malee dhiira irrattis (1%) darbee darbee muldhachuu danda'a.
Kaansariin Harmaa kun seelii irraa ka'uufi iddo harma keessatti itti biqilu irraa ka'uun gosa garagaraa (ykn maqaa garagaras) ni qaba. Kaansariin kun maal irraa dhufuu danda' abamuu ni qabaatu.
Wontoota carraa Kaansarii Harmaatiin Qabamuu dabalan: (risk factors)
■ Akkuma jenne san dhiira caalaa dachaa hedduu dubara irratti muldhata. Kanaaf dubara ta'uun dhiira caalaa carraa kansaarii kanaan hubamuu qabu.
■ Umriin dabalaa deemu. Adadamu umriin dabalaa deemuun carraan Kansarii Harmaa horachuus ni dabala.
■ Ammaan dura harma cinaa tokko irratti Kaansarii qabaachuun carraa harma cinaa kaan irrattis qabaachuu ni dabala.
■ Sababa qaccee sanyii maatii irraa darbuun yoo maatiin (obboletti ykn haati) kaansarii kanaan qabaamtee turte ykn jiraatte carraan kaansarii kanaan qabamuu kan nama biroo irra dachaa hedduun olka'aadha. Qacceen sanyii (jiiniin) kanaaf nama saaxilan (BRCA 1 and BRCA 2) jedhamuun beekaman kun jiraachuun carraa kaansarii kanaan qabamuu olkaasu.
■ Yeroo umrii xiqqeenyaa ykn daa'imummaa qomni (chastiin) carariif (radiation) saaxilamuun.
■ Furdinna ykn ulfaatinna gar malee guddaa ta'e qabaachuun.
■ Xurii laguu ykn dugda umrii woggaa kudha lamaa gaditti arguu jalqabuun namoota kaan caalaa carraa kaansarii harmaatiin hubamu ni dabala.
■ Umriin xurii laguu ykn dugda arguu itti dhaaban dheerachuun ykn guddaa ta'uun.
■ Umrii woggaa soddomaa booda daa'ima jalqabaa argachuun namoota san dura argatan caalaa carraa kaansarii harmaatiin qabamuu ni qabu.
■ Isaan ulfayanii hin beekne kan ulfayanii beekan caalaa carraa kansarii kanan qabamuu qabu.
■ Alkoolii baay'isanii dhuguun carraa kaansarii harmaatin qabamuu ni dabala.
MALLATTOOLEE KAANSARII HARMAA (Warning signs of breast cancer) !
*Waanti akka dhiitaa jajjabaataa harma keessaa bakka takkatti yokaan guutummaa harmaa keessaatti umamuu
*Fiixeen harmaa (nipple) gara keessaatti deebi'uu (Kun dubartoota uumamumaan fiixeen harma isaanii gara keessatti liqimfamaa ta'e osoo hin taane duraan nagaha warra tureef)
*Gogaan harmaa, bakka takkan diimatee, furdatee yoo qaban harkatti jajjjabaatee, qola burtukaanaa fakkaachuu.
*Dhangala'aan aannan irraa adda ta'e harma keessaa gadi yaa'uu.
*Xannachi liimfii bobaa jalaa, kan gama dhiitaan harmaa jiru sanatti argamu jajjabaatee guddatee ba'uu
Hub: Mallattoon kun sababa biroo kanneen akka infekshinii, dhiitaa kaanserii hin taane, cyst (dhiita bishaan qofa uf keessaa qabu) fi kanneen biroon ni dhufa. Kanaaf mallattoo kana yoo ofirratti argitan, uf sodaachisuu osoo hin taane mana yaalaa deemtanii qorannoon adda baafachuudha.
Maal haa goonu? Ofeeggannoo akkamiitu barbaachisa?
● Dubartoonni torbaan torbaanin otoo sakata'iinsa harma isaanii ofii isaaniiti qaqqabuun godhatanii gaariidha. Harma qaqqabuun ilaaluun iddoon iita'ee jabaate, jajjabaate, ykn jijjirama qaama harmaa kaan irraa qabu jiraachuu isaa adda baafachu. Yoo jijjiramni addaa jiraate gara mana yaalaa deemanii ogeessa fayyaa ykn doktora isaan yaalu ykn woldhaanu wojjiin mari'achuu.
● Mallattoolee armaan olitti eeraman yoo of irratti agarte otoo yeroo hin gubin mana yaalaa deemtee adda baafachuu. Mallattooleen as gubbatti kaafne kun dhukkuboota harmaa kan birootifis ta'uu ni danda'u.
● Mallatoolee kana yoo of irratti agarre hospitaala deemnee qorannoo doktoroonni keenya nuuf ajajan fkn ultrasound, mammogram fi sumuuda kutaa harmaa iitan sun irra jiru irraa fuudhamuufi kan biroo kan ogeessi nu ajaje hojjachiifachuu
●Alkoolii baay'isanii dhuguu dhabuu/dhaabuu.
● Sochii qaamaa gochu. Torbaanitti yoo xiqqaate guyyoota shaniif daqiiqaa soddoma soddoma sochii qamaa (ispoortii akka fiigichaa, daakkaa, deemsa arifannaa fi kkf) hojjachuu.
● Nyaata keenya madaalawaa gochuu. Yeroo hedduu fuduraaf kuduraa nyaachuu. Foon, cooma, kallee, dhadhaa baay'isuu dhabuu.
¤ Sadarkaa kaansarichi irra jiru irratti hundaa'uun yaalli isaa kutaa harmaa kaansarichi itti biqile muranii/kutanii baasuu, ykn harma cinaa tokkoo guutuun gututti kaasuu/muranii kaasuu, ykn harmaafii xannachoota liimfii naannoo san jiran wolitti qabanii muranii kaasuu, ykn harma cinaa lachuu muranii kaasuus ta'uu danda'a.
Dabalataan yaalli cararii (radiation) fi qorichootaa (Chemotherapy) fi ykn yaala hormooniin godhamus barbaachisaadha. Kana irra taree kaansarichi sadarkaa kanaan yaalamuu hin dnadeenye irra yoo jiraate deeggarsi dhukkubbi woyyeessuufi dhukkubsata kunuunsu (Palliative care) kennamuu ni danda'a.
