Hakim
📈 تحلیل کانال تلگرام Hakim
کانال Hakim (@hakimethio) در بخش زبانی امهری بازیگری فعال است. در حال حاضر جامعه شامل 63 855 مشترک است و جایگاه 226 را در دسته پزشکی و رتبه 510 را در منطقه أثيوبيا دارد.
📊 شاخصهای مخاطب و پویایی
از زمان ایجاد در невідомо، پروژه رشد سریعی داشته و 63 855 مشترک جذب کرده است.
بر اساس آخرین دادهها در تاریخ 25 اکتبر, 2026، کانال فعالیت پایداری دارد. در ۳۰ روز گذشته تغییر اعضا برابر 605 و در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته برابر 27 بوده و همچنان دسترسی گستردهای حفظ شده است.
- وضعیت تأیید: تأیید نشده
- نرخ تعامل (ER): میانگین تعامل مخاطب 8.78% است و در ۲۴ ساعت نخست پس از انتشار، محتوا معمولاً 6.88% واکنش نسبت به کل مشترکان کسب میکند.
- دسترسی پستها: هر پست به طور میانگین 5 604 بازدید دریافت میکند. در اولین روز معمولاً 4 391 بازدید جمعآوری میشود.
- واکنشها و تعامل: مخاطبان بهطور فعال حمایت میکنند؛ میانگین واکنش به هر پست 28 است.
- علایق موضوعی: محتوا بر موضوعات کلیدی مانند patient, ethiopia, disease, ነው።, medicine تمرکز دارد.
📝 توضیح و سیاست محتوایی
نویسنده این فضا را محل بیان دیدگاههای شخصی توصیف میکند:
“Ethiopian blend of Medicine, History and Humor.”
به لطف بهروزرسانیهای پرتکرار (آخرین داده در تاریخ 26 اکتبر, 2026)، کانال همواره بهروز و دارای دسترسی بالاست. تحلیلها نشان میدهد مخاطبان بهطور فعال با محتوا تعامل دارند و آن را به نقطه اثرگذاری مهم در دسته پزشکی تبدیل کردهاند.
در حال بارگذاری دادهها
| تاریخ | رشد مشترکین | اشارات | کانالها | |
| 27 اکتبر | 0 | |||
| 26 اکتبر | +9 | |||
| 25 اکتبر | +27 | |||
| 24 اکتبر | +7 | |||
| 23 اکتبر | +6 | |||
| 22 اکتبر | +29 | |||
| 21 اکتبر | +7 | |||
| 20 اکتبر | +4 | |||
| 19 اکتبر | +6 | |||
| 18 اکتبر | +57 | |||
| 17 اکتبر | +30 | |||
| 16 اکتبر | +68 | |||
| 15 اکتبر | +30 | |||
| 14 اکتبر | +48 | |||
| 13 اکتبر | +26 | |||
| 12 اکتبر | +29 | |||
| 11 اکتبر | 0 | |||
| 10 اکتبر | +14 | |||
| 09 اکتبر | +7 | |||
| 08 اکتبر | +13 | |||
| 07 اکتبر | +8 | |||
| 06 اکتبر | +15 | |||
| 05 اکتبر | +31 | |||
| 04 اکتبر | +19 | |||
| 03 اکتبر | +9 | |||
| 02 اکتبر | +55 | |||
| 01 اکتبر | +18 |
| 2 | Exoscope-Assisted Precision in Neurosurgery: Recurrent Epidermoid Cyst
A 44-year-old woman presented to Ethio Tebib Hospital with a three-month history of occipital headache and impaired balance. She had history of previous surgery for a posterior fossa cyst in India approximately 10 years earlier. On clinical examination, she demonstrated cerebellar signs, raising concern for a recurrent posterior fossa lesion. Further neurosurgical evaluation and investigations confirmed a recurrent cerebellar epidermoid cyst.
The patient underwent suboccipital craniectomy, C1 laminectomy, and gross total resection of the recurrent cyst, performed by Dr. Samuel Getahun and Dr. Samson Assefa. Using an exoscope-assisted microsurgical technique the lesion was carefully dissected from the surrounding structures and removed. An associated dural defect was addressed with expansile duraplasty to restore the integrity of the dura.