References
1. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery
2. Fayyaan faaya
Dr. Idris Hasano: General Surgeon
@HakimEthio | 3 047 |
| 7 |  +2No text... | 2 406 |
| 8 | KAANSARII HARMAA - Breast Cancer
Kaansariin Harmaa kaansarii seelii harmaa irraa ka'u ykn ba'u dha. Kaansariin kun gara caalu ykn hedduminaan (99%) dubartii irratti muldhata. Haa ta'u malee dhiira irrattis (1%) darbee darbee muldhachuu danda'a.
Kaansariin Harmaa kun seelii irraa ka'uufi iddo harma keessatti itti biqilu irraa ka'uun gosa garagaraa (ykn maqaa garagaras) ni qaba. Kaansariin kun maal irraa dhufuu danda' abamuu ni qabaatu.
Wontoota carraa Kaansarii Harmaatiin Qabamuu dabalan: (risk factors)
■ Akkuma jenne san dhiira caalaa dachaa hedduu dubara irratti muldhata. Kanaaf dubara ta'uun dhiira caalaa carraa kansaarii kanaan hubamuu qabu.
■ Umriin dabalaa deemu. Adadamu umriin dabalaa deemuun carraan Kansarii Harmaa horachuus ni dabala.
■ Ammaan dura harma cinaa tokko irratti Kaansarii qabaachuun carraa harma cinaa kaan irrattis qabaachuu ni dabala.
■ Sababa qaccee sanyii maatii irraa darbuun yoo maatiin (obboletti ykn haati) kaansarii kanaan qabaamtee turte ykn jiraatte carraan kaansarii kanaan qabamuu kan nama biroo irra dachaa hedduun olka'aadha. Qacceen sanyii (jiiniin) kanaaf nama saaxilan (BRCA 1 and BRCA 2) jedhamuun beekaman kun jiraachuun carraa kaansarii kanaan qabamuu olkaasu.
■ Yeroo umrii xiqqeenyaa ykn daa'imummaa qomni (chastiin) carariif (radiation) saaxilamuun.
■ Furdinna ykn ulfaatinna gar malee guddaa ta'e qabaachuun.
■ Xurii laguu ykn dugda umrii woggaa kudha lamaa gaditti arguu jalqabuun namoota kaan caalaa carraa kaansarii harmaatiin hubamu ni dabala.
■ Umriin xurii laguu ykn dugda arguu itti dhaaban dheerachuun ykn guddaa ta'uun.
■ Umrii woggaa soddomaa booda daa'ima jalqabaa argachuun namoota san dura argatan caalaa carraa kaansarii harmaatiin qabamuu ni qabu.
■ Isaan ulfayanii hin beekne kan ulfayanii beekan caalaa carraa kansarii kanan qabamuu qabu.
■ Alkoolii baay'isanii dhuguun carraa kaansarii harmaatin qabamuu ni dabala.
MALLATTOOLEE KAANSARII HARMAA (Warning signs of breast cancer) !
*Waanti akka dhiitaa jajjabaataa harma keessaa bakka takkatti yokaan guutummaa harmaa keessaatti umamuu
*Fiixeen harmaa (nipple) gara keessaatti deebi'uu (Kun dubartoota uumamumaan fiixeen harma isaanii gara keessatti liqimfamaa ta'e osoo hin taane duraan nagaha warra tureef)
*Gogaan harmaa, bakka takkan diimatee, furdatee yoo qaban harkatti jajjjabaatee, qola burtukaanaa fakkaachuu.
*Dhangala'aan aannan irraa adda ta'e harma keessaa gadi yaa'uu.
*Xannachi liimfii bobaa jalaa, kan gama dhiitaan harmaa jiru sanatti argamu jajjabaatee guddatee ba'uu
Hub: Mallattoon kun sababa biroo kanneen akka infekshinii, dhiitaa kaanserii hin taane, cyst (dhiita bishaan qofa uf keessaa qabu) fi kanneen biroon ni dhufa. Kanaaf mallattoo kana yoo ofirratti argitan, uf sodaachisuu osoo hin taane mana yaalaa deemtanii qorannoon adda baafachuudha.
Maal haa goonu? Ofeeggannoo akkamiitu barbaachisa?
● Dubartoonni torbaan torbaanin otoo sakata'iinsa harma isaanii ofii isaaniiti qaqqabuun godhatanii gaariidha. Harma qaqqabuun ilaaluun iddoon iita'ee jabaate, jajjabaate, ykn jijjirama qaama harmaa kaan irraa qabu jiraachuu isaa adda baafachu. Yoo jijjiramni addaa jiraate gara mana yaalaa deemanii ogeessa fayyaa ykn doktora isaan yaalu ykn woldhaanu wojjiin mari'achuu.
● Mallattoolee armaan olitti eeraman yoo of irratti agarte otoo yeroo hin gubin mana yaalaa deemtee adda baafachuu. Mallattooleen as gubbatti kaafne kun dhukkuboota harmaa kan birootifis ta'uu ni danda'u.
● Mallatoolee kana yoo of irratti agarre hospitaala deemnee qorannoo doktoroonni keenya nuuf ajajan fkn ultrasound, mammogram fi sumuuda kutaa harmaa iitan sun irra jiru irraa fuudhamuufi kan biroo kan ogeessi nu ajaje hojjachiifachuu
●Alkoolii baay'isanii dhuguu dhabuu/dhaabuu.
● Sochii qaamaa gochu. Torbaanitti yoo xiqqaate guyyoota shaniif daqiiqaa soddoma soddoma sochii qamaa (ispoortii akka fiigichaa, daakkaa, deemsa arifannaa fi kkf) hojjachuu.
● Nyaata keenya madaalawaa gochuu. Yeroo hedduu fuduraaf kuduraa nyaachuu. Foon, cooma, kallee, dhadhaa baay'isuu dhabuu.
¤ Sadarkaa kaansarichi irra jiru irratti hundaa'uun yaalli isaa kutaa harmaa kaansarichi itti biqile muranii/kutanii baasuu, ykn harma cinaa tokkoo guutuun gututti kaasuu/muranii kaasuu, ykn harmaafii xannachoota liimfii naannoo san jiran wolitti qabanii muranii kaasuu, ykn harma cinaa lachuu muranii kaasuus ta'uu danda'a.
Dabalataan yaalli cararii (radiation) fi qorichootaa (Chemotherapy) fi ykn yaala hormooniin godhamus barbaachisaadha. Kana irra taree kaansarichi sadarkaa kanaan yaalamuu hin dnadeenye irra yoo jiraate deeggarsi dhukkubbi woyyeessuufi dhukkubsata kunuunsu (Palliative care) kennamuu ni danda'a.
References
1. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery
2. Fayyaan faaya
Dr. Idris Hasano: General Surgeon
@HakimEthio | 91 |
| 9 |  +3Suspected Tramadol Toxicity in a Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease: Safe Use and Clinical Warning Signs
A young woman with known chronic kidney disease (CKD) was seen at a health center because of severe pain, frequent crying, emotional distress, intermittent confusion, and episodes of reduced responsiveness. Her mother and friend reported that she regularly used 600–800 mg daily.
This presentation was concerning for suspected tramadol toxicity, although other causes of altered mental status also needed to be excluded.
The reported use of 600–800 mg per day is above the usual adult maximum of 400 mg per day. In severe renal impairment, tramadol dosing must be reduced; the usual recommended maximum is approximately 200 mg per day, with longer intervals between doses.
Tramadol and its active metabolite are substantially eliminated through the kidneys. When kidney function is reduced, the drug may accumulate and remain active for longer. This can increase the risk of excessive sleepiness, dizziness, confusion, delirium, reduced consciousness, seizures, and respiratory depression.
Therefore, the patient’s intermittent nonresponsiveness and altered mentation were important clinical warning signs and should not be attributed only to emotional distress or “bad behavior.”
Other possible causes should also be considered, including uremia, low blood glucose, electrolyte abnormalities, infection, seizure with a postictal state, stroke, pregnancy-related illness, other drug use, and primary psychiatric illness.
Serotonin syndrome should be suspected if altered mental status is accompanied by fever, sweating, agitation, tremor, hyperreflexia, clonus, vomiting, or diarrhea, particularly when tramadol is combined with antidepressants or other serotonergic medicines.
Tramadol should be used only after assessment of the pain diagnosis, kidney function, medication history, and risk of dependence. It should not be combined with alcohol, benzodiazepines, sleeping tablets, sedatives, or other opioids unless specifically prescribed and closely monitored. Such combinations can increase sedation and breathing problems.
Long-term or high-dose tramadol use can cause tolerance, physical dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and addiction. A patient who feels unable to function without tramadol requires a respectful clinical assessment, not blame.
The medicine should not be increased without review, and it should not be stopped suddenly without medical supervision when dependence is suspected.
Any patient taking tramadol who develops severe drowsiness, confusion, slow breathing, seizures, blue lips, or failure to respond requires urgent hospital evaluation. Initial assessment should include airway and breathing, oxygen saturation, blood glucose, vital signs, level of consciousness, kidney function, electrolytes, electrocardiogram, medication review, and investigation for other causes.
Safe tramadol use requires the lowest effective dose, renal-dose adjustment, avoidance of dangerous drug combinations, regular monitoring, and early referral when toxicity or dependence is suspected.
References
1. Principles of Kidney Pharmacotherapy for the Nephrologist: Core Curriculum 2021. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2021.
2. Clinical Pharmacology Considerations in Pain Management in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2019.
3. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International. 2024.
4. Adult Cancer Pain, Version 2.2025: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2025.
5. CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain—United States, 2022. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2022.
6. Respiratory Depression with Tramadol in a Patient with Renal Impairment and CYP2D6 Gene Duplication. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2008
Dr. Shukri Mahamed: MD, OWDA organization BUR HC
Former instructor at Jigjiga University
@HakimEthio | 3 218 |
| 10 |  +6Salale University's Pharmacy Internship enterance celebration, 2026.
@HakimEthio | 3 569 |
| 11 |  የማቲዎስ ወንዱ ፋውንዴሽን መስራችና ዋና ስራ አስፈፃሚ የሆኑት አቶ ወንዱ በቀለ ባደረባቸው ህመም ምክንያት በህክምና ሲረዱ ቆይተው ዛሬ መስከረም 24 ቀን 2019 ዓ.ም. ረፋድ ከዚህ ዓለም ተለይተዋል።
በአቶ ወንዱ በቀለ ህልፈተ-ህይወት የተሰማንን ጥልቅ ሃዘን እየገለጽን ለቤተሰቦቻቸው ፣ ለወዳጅ ዘመዶቻቸው እንዲሁም ጓደኞቻቸው መፅናናትን እንመኛለን።
@HakimEthio | 4 783 |
| 12 |  I am writing to respectfully raise a concern regarding the prolonged delay in issuing professional licenses to health professionals who applied through the Oromia health professional licensing system.
We successfully completed the required professional licensing examination more than six weeks ago. Following the instruction that we could apply for our professional licenses, we submitted our applications. However, many of us have now been waiting for more than one month without receiving our licenses.
What is particularly concerning is that some health professionals from other regions have reportedly received their licenses within a few days of application. In addition, some applicants in Oromia who submitted their applications after us have already received their licenses, while earlier applicants are still waiting without clear information about the reason for the delay.
As newly qualified health professionals, this delay is having a serious impact on us. We have spent many years in education and professional training, including demanding clinical internships, exit examinations, the COC/licensing examination, and other requirements.
At this stage, the professional license is essential for us to begin our careers and apply for available employment opportunities. Continued delays may cause us to miss legitimate job opportunities despite having completed all the required qualifications.
We fully understand that the responsible office may have administrative procedures and a high workload. However, we respectfully request that the concerned authority:
1. Clarify the reason for the prolonged delay in issuing our licenses.
2. Review the pending applications, particularly those submitted earlier.
3. Provide a clear update on when the pending licenses are expected to be issued.
4. Take the necessary measures to resolve the backlog as soon as possible.
We are not raising this concern to blame any individual or office. We are simply requesting a fair, transparent, and timely solution so that qualified health professionals can begin serving the community and pursuing employment opportunities without unnecessary administrative barriers.
We kindly ask the responsible body to give this matter urgent attention and communicate a clear resolution to the affected applicants.