Following the procedure, the patient received close neurosurgical monitoring and continued clinical assessment. Subsequent follow-up documented a GCS score of 15, intact neurological function, and a clean surgical wound without evidence of persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
At Ethio Tebib Hospital, this showcases the expertise of our neurosurgical team, the use of advanced exoscope technology and the advancement of specialized neurosurgical care in managing complex intracranial conditions through advanced surgical approaches and coordinated patient care.
📞For more information and to schedule an appointment, call +251933745555 or call our toll-free number 9000.
📍Our address is located on the road leading to Kolfe, Masalemiya Sefereselam.
📱Telegram 📱Tiktok 📱Facebook 📱Instagram 📱Youtube
𝐄𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐨-𝐓𝐄𝐁𝐈𝐁 𝐇𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥
We strive for your health!! | 3 122 |
| 3 | Respiratory Therapy: The Science of Breathing, the Art of Saving Lives.
Respiratory therapy is more than a profession; it is a commitment to protecting one of life's most precious gifts—the ability to breathe.
From the emergency department to the intensive care unit, respiratory therapists play a vital role in caring for patients with breathing difficulties. We manage mechanical ventilation, provide oxygen therapy, support airway management, and help critically ill patients fight for every breath.
Behind every ventilator setting, every oxygen adjustment, and every successful respiratory intervention lies knowledge, dedication, teamwork, and compassion.
Our work may sometimes happen behind the scenes, but our impact can be life-changing. When breathing becomes difficult, we stand ready to provide expertise, support, and hope.
This week, we celebrate our dedication, recognize our contributions, and raise awareness of the essential role of respiratory therapists in healthcare.
🌬️ Every breath matters. ❤️ Every patient matters. 🫁 Every respiratory therapist makes a difference.
PROUD TO BE A RESPIRATORY THERAPIST!
Wondwosen Andualem: Respiratory Therapist
@HakimEthio | 2 795 |
| 4 | Do you know the different types of eye care professionals?
An Ophthalmology department consists of a variety of professionals
1. Optician,
2. Optometrist,
3. Optalmic nurse
4. Optalmic Assistant
5. Cataract Surgeon and
6. Opthalmologist
7. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist
Subspecialty on one stream of Ophthalmology like
1. Lens, Cataract and IOL
2. Glaucoma
3. Cornea and external eye disease
4. Pediatrics Ophthalmology and strabismus
5. Vitreo retinal surgery
6. Uveitis and ocular Inflammatory disease
7. Oculoplastic and Orbital surgery
8. Neurophthalmology
9. Refractive surgery
10. Ocular oncology
11. Community Ophthalmology
12. Ocular pathology
13. Medical Retina
14. Low vision Rehabilitation specialist
etc....)
What's the difference? 🤔
#️⃣1 Level of Education.
1. 🤓 Optician has a diploma in Dispensing Opticianry/Optics
2. 🥼 Optometrist, has a BSC degree of optometry, has a first professional BSC degree in Optometry
3. Optalmic Nurse: has BSC degree nurse on ophthalmology or eye diseases
4. Optalmic Assistant: has advanced diploma, a clinical nurse by diploma plus a short term training of 1 year on eye diseases.
5. Cataract Surgeon: has Masters on cataract surgery, a 4 years training specialized on cataract surgery alone, Advanced training from BSC degree ophthalmic nurse or BSC optometry background.
6. 🩺 Opthalmologist has a Medical Doctor or MBBS degree + Residency training of 4 years in Ophthalmology to specialize on eye diseases and care.
7. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist: highly dedicated and Consultant on subspecialty stream of Ophthalmology specifically on one of the subspecialty or referal clinic like Glaucoma, Uvietis, medical retina, Cornea, Vitro retinal, oculoplat, pediatrics,...etc.
#️⃣2 What they do
1. 🤓 Optician: Design, fit, and dispense eyeglasses & contact lenses based on prescriptions by an Optometrist or Ophthalmologist. Also Adjust and repair spectacles.