Thank you for your attention and consideration.
Respectfully,
Concerned newly licensed health professionals
By Mohammed Ahmed
Pharmacy Graduate
@HakimEthio | 4 695 |
| 13 |  ታላቅ ሽልማት ለፕሮፌሰር ሰለሞን ተፈራ
በቅርቡ በስኮትላንድ ግላስጎው በተካሄደው አለማአቀፍ የሳይካትሪ ዘረመል ኮንግረስ ላይ ፕሮፌሰር ሰለሞን ተፈራ እና እሳቸው የሚመሩት DepGenAfrica የPamela Sklar ሽልማት አሸናፊ ሆነዋል።
ፕሮፌሰር ሰለሞን አፍሪካውያንን ለዲፕረሽን የሚያጋልጡ በዘር የሚተላለፉ ዘረ መል (DepGenAfrica) ለመለየት የሚደረገው ትልቅ አህጉር አቀፍ ጥናት የአፍሪካ ዋና ተመራማሪ ናቸው።
ይሄ ጥናት ለወደፊቱ ዲፕረሽን ሳይከሰት ለመከላከል የሚያስችሉ ዘዴዎችን ለመለየት እንዲሁም ለአፍሪካውን የሚስማሙ የአእምሮ ህክምና መድሀኒቶችን ለማዘጋጀት የሚረዳ ነው።
ፕሮፌሰር ሰለሞን በአዲስአበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ የአእምሮ ህክምና ክፍል ውስጥ የሱስ ህክምና ሰብ-ስፔሻሊስት በመሆን እያገለገሉ ሲሆን በግል ደግሞ Renascent Mental Health and Rehabilitation Center የሱስ ህክምና ይሰጣሉ።
Congratulations 🎉!!!!!
Mental wellness የአእምሮ ጤና
@HakimEthio | 4 112 |
| 14 |  +3"ልጄ ቀኝ እና ግራ እግሩ እኩል አደሉም ወይም ሲራመድ ይስበዋል ምን ሊሆን ይችላል?"
ይህ ከአንድ ወላጅ የተጠየቅኩት ጥያቄ ነው:: መራመድ በጀመሩ ህፃናት የእግር ቁመት እኩል አለመሆን ወይም አንዱ መሰለል ብዙ ምክንያቶች ቢኖሩትም አንደኛው ከነርቭ መወጠር ጋ የተገናኘ ነው::
በእግር ላይ ያለው ምልክት ቆይቶ ከወራት ወይም ዓመታት በሁአላ ቢሆንም የሚታየው ችግሩ ግን የሚከሰተው ቀድሞ ነው:: በአብዛኛው በተፈጥሮ ነው የሚከሰተው:: ቀድሞ ማወቅም ይቻላል::
በተፈጥሮ የሚከሰት የህብለሰረሰር መወጠር (Tethered cord) ወደ እግር የሚሄድ የነርቭ መልክት መዛባት ስለሚያመጣ አንደኛው እግር ከሌላኛው እኩል አያድግም:: ልጁም እግሩን በነፃነት ማዘዝ እየከበደው ይመጣል:: ይሄንንም ለማካካስ ሲል በተርከዝ መርገጥ ትቶ በ ግር ጣቶች ብቻ ለመርገጥ ይሞክራል:: እግሩም እየተወጠረ መሄድ ስለሚከብደዉ እየሳበው ይሄዳል::
ከዚህ ባለፈ የነርቭ መልክት መተላለፍ መዛባት ወደ ሽንት ፊኛ ሲደርስ ሽንት መቆጣጠር አለመቻል ይሄም በልጆች ቀኑን ሙሉ ዳይፐር አንደረጠበ መቆየት ይኖራል:: ሽንት በፊኛ እየተጠራቀመ ሲመጣ ወደ ኩላሊት እየተመለሰ ኩላሊት ዉስጥ መጠራቀም እና ተደጋጋሚ የኩላሊት እንፈክሽን ያመጣል አለፍ ሲልም ኩላሊት ስራ ሊያቆም ይችላል::
ወደ ታችኛው የአንጀት ክፍል የሚሄድ የነርቭ መልክት መዛባት ደግሞ ድርቀት ያመጣባቸዋል:: ይህ መወጠር ከአርከካሪ ጎን ያሉ ጡንቻዎችን በማዛባት የአከርካሪ መጣመም ሁሉ ያመጣል::
እንዴት ማወቅ ይቻላል?
ችግሩ ከዉስጥ ቢሆንም ከቆዳ ላይ የሚያሳየው ምልክት አለ:: ለምሳሌ ከጀርባ ላይ ያለ አንድ ቦታ ችምችም ያለ ፀጉር: መሃል ወገብ ላይ ያበጠ ወይም የተከማች ስብ: መሃል ወገብ ላይ ያለ Dimple (መሰርጎድ) : የአከርካሪ መጣመም እና የመሳሰሉት::
ሕክምና አለው?
አዎ መታከም ይችላል:: ነገር ግን ሕክምናው ህመሙ እንደታወቀበት ጊዜ ይወሰናል:: ተጨማሪ የMRI ምርመራ ያስፈልጋል:: በዋነኘት የተወጠርዉን ህብለሰረሰር በማላቀቅ ያንን ተከትሎ የሚመጣዉን መዘዝ መቀነስ ነው:: አንዴ የደርሰዉን ጉዳት መመለስ ግን እጅግ አዳጋች ነው::
ለእያናዳንዱ ታካሚ የራሱ የህክምና እና የክትትል plan ያስፈልጋል:: ሁሉም አንድ አይነት ስላልሆነ::
References
1. Guggisberg, D., et al. (2004). Skin markers of occult spinal dysraphism in children: a review of 54 cases. Child's Nervous System
2. International Survey on the Management of Skin Stigmata and Suspected Tethered Cord. Child's Nervous System, Vol. 26
3. Kulkarni, A. V., et al. (2017). Evaluation and management of tethered cord syndrome in occult spinal dysraphism. Child's Nervous System.
ቸር ያሰማን!