Do not diagnose or treat eye diseases.
2. 🥼 Optometrist: Examine eyes, detect vision problems & eye diseases. Prescribe glasses, contact lenses, and some medications. Provide vision therapy & low vision care. Refer surgical and Speciality ophthalmic cases to ophthalmologists.
They can do Biometry, Visual field test and some diagnostic test as well as low vision Rehabilitation service.
3. Ophthalmic nurse and Ophtalmic Assistant: they can take visual acquiety, measure Intra ocular pressure, examine and diagnoses the eye, prescribe medicine for common eye diseases and they can perform minor eye surgery maily trachoma surgery.
Scribe and assist the Ophthalmologist on the major eye surgery and they can provide community eye health education on common eye diseases of puplic health interest.
4. Cataract Surgeon: mainly and lonely they master on cataract surgery: pre surgery evaluation and preparation of cataract for surgery, doing surgery of noncomplicated cataract cases and post cataract surgery care.,
They can also do patients examination, diagnosis and medicine prescriptions on common and general eye diseases.
They can do minor eye surgery and they will diagnosis and refer the ophthalmic cases which need general Ophthalmologist and subspecialty consultation.
5. 🩺 Opthalmologist: Is a Medical doctor specializing in eye Disease and treatment. Diagnose and treat all eye diseases, prescribe drug for all general eye diseases.
Perform all common eye surgeries (e.g. cataract, glaucoma, ocular surface, Oculoplastic, squint, etc.).
Perform Laser Therapy ( like Laser PI, Capsulotomy, PRP..)
They can do ophthalmic Diagnostic test like Ocular Ultrasound, OCT, Fundus photo...
Refer speciality cases to the specific subspecialist if available.
Prescribe drugs and corrective lenses if needed.
6. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist: they are the highly trained and skilled on specific subspecialty ophthalmology cases to diagnose and treat at the highest possible level and maximum posible care for specific subspecialty cases.
#️⃣3 Duration of Program
1. 🤓 Optician: 3 Years (Diploma) training
2. 🥼 Optometrist: 4 Years (BSC degree of Optometry) from University
3. Ophthalmic Nurses: 4 years BSC degree of ophthalmic nurse from University
4. Ophthalmic Assistant: 1 years of Ophthalmic training for Clinical nurses (Diploma nurses of 3 years college training) , an Advanced Diploma
5. Cataract Surgeon: 4 years of Masters training program for Ophthalmic nurse or Ophtometry background( 4 years BSC training + at least 4 years experience of ophthalmic care ), on cataract surgery mainly .
6. 🩺 Opthalmologist : 4 years of specialty training on Ophthalmology Residency for Medical Doctor, MD whom trained 7 years on general human medicine at University, with 1 years of Internship + atleast 2-4 years of General practitioner practice
#️⃣4 How long to become Job ready?
1. 🤓 Optician: 3—4 years Registration/Certificate
2. 🥼 Optometrist: 5 Years (4 years University + 1 year Internship )
3. Ophthalmic nurse: 5 years (4 years University +1 years Internship)
4. Ophthalmic Assistant: 7 years (1 years University training, 3 years clinic nurse experience, 3 years diploma Nursing training at college)
5. Cataract Surgeon: 12 years (4 years Masters training on cataractsurgery, 4 years as BSC ophthalmic Nursing / optometry practitioner and experience, 4 years BSC Nursing/ Optometry training at University).
6. 🩺 Opthalmologist ~15 Years (4 years Ophthalmology Residency at University, 2-4 years of service or experience as General practitioner or general Medical Doctor, 1 year Internship & 6 Years Medicine study at University).
7. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist: 21 years (15 years to become Ophthalmologist + 4 years of service/ government commitment and experience + 2 years of Subspecialty fellowship training at abroad on International recognised Ophthalmology training center).
Note that Optometrists and Ophthalmologists are earning immediately after University throughout their Internship and residency.
#️⃣5 Career Opportunities
1. 🤓 Optician
👉Work in optical shops & hospitals fitting lenses.
👉Open your own optical business after experience.
2. 🥼 Optometrist
1. 👉Eye clinics, hospitals, NGOs, research institutes.
2. 👉Can own private optometry practice
and spectacle shops.
3. Can Participate on mass cataract surgery campaign for doing Biometry for cataract surgery cases, Pre Op cataract screening, post Cataract surgery care, health education, follo up and refraction for post cataract surgery patients on final follow up date.
4. 👉Work in vision care industries (contact lenses, low vision, public health).
3. 🩺 Opthalmologist and subspecialty Ophthalmologist
1. 👉Consultant in teaching/general hospitals or Tertiary referral Hospital .
2. 👉Private eye hospitals/clinics.
3. 👉Academic/research roles.
4. Can participate on the different mass cataract surgery outreach campaign
5. Can lead, Participate and organize on different non government Organizations whom work on the eye diseases.
Dr. Amare Atoma Gelalcha, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Consultant ophthalmologist and Eye Surgeon
Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation Subspecialist,
Jimma University, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Health institute
@HakimEthio | 3 344 |
| 5 | بدون متن... | 2 812 |
| 6 | Do you know the different types of eye care professionals?
An Ophthalmology department consists of a variety of professionals
1. Optician,
2. Optometrist,
3. Optalmic nurse
4. Optalmic Assistant
5. Cataract Surgeon and
6. Opthalmologist
7. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist
Subspecialty on one stream of Ophthalmology like
1. Lens, Cataract and IOL
2. Glaucoma
3. Cornea and external eye disease
4. Pediatrics Ophthalmology and strabismus
5. Vitreo retinal surgery
6. Uveitis and ocular Inflammatory disease
7. Oculoplastic and Orbital surgery
8. Neurophthalmology
9. Refractive surgery
10. Ocular oncology
11. Community Ophthalmology
12. Ocular pathology
13. Medical Retina
14. Low vision Rehabilitation specialist
etc....)
What's the difference? 🤔
#️⃣1 Level of Education.
1. 🤓 Optician has a diploma in Dispensing Opticianry/Optics
2. 🥼 Optometrist, has a BSC degree of optometry, has a first professional BSC degree in Optometry
3. Optalmic Nurse: has BSC degree nurse on ophthalmology or eye diseases
4. Optalmic Assistant: has advanced diploma, a clinical nurse by diploma plus a short term training of 1 year on eye diseases.
5. Cataract Surgeon: has Masters on cataract surgery, a 4 years training specialized on cataract surgery alone, Advanced training from BSC degree ophthalmic nurse or BSC optometry background.
6. 🩺 Opthalmologist has a Medical Doctor or MBBS degree + Residency training of 4 years in Ophthalmology to specialize on eye diseases and care.
7. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist: highly dedicated and Consultant on subspecialty stream of Ophthalmology specifically on one of the subspecialty or referal clinic like Glaucoma, Uvietis, medical retina, Cornea, Vitro retinal, oculoplat, pediatrics,...etc.
#️⃣2 What they do
1. 🤓 Optician: Design, fit, and dispense eyeglasses & contact lenses based on prescriptions by an Optometrist or Ophthalmologist. Also Adjust and repair spectacles.
Do not diagnose or treat eye diseases.
2. 🥼 Optometrist: Examine eyes, detect vision problems & eye diseases. Prescribe glasses, contact lenses, and some medications. Provide vision therapy & low vision care. Refer surgical and Speciality ophthalmic cases to ophthalmologists.
They can do Biometry, Visual field test and some diagnostic test as well as low vision Rehabilitation service.
3. Ophthalmic nurse and Ophtalmic Assistant: they can take visual acquiety, measure Intra ocular pressure, examine and diagnoses the eye, prescribe medicine for common eye diseases and they can perform minor eye surgery maily trachoma surgery.
Scribe and assist the Ophthalmologist on the major eye surgery and they can provide community eye health education on common eye diseases of puplic health interest.