ዶ/ር ሱራፌል መኮንን: ረዳት ፕሮፌሰር
የህፃናት አንጎል ህብለሰረሰር ነርቭ ቀዶ ጥገና ሰብ ስፔሺያሊስት
@HakimEthio | 4 268 |
| 15 |  From Practice to Publication: The Unseen Researcher in Every Health Professional
In the engine room of our health system the clinics, labs, and community posts, there is a constant hum of adaptation and problem-solving. We call it "daily practice."
I call it "undocumented research."
For too long, we've accepted a false divide: the "academic" who creates knowledge and the "practitioner" who applies it. This misses the most critical point: The frontline is where theory meets reality, and reality often wins.
The best research topics don't come from textbooks. The most transformative research, the kind that truly closes the "know-do gap," isn't born in a university. It's born from the practice.
* It's the pharmacist who notices why patients misunderstand adherence instructions for a specific drug.
* It's the lab technician who identifies a systematic bottleneck in the testing workflow that no administrator can see.
* It's the midwife who understands why community trust in a specific protocol is failing.
This isn't just about empowering physicians and nurses. It’s about recognizing that the entire health workforce holds critical, specialized data. The health officer, the radiographer, the nurses.... they each see a part of the system that others cannot. Without their insights, our "evidence-based solutions" are incomplete.
Empowering these frontline experts to answer the questions they are uniquely positioned to ask:
* System Design: Why do our workflows create burnout, and how can we redesign them for both resilience and better outcomes?
* Digital Integration: Why are new EMR systems or telemedicine tools really failing to gain traction on the ground? (Hint: Ask the end-user, not just the manager).
* Patient-Centered Equity: What "small" cultural, linguistic, or economic factors are the critical determinants of a patient's health journey?
* Quality & Safety: How do our official protocols actually function after-hours, when we're understaffed, or when the supply chain breaks?
To provide the mentorship and modular tools that turn frontline observation into formal evidence.
If you’re a health professional with a question that keeps coming up in your daily work, that pattern you can't ignore—that is not a distraction… that’s your research topic. Let’s turn practice into evidence. Let’s make frontline wisdom visible.
Nesredin Ahmed
Lecturer at Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences
@HakimEthio | 5 052 |
| 16 |  "What If the ‘Life-Saving’ Fluid Bolus Is Actually Killing Our Children?"
Would You Believe Me If I Told You?
Imagine this: A mother carries her two-year-old daughter into a clinic in Harar, Gondar, or Hawassa. The child is burning with fever, breathing fast, her hands are cold, her pulse is weak. She barely opens her eyes.
You’ve seen this before. We’ve been taught—by textbooks, by senior doctors, by global guidelines—that this child is in shock. And that shock must be treated with fluids—fast, large amounts of IV fluid—right away.
So you give her a fluid bolus : 20mL/kg of saline, pushed quickly through the vein. You feel you’ve done the right thing. You’ve followed the rules. You’ve acted fast—just like Nelson’s Pediatrics told you to. But six hours later, she dies.
Now imagine this: In the next bed, another child—same age, same fever, same cold hands, same fast breathing—does not get a bolus. Instead, she gets gentle maintenance fluids, artesunate for malaria, antibiotics, and close watching. She lives.
This isn’t a hypothetical story. This is what happened—over and over again—in a landmark study called the FEAST trial, conducted across hospitals in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. More than 3,100 critically ill African children just like ours in Ethiopia were enrolled. All had severe infection. All showed signs we call “poor perfusion”—cold extremities, delayed capillary refill, weak pulse.
But here’s the truth that shook the world:
> Children who received fluid boluses were 45% more likely to die within 48 hours than those who didn’t.
Not because the doctors were careless.
Not because the fluids were dirty. But because in our settings—without ICUs, without ventilators, without reliable blood pressure machines—giving a bolus to a child who isn’t truly dehydrated can tip her fragile body into collapse.
You might ask: “But how do I know if she’s really in shock if I can’t measure her blood pressure?” That’s the heart of it.
In Ethiopia, most health centers don’t have working pediatric BP cuffs. So we guess. We see cold hands, fast breathing, and assume “shock = needs fluids.”
But the FEAST trial proved:
> When you can’t confirm low blood pressure, giving a bolus is not heroic—it’s hazardous.
The children who died after boluses weren’t suffering from diarrhea or burns—conditions where fluid loss is real. They had malaria, sepsis, pneumonia—infections that cause the body to shut down circulation on purpose to protect vital organs. Flooding them with fluid overwhelmed their hearts, lungs, and brains—not with obvious swelling, but with silent, deadly stress.
And yet—more than a decade later—many of us still reach for that IV bag first. Why?
Because we were taught that fluids save lives.
Because Western textbooks, PALS courses, and international guidelines were written for Boston, Berlin, or Bangkok—not for Bahir Dar or Dire Dawa.
But science isn’t one-size-fits-all.
Evidence from Africa must guide African care.
The World Health Organization now clearly states: "In hospitals without ICU support, do NOT give fluid boluses to febrile children with impaired perfusion unless they have confirmed severe hypotension".
To every intern, nurse, and doctor reading this: I know it’s hard to unlearn what we’ve been taught. I know it feels risky to withhold something we believed was life-saving. But the bravest thing we can do is pause—and ask:
> “Is this child truly dehydrated… or is she fighting an infection that doesn’t need more fluid—but better care?” Because in Ethiopia, the bolus that’s meant to rescue might be the one that takes her away.
And if I told you that,
Would you believe me?
Now you have the evidence. Now you have the choice. And now—you have the power to save more lives by giving less.
Inspired by the FEAST Trial (NEJM, 2011). For every child who deserved better than what we thought was “standard.”