4. Cataract Surgeon: mainly and lonely they master on cataract surgery: pre surgery evaluation and preparation of cataract for surgery, doing surgery of noncomplicated cataract cases and post cataract surgery care.,
They can also do patients examination, diagnosis and medicine prescriptions on common and general eye diseases.
They can do minor eye surgery and they will diagnosis and refer the ophthalmic cases which need general Ophthalmologist and subspecialty consultation.
5. 🩺 Opthalmologist: Is a Medical doctor specializing in eye Disease and treatment. Diagnose and treat all eye diseases, prescribe drug for all general eye diseases.
Perform all common eye surgeries (e.g. cataract, glaucoma, ocular surface, Oculoplastic, squint, etc.).
Perform Laser Therapy ( like Laser PI, Capsulotomy, PRP..)
They can do ophthalmic Diagnostic test like Ocular Ultrasound, OCT, Fundus photo...
Refer speciality cases to the specific subspecialist if available.
Prescribe drugs and corrective lenses if needed.
6. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist: they are the highly trained and skilled on specific subspecialty ophthalmology cases to diagnose and treat at the highest possible level and maximum posible care for specific subspecialty cases.
#️⃣3 Duration of Program
1. 🤓 Optician: 3 Years (Diploma) training
2. 🥼 Optometrist: 4 Years (BSC degree of Optometry) from University
3. Ophthalmic Nurses: 4 years BSC degree of ophthalmic nurse from University
4. Ophthalmic Assistant: 1 years of Ophthalmic training for Clinical nurses (Diploma nurses of 3 years college training) , an Advanced Diploma
5. Cataract Surgeon: 4 years of Masters training program for Ophthalmic nurse or Ophtometry background( 4 years BSC training + at least 4 years experience of ophthalmic care ), on cataract surgery mainly .
6. 🩺 Opthalmologist : 4 years of specialty training on Ophthalmology Residency for Medical Doctor, MD whom trained 7 years on general human medicine at University, with 1 years of Internship + atleast 2-4 years of General practitioner practice
#️⃣4 How long to become Job ready?
1. 🤓 Optician: 3—4 years Registration/Certificate
2. 🥼 Optometrist: 5 Years (4 years University + 1 year Internship )
3. Ophthalmic nurse: 5 years (4 years University +1 years Internship)
4. Ophthalmic Assistant: 7 years (1 years University training, 3 years clinic nurse experience, 3 years diploma Nursing training at college)
5. Cataract Surgeon: 12 years (4 years Masters training on cataractsurgery, 4 years as BSC ophthalmic Nursing / optometry practitioner and experience, 4 years BSC Nursing/ Optometry training at University).
6. 🩺 Opthalmologist ~15 Years (4 years Ophthalmology Residency at University, 2-4 years of service or experience as General practitioner or general Medical Doctor, 1 year Internship & 6 Years Medicine study at University).
7. Subspecialist Ophthalmologist: 21 years (15 years to become Ophthalmologist + 4 years of service/ government commitment and experience + 2 years of Subspecialty fellowship training at abroad on International recognised Ophthalmology training center).
Note that Optometrists and Ophthalmologists are earning immediately after University throughout their Internship and residency.
#️⃣5 Career Opportunities
1. 🤓 Optician
👉Work in optical shops & hospitals fitting lenses.
👉Open your own optical business after experience.
2. 🥼 Optometrist
1. 👉Eye clinics, hospitals, NGOs, research institutes.
2. 👉Can own private optometry practice
and spectacle shops.
3. Can Participate on mass cataract surgery campaign for doing Biometry for cataract surgery cases, Pre Op cataract screening, post Cataract surgery care, health education, follo up and refraction for post cataract surgery patients on final follow up date.
4. 👉Work in vision care industries (contact lenses, low vision, public health).
3. 🩺 Opthalmologist and subspecialty Ophthalmologist
1. 👉Consultant in teaching/general hospitals or Tertiary referral Hospital .
2. 👉Private eye hospitals/clinics.
3. 👉Academic/research roles.
4. Can participate on the different mass cataract surgery outreach campaign
5. Can lead, Participate and organize on different non government Organizations whom work on the eye diseases.
Dr. Amare Atoma Gelalcha, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Consultant ophthalmologist and Eye Surgeon
Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation Subspecialist,
Jimma University, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Health institute
@HakimEthio | 107 |
| 7 | Reaching the Invisible through Outreach Services: My Professional Reflection
Children are among the most vulnerable members of our society. Yet, some remain overlooked simply because of the circumstances in which they live.
Despite nearly three decades of clinical practice, I recently had a unique and deeply meaningful experience: leading a multidisciplinary team of health professionals on a clinical outreach mission to a women's prison in Addis Ababa.
Our primary objective was to evaluate children living with their incarcerated mothers for possible childhood heart diseases. The assessment included clinical examinations and transthoracic echocardiography when indicated.
Interestingly, ten percent of the children among the thirty screened were found to have congenital heart disease (CHD). These children were linked to the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia (CCE) for appropriate management.
Although this observation requires further investigation before drawing broader conclusions, it reinforces the importance of reaching vulnerable populations through targeted healthcare outreach.
I sincerely appreciate the attention and support provided by the relevant government authorities and the charitable organization working with these children. Their commitment demonstrates the value of collaboration in addressing the healthcare needs of disadvantaged communities.
I strongly recommend the expansion of outreach services to address not only congenital heart disease but also other essential pediatric health needs among children in similarly vulnerable circumstances.
Every child matters. Every child deserves care. No child with CHD should be left behind.
Thank you.
Azene D. Mengistu, M.D.
Consultant Pediatric Cardiologist
Founder, Pediatric Heart Initiative-Ethiopia
@HakimEthio | 2 905 |
| 8 | 📢 HISTORIC ANNOUNCEMENT | EEA’S FIRST-EVER VIRTUAL WEBINAR
The Ethiopian Epidemiological Association (EEA) is delighted to announce its first-ever virtual webinar, marking an important milestone in advancing epidemiology, strengthening professional collaboration, and shaping the future of public health in Ethiopia.
🎯 WEBINAR THEME
The Past, Present, and Future of Epidemiology: From Classical Methods to Digital and Precision Public Health
🎙️ DISTINGUISHED SPEAKERS
We are honored to bring together distinguished professors and experts from leading Ethiopian health and academic institutions to share their insights and expertise.
🔹 Professor Sileshi Garoma
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
Topic: The Importance of EEA for the Ethiopian Health System and Future Perspectives.
🔹 Professor Delenasaw Yewhalaw
Jimma University
Topic: The Future of Epidemiology: Digital Health, AI, Precision Public Health, and Emerging Opportunities.
🔹 Professor Yemane Berhane
Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH)
Topic: The Past and Present of Epidemiology: Foundations, Milestones, and Contributions to Public Health.
🔹 Professor Habteyes Hailu Tola
Salale University, College of Health Sciences
Topic: Applying Epidemiology in Ethiopia: Research, Health Systems, Policy, and Practice.
🎤 Moderator: Bikila Regasa, PhD Candidate. Wollaga University
📅 Date: November 5, 2026
🕒 Time: 3:00–4:40 PM, Ethiopia time
💻 Platform: Virtual
👥 WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Epidemiologists, public health professionals, researchers, students, policymakers, and everyone interested in advancing epidemiology and public health.
🌍 WHY PARTICIPATE?
✅ Learn from distinguished professors and experts.
✅ Explore the evolution and future of epidemiology.
✅ Discover emerging opportunities in digital health, AI, and precision public health.
✅ Exchange ideas and engage in scientific discussions.
✅ Connect with colleagues and contribute to strengthening EEA.
📝 REGISTER NOW!
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdbpIhQDVrsXYTHySU3ynqbrR_jn2CLw893C-O0w1zcGbUmww/viewform?usp=publish-editor
Be part of this historic milestone as we bring together expertise, experience, and new perspectives to shape the future of epidemiology in Ethiopia.
Learn from Experts. Connect with Colleagues. Shape the Future of Epidemiology.
Organized by the Ethiopian Epidemiological Association (EEA).