Links to the official article; [NEJM.org link] https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1101549
Jafer Mohammed Amin, General Practitioner
@HakimEthio | 4 070 |
| 17 |  +3የግፊት ህመምና እርግዝና
✳ባደጉ ሀገራት ከእርግዝና ጋር ተያይዘው ከሚከሰቱ ሞቶች ቀዳሚውን ሥፍራ የሚይዘው በግፊት ምክንያት የሚመጣ ነው(በታዳጊ ሀገራት ከወሊድ በኋላ የሚከሰት የበዛ ደም መፍሰስና ጥንቃቄ የጎደለው ውርጃ ሊቀድሙት ይችላሉ)። ከመቶ ወላዶች 16ቶቹ የግፊት ህመም ሊያጋጥማቸው ይችላል(ከእርግዝና በፊት የነበረ ወይም በእርግዝና ወቅት የሚጀምር)።
✳ጥቁሮች (Black race)፣ እድሜ 35 ዓመትና ከዛ በላይ የሆኑ፣ ከልክ ያለፈ የሰውነት ውፍረት (Obesity) ያለባቸው ይበልጥ ተጋላጭ ናቸው። እነዚህ አጋላጭ ሁኔታዎች በሌሉበትም ሊከሰት ይችላል።
✳በእርግዝና ጊዜ ግፊት ህመም አለ የሚባለው የደም ግፊት በ4 ሰዓታት ልዩነት 2 ጊዜ ተለክቶ >/=140/90 ሲሆን >=160/110 ከሆነ ደግሞ በ15 ደቂቃዎች ደግሞ ማየትና በዚያው ከቆየ ደግሞ ወዲያው ግፊት መቀነሻ መድኃኒት መስጠትና <140/90 በታች ማድረግ የሚያሻው (Severe Hypertension) ይሆናል።
✳ግፊት በእርግዝና ወቅት በ4 ይከፈላል፡
1. ከእርግዝና በፊት የነበረ ወይም የእርግዝና ዕድሜ ከ 20 ሳምንት በፊት እያለ የሚከሰት(Chronic Hypertension)
2. እርግዝናው 20 ሳምንትና ከዛ በላይ ሆኖ የሚከሰት ግን የሌሎች አካላት(ጉበት፣ ኩላሊት፣የደም ሕዋሶች፣ የአንጎልና የሳምባ) ጉዳት ያላስከተለና በሽንት ፕሮቲን የማይባክንበት(Gestational Hypertension)
3. አደገኛ የእርግዝና ጊዜ ግፊት(Preeclampsia/Eclampsia): ከላይ በተራ ቁጥር እንደተገለጸው ሆኖ ግን የተዘረዘሩ አካላት ጉዳቶች የሚታዩበትና እንደሚጥል ህመም አይነት ያለ የሰውነት መንቀጥቀጥ ወይም ራስን መሳት የሚስተዋልበት(Eclampisa)
4. ቁጥር 1 በተገለጸው ላይ ቁጥር 3 የተገለጸው ሲደረብ(Preeclampsia Superimposed on Chronic Hypertension)
✳እነዚህ ክፍፍሎች ህክምናቸውን ለማመልከት ይረዳሉ።
1. Chronic Hypertension ያለባቸው ሴቶች ከማርገዛቸው በፊት ግፊታቸው ከ140/90 በታች ለማድረግ መታከም አለባቸው፤ ማርገዝ ሲፈልጉ ወይም ድንገት ሳያውቁ አርግዘው ከሆነ የሚወስዱት መድኃኒት ጽንስ የማይጎዳ መሆኑን ሐኪም ጋር ሄደው ማጣራት አለባቸው፤ እየወሰዱ ያሉት ጽንሳቸውን የሚጎዳ ከሆነ ወደማይጎዳው ማስቀየር አለባቸው።
ግፊታቸው ላይ ሌላ ግፊት እንዳይደረብ(ቁጥር 4 ላይ እንደተገለጸው) እርግዝናቸው 12 ሳምንት ሲሆነው አስፕሪን(Aspirin 81mg daily) መውሰድ አለባቸው(የአስፕሪን አለርጂ ካለባቸው በስተቀር)
2. Gestational Hypertension ያለባቸው ደግሞ ግፊታቸው >/=160/110(Severe Hypertension) ከሆነ ወዲያው ግፊት መቀነሻ መድኃኒት መጀመር አለባቸው፤ ከዛ በታች ከሆነ ግን መድኃኒት ሳይጀምሩ ክትትል ላይ ይቆያሉ።
3 እና 4. አስቸኳይና ነፍስአድን ህክምና በብዙ ባለሙያዎች ስብጥር ያስፈልጋቸዋል፤ እንደህመሙ ደረጃ በመድኃኒት ግፊትን መቀነስ፣ ጽንስ ከማቋረጥ ወይም ከደረሰ ከማዋለድ እስከ ጽኑ ህክምና ሊያስፈልግ ይችላል።
✳ይህ አደገኛው አይነት ግፊት ምልክት/ስሜት አልባ ሊሆን ቢችልም በዋናነት ሊሰሙ የሚችሉ ስሜቶች/የህመም ምልክቶች: ከ20 ሳምንት ያለፈ እርግዝና ባላት ነፍሰጡር የሚሰማ ሌላ ምክንያት የሌለውና ለህመም ማስታገሻ ምላሽ የሌለው ራስምታት፣ ከቀኝ ጡት ሥር ወይም በላይኛው ሆድ የሚሰማ ማቃጠል/ውጋት፣ የሽንት መጠን መቀነስ፣ የፊትና እጅ እብጠት (50-80% በሚሆኑ ነፍሰጡሮች የሚከሰተውንና በሽታ ያይደለውን የእግር እብጠት አይመለከትም) ፣ ድንገት ራስን መሳት ወይም የሚጥል በሽታ እንዳለው ሰው መንቀጥቀጥ/መንፈራገጥ ...እና ከእነዚህ ምልክቶች ጋር ተያይዞ የደም ግፊት ጨምሮ ሲገኝ። ለማረጋገጥ የሚሠሩ የላቦራቶሪ ምርመራዎች ህመሙን ለመለየት ያግዛሉ።
✳በእርግዝና ወቅት የግፊት ህመም ያጋጠማቸው እናቶች ወደፊት ለሚዘልቅ ግፊት፣ለልብ ህመም፣ ለኩላሊት ህመምና ለስትሮክ የመጋለጣቸው ዕድል ከፍ ያለ ስለሆነ ከወለዱ በኋላም ግፊታቸውን መለካትና አስፈላጊ ሲሆን ደግሞ መድኃኒታቸውን መቀጠል ይኖርባቸዋል። ይህም ክትትል ወልደው ከሆስፒታል ከወጡ 3-10 ቀን ጀምሮ መሆን ይገባል። በዚህ የክትትል ወቅት መዳናቸው የታወቀ ደግሞ ከዚያ በኋላ ቢያንስ በዓመት አንድ ጊዜ ግፊታቸውን መታየት አለባቸው።
✳ስለዚህ በእርግዝና ጊዜ ስለሚከሰት አደገኛ ግፊት (Preeclamsia/Eclampsia) ለእናቶችና ለቤተሰቦቻቸው ይህችን አጭር የጤና መረጃ ላጋራ ስጽፍ በዚህ በሽታ በወጣትነት ዕድሜያቸው ያጣናቸውን እናቶችን በሙሉ እና ሁለት እጅግ የምወዳቸው ቤተሰቦቼን
1. መምህርት ሰናይት ሰማያት፡ ጭምቷ እህቴ (የአጎቴ ልጅ)
2. ሚሚ (ትዕግሥት ደረሰ): እውነትም እናት የሆነች ደጓ ዘመዴን እያሰብኳቸው ነው💔
❤ለእነርሱ መታሰቢያ በሕይወት ላሉ እናቶች ደግሞ ትምህርት ይሁንልኝ።
References:
- 2025 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults.