#EEA #Epidemiology #PublicHealth #DigitalHealth #ArtificialIntelligence #PrecisionPublicHealth #Ethiopia #Webinar
@HakimEthio | 2 718 |
| 9 | ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር : Breast Cancer
ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር ማለት፡ ኣብ ሕብረ ህዋሳት ጡብ ዝርከቡ ህዋሳት (cells) ብዘይ ቁጽጽር ክዓብዩን ክባዝሑን ከለዉ ዝፍጠር ሕማም እዩ። ኣብ መጀመርታ እንተተለልዩ፡ ብዝግባእ ሕክምና ናይ ምፍዋስ ዕድሉ ክሰፍሕ ይኽእል። እዚ ሕማም ኣብ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ብብዝሒ ይርከብ፡ ኣብ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ እውን ክፍጠር ይኽእል።
1. ዓይነታት ጡብ ካንሰር
1. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
ካንሰር ህዋሳት ኣብ ቱቦታት ጡብ (milk ducts) ይርከቡ፡ ገና ናይ ጥቕኦም ሕብረ ህዋስ ኣይወረሩን። Non-invasive breast cancer ተባሂሉ እውን ይጽዋዕ።
2. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)
ኣብ ቱቦታት ዝጀመረ ካንሰር ናብ ከባቢኡ ዘሎ ሕብረ ህዋስ ይዝርጋሕ። እዚ ካብ ዝበዝሑ ዓይነታት ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር እዩ።
3. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)
ኣብ ኣፍረይቲ ጸባ ክፍልታት (lobules) ዝጅምር ኮይኑ ናብ ጡብ ብሰፊሑ ክዝርጋሕ ይኽእል።
4. Inflammatory breast cancer
ጡብ ቀይሕ፡ ዝተነፍሐ፡ ውዑይ ወይ ቆርበቱ ከም ቆርቆሮ ብርቱካን (peau d’orange) ክመስል ይኽእል። ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ጭቡጥ ጕብጣት ከይተራእየ ይፍጠር።
2. ምኽንያታትን ናይ ሓደጋ ረቛሒታትን (Risk factors)
ብሓደ ዝተፈለጠ ምኽንያት ኣይኮነን ኩሉ ግዜ ዝፍጠር። ሓደጋ ዘዕብዩ ረቛሒታት እዚኦም ይርከብዎም፦
👉 ዕድመ: ምስ ዕድመ እናወሰኸ ሓደጋ ይውስኽ።
👉 ስድራቤታዊ ታሪኽ: ኣደ፡ ሓፍቲ፡ ጓል ወይ ካልእ ቀረባ ኣዝማድ እዚ ሕማም እንተነይርዎም።
👉 ዘረመላዊ ለውጢ: BRCA1 ወይ BRCA2 ዝበሃሉ ጂን ለውጥታት።
👉 ሆርሞናት: ኣብ ንውሕ ዝበለ ግዜ ተጽዕኖ ኤስትሮጅን ምህላው።
👉 ቀደም ኣብ ጡብ ካንሰር ወይ ዝተወሰኑ ኣደገኛ ዘይኮኑ ለውጥታት ኣብ ጡብ ምንባር።
👉 ኣብ ንእስነት ኣብ ከባቢ ጡብ ራድየሽን (radiotherapy) ምቕባል።
👉 ምንቅስቓስ ምጉዳል፡ ልዕሊ ዓቐን ክብደት፡ ኣልኮል ምስታይ።