- ACOG Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia, 2020
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd Edition.
Dr. Esayas Sada: Internist
Bele General Hospital
@HakimEthio | 5 516 |
| 18 |  +3🩺 የስኳር በሽታ የእግር ቁስለት: Diabetic Foot Ulcer
የስኳር በሽታ በዓለም ዙሪያ በሚሊዮኖች የሚቆጠሩ ሰዎችን የሚያጠቃና ከፍተኛ ትኩረት የሚሻ የጤና ሁኔታ ነው። ከዚሁ በሽታ ጋር ተያይዘው ከሚመጡ የረጅም ጊዜ የጤና እክሎች (Chronic Complications) መካከል የስኳር በሽታ የእግር ቁስለት (Diabetic Foot Ulcer) ዋነኛውና በጣም አደገኛው ነው።
በየጊዜው በሚዲያም ሆነ በህብረተሰቡ ውስጥ “የእገሌ እግር ተቆረጠ” የሚል ልብ የሚሰብር ዜና የመስማታችን ዋና ምክንያት ይህ ዓይነቱ ቁስል በወቅቱ ባለመታከሙና በመስፋፋቱ ነው።
አንድ የስኳር ታማሚ ለእግር ቁስለትና የሚዳረገው በደም ውስጥ ያለው የስኳር መጠን (Blood Glucose) ለረጅም ጊዜ ከፍ ብሎ ሲቆይ በሚፈጠሩ ሁለት ዋና ዋና የፊዚዮሎጂ ሂደቶች ምክንያት ነው፦
🧠 የነርቭ መጎዳት (Diabetic Neuropathy)
በደም ውስጥ ያለው ከፍተኛ የስኳር መጠን በጊዜ ሂደት ወደ እግር የሚሄዱትን የነርቭ ዘንጎች ይጎዳል። ይህ በሚሆንበት ጊዜ የእግር የስሜት ህዋሳት ሥራቸውን ያቆማሉ። ታማሚው እግሩ ቢቆስል፣ ቢላጥ፣ እሾህ ቢወጋው ወይም በሙቅ ውሃ ቢቃጠል እንኳ ምንም ዓይነት የህመም ስሜት አይሰማውም። ህመም አለመሰማቱ ደግሞ ቁስሉ ሳይታወቅና ህክምና ሳያገኝ ለሳምንታት እንዲቆይ ያደርገዋል።
🩸 የደም ዝውውር መስተጓጎል (Peripheral Artery Disease - PAD)
የስኳር በሽታ በደም ስሮች ውስጥ ቅባትና ህዋሳት እንዲከማቹ በማድረግ የደም ስሮችን ያጠባቸዋል። በዚህም ምክንያት ወደ እግርና ጣቶች የሚሄደው የደም መጠን አነስተኛ ይሆናል። ደም ወደ ቁስሉ በበቂ ሁኔታ ካልደረሰ ደግሞ ኦክስጅንና በሽታ ተከላካይ ህዋሳት ወደ ቦታው መድረስ ስለማይችሉ ፣ ትንሿ ጭረት እንኳ ቶሎ የመዳን አቅም ታጣለች፤ ኢንፌክሽኑም በፍጥነት ወደ አጥንትና ህብረ-ህዋሳት ይሰራጫሉ።
እነዚህ ሁለት ምክንያቶች ድአግሞ አንድ ላይ ሲመጡ ትንሿ ጭረት ወደ ከባድ ቁስለት፣ ቁስለቱም ወደ እግር መቆረጥ (Amputation) ሊያመራ ይችላል። ሆኖም ግን የዚህን በሽታ ተፈጥሮ በደንብ መረዳትና ቅድመ ጥንቃቄ ማድረግ አብዛኛውን የእግር መቆረጥ አደጋ ሊከላከል ይቻላል።
📌 ይህንን እጅግ ጠቃሚ መረጃ ለወዳጅ ዘመድዎ 'Share' በማድረግ ቤተሰብዎን ከድብቅ የጤና አደጋዎች ይታደጉ! 🏥❤️
🛡️ እግርን ከመቆረጥ አደጋ ለመታደግ 5 ወሳኝ የእለት ተእለት ጥንቃቄዎች፦
👀 1. እግርን በየቀኑ Check ማድረግ
ማታ ማታ ከመተኛትዎ በፊት የእግርዎን ጫማ፣ የጣቶችዎን መሃል እና የቁርጭምጭሚት አካባቢ በደንብ ይመልከቱ። ቀይ መሆን፣ እብጠት፣ ስንጥቅ ወይም ትንሽ ፉንጎ ካለ ትኩረት ይስጡ።
🧼 2. እግርን በጥንቃቄ ማጠብ እና ማድረቅ
እግርዎን በለስላሳ ሳሙና እና ለብ ባለ ውሃ በየቀኑ ይታጠቡ። (ውሃው እንዳያቃጥልዎት አስቀድመው በእጅዎ ሙቀቱን ይፈትሹ!)
ከታጠቡ በኋላ በጣቶችዎ መሃል ያለውን እርጥበት በደንብ አድርቁ። እርጥበት መቅረት ለፈንገስና ባክቴሪያ ምቹ ሁኔታ ይፈጥራል።
⚠️ ማሳሰቢያ: ቆዳ እንዳይሰነጠቅ እርጥበት አዘል ክሬም (Vaseline/Lotion) እግርዎ ላይ መቀባት መልካም ነው፤ ነገር ግን በጣቶችዎ መሃል ፈንገስ እንዳይፈጠር ክሬም መቀባት የተከለከለ ነው!
👞 3. ባዶ እግር በጭራሽ አለመሄድ
በቤት ውስጥም ሆነ ከቤት ውጭ በጭራሽ ባዶ እግርዎን አይሂዱ! ሁልጊዜ ለስላሳ እና ምቹ የሆኑ ካልሲዎችንና ጫማዎችን (Diabetic footwear) ያድርጉ። ጫማ ከማድረግዎ በፊት በውስጡ ጠጠር አለመኖሩን በእጅዎ ፈትሹ።
✂️ 4. የጥፍር አቆራረጥ ጥንቃቄ
ጥፍርዎን ሲቆርጡ ጥልቀት ጠለቅ ብለው ወደ ጎን በኩል አይቁረጡት። ጥፍርን በቀጥታ መስመር (Straight across) መቁረጥ ቆዳን ከመውጋትና ከመቁሰል ይከላከላል።
🚨 5. ትንሽ ቁስል እንኳ ቢሆን ለሐኪም ማሳየት
እግርዎ ላይ ትንሽ ጭረት፣ የጥፍር መግል ወይም ቁስል ካዩ በጭራሽ በቤት ውስጥ በጭራሽ መቆየት የለብዎትም ፤ ወዲያውኑ ወደ ህክምና ተቋም በመሄድ የህክምና ባለሙያ ያማክሩ።
📚 የመረጃ ምንጮች | References:
📖 American Diabetes Association (ADA): Standards of Care in Diabetes — Diabetic Foot Care and Neuropathy Management.
📖 World Health Organization (WHO): Global Report on Diabetes & Prevention of Lower Limb Amputations.
📖 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF): Guidelines on the Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Disease.
በረከት ከፈኔ: የቀዶ ህክምና ነርስ
@HakimEthio | 5 586 |
| 19 |  +5🩺 Welcome to MedMotive | Your Healthcare Opportunity Hub
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Nadiya salih
@HakimEthio | 4 655 |
| 20 |  +2💊 The Culture of Overmedication
A while back, I met Mr. Ali (name changed), a 68-year-old gentleman with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and osteoarthritis. He came in complaining of fatigue, epigastric discomfort, and right knee pain.
As I reviewed his medications, I counted 8 prescriptions plus 2 over-the-counter “additions” he started on advice from a friend and a pharmacist.
“ዶክተር, ጎረቤቴ ይችን ለመገጣጠሚይው ይወስዳት ነበር ፍቱን ናት ብሎ ሰጠኝ እነኝህ ደግሞ ከፋርማሲ ለጨጓራና ለራስ ምታት ገዛዋቸው.... ”
When we spread the meds on the table from his famous ጥቁር ፌስታል medicine bag, it looked like he was carrying a small pharmacy in his pocket not to mention a pile of empty medication plastic holders scattered everywhere.
✅2 are prescribed by different clinics
✅3 recommended by friends “who had the same problem”
✅The rest bought from a pharmacy after a quick conversation
✅What started as a good intention had turned into polypharmacy, too many drugs for one body to process.
Polypharmacy is not just inconvenient; it increases the risk of side effects, drug interactions, kidney or liver strain, and confusion about which drug actually helps.
In Ethiopia, among older adults in Dessie, 33.9% were on polypharmacy, and 46% had at least one potentially inappropriate drug
Among patients with type 2 diabetes in Northwest Ethiopia, 59% were exposed to polypharmacy
Then comes the second epidemic: antibiotic overuse. We’ve turned antibiotics into painkillers, giving them for every cough, cold, or sore throat.
Mr. Ali wasn’t careless. He was doing what many patients believe is right: treating every symptom as a disease that needs a pill.
A 2024 study from two major teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa found that 65% of inpatients were on antibiotics 39% taking two or more simultaneously. Shockingly, only 11% had microbiological testing done.
Mind you, this is Addis, the center for the best care a patient gets in Ethiopia, and as you move away to the periphery, it's mind-boggling to comprehend how antibiotics are misused and abused with good intentions, of course.
Globally, the WHO reported in 2025:
Antibiotic consumption is dangerously high 18.3 daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day.
Many countries overuse “Watch” antibiotics, accelerating resistance.
1 in 6 bacterial infections worldwide is now resistant to treatment.
Every week in clinics and emergency rooms, we see older adults arrive with medicine bags full of pills — some prescribed, others borrowed, and many continued long after their purpose ended. The combination of polypharmacy, antibiotic misuse, and uncoordinated care is creating a silent epidemic.
የጤና ጣቢያ 'ታይፎይድና ታይፈስ' — coupled with self-diagnosis and over-the-counter antibiotic use — is quietly taking a toll on the most vulnerable among us: the elderly.
Mr. Ali’s story reminds us: more medication doesn’t mean better care.
After reviewing his medications carefully, we:
✅ Stopped unnecessary drugs
✅ Simplified his regimen
✅ Provided clear guidance on essential meds
✅ Counseled him on proper antibiotic use
Sometimes, the most powerful prescription is restraint.
Strategies to Combat Polypharmacy
1️⃣ Regular medication review
2️⃣ Evidence-based prescribing
3️⃣ Patient education
4️⃣ Simplify medication regimens
5️⃣ Effective communication between providers
6️⃣ Use of deprescribing tools (e.g., Beers Criteria, STOPP/START)
7️⃣ Monitoring and follow-up
📚 References
✅ Endris M, et al. “Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use Among Older Adults in Ethiopia.” Front Public Health. 2025;13:1525079.
✅Ayele G, et al. “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Polypharmacy Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Northwest Ethiopia.” BMC Primary Care. 2024;25(1):118.
✅ Desta Z, et al. “Antimicrobial Use in Two Major Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Point Prevalence Survey.” JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. 2024;6(3):dkae065.
✅ GLASS Report 2025. WHO.
✅ Financial Times. “One in Six Bacterial Infections Globally Resistant to Treatment, WHO Warns.”
Birtateab Haile: MD, Internist
@HakimEthio | 4 802 |