ኣገዳሲ: ረቛሒታት ሓደጋ እንተሃለዉኻ እቲ ሕማም ብግድን ክሕዘካ ማለት ኣይኮነን። ብዙሓት ሕሙማት እውን ግሉጽ ዝኾነ ረቛሒ ሓደጋ የብሎምን።
3. ምልክታት ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር
እቶም ኣገደስቲ ምልክታት፦
👉 ሕበጥ (Breast lump): ኣብ ጡብ ወይ መኮራኹዕቲ (armpit) ዝርከብ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ቃንዛ ኣይህልዎን።
👉 ለውጢ ቅርጺ ወይ ዓቐን ጡብ።
👉 ምጭብባጥ ቆርበት (Skin dimpling):
👉 ቆርበት ጡብ ናብ ውሽጢ ምስሓብ።
👉 ጫፍ ጡብ ናብ ውሽጢ ምእታው፣ ብፍላይ ሓድሽ ለውጢ እንተኾይኑ።
👉 ፈሳሲ ካብ ጫፍ ጡብ: ብፍላይ ደም ዝሓዘ ወይ ብዘይ ምጥባው ባዕሉ ዝወጽእ።
👉 ምቕያር ቀለም ወይ ቆርበት ብርቱካን ምምሳል።
👉 ምሕባጥ ብትሕቲ ኩርናዕ ኢድ።
👉 ኣብ ዝተስፋሕፍሐ ሕማም፡ ቃንዛ ኣዕጽምቲ፡ ሕጽረት ትንፋስ፡ ዘይምንቡር ርእስ ቃንዛ ወይ ድኻም ክህሉ ይኽእል።
እዞም ምልክታት ኩሎም ካንሰር ማለት ኣይኮኑን፤ ግን ሓድሽ ጭቡጥ፡ ለውጢ ጫፍ ጡብ ወይ ደማዊ ፈሳሲ እንተሃልዩ ብቕልጡፍ ኣብ ሕክምና ክትምርመር ኣለካ።
4. ከመይ ጌርካ ይምርመር (Diagnosis)
ንጡብ ካንሰር ንምልላይ ብሓፈሻ Triple assessment ይጥቀሙ።
1. Clinical examination — ምርመራ ብሓኪም
ታሪኽ ሕማም ምውሳድ፡ ጡብ ብኢድ ምርመራ፡ ብትሕቲ መንኮራኹዕትን ኣብ ከባቢ ክሳድን ዘለዉ ፅክታት/Lymph nodes ምፍታሽ።
2.Imaging — ምስሊ ምርመራ
Ultrasound:ሕበጥ ፈሳሲ ዝመልኦ ድዩ ወይ ደረቕ ሕብረ ህዋስ እዩ ንምፍላይ።
Mammography: ብX-ray ዝግበር ምርመራ።
MRI: ኣብ ዝተመርጹ ኩነታት፡ ከም ልዑል ዘረመላዊ ሓደጋ ንዘለዎም
3. Biopsy — ናይ ሕብረ ህዋስ ናሙና
ብመርፍእ (ብፍላይ core needle biopsy) ናሙና ይውሰድ፡ ብpathologist ይምርመር።
Biopsy ካንሰር እንተሃልዩ ብሕብረ ህዋስ ዘረጋግጽ ቀንዲ መንገዲ እዩ ።
ኣብ biopsy ዝርአ ኣገዳሲ ነገር
ER (Estrogen receptor): ካንሰር ህዋሳት ንሆርሞን ኤስትሮጅን ምላሽ ይህቡ ድዮም? የረጋግፅ።
PR (Progesterone receptor): ንፕሮጀስተሮን ምላሽ ይህቡ ድዮም?
HER2: እዚ ፕሮቲን ብዝበዝሐ ይርከብ ድዩ?
Grade: ህዋሳት ክንደይ ካብ ንቡር ህዋሳት ዝተፈልዩ እዮም፡ ክሳብ ክንደይ ብቕልጡፍ ክዓብዩ ከም ዝኽእሉ ንምግምጋም።
እዞም ውጽኢታት ኣየናይ መድሃኒት ከም ዝሕግዝ ኣብ ምምራጽ ኣገዳሲ እዮም።
5. ደረጃታት ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር (Stages 0–IV)
Stage 0 — In situ
ህዋሳት ካንሰር ኣብ ቱቦታት ጡብ ተወሲኖም ይርከቡ፤ ገና ናብ ከባቢ ሕብረ ህዋስ ኣይወረሩን።
Stage I — ቀዳማይ ደረጃ
ብሓፈሻ ኣብ ጡብ ዝተወሰነ ንእሽቶ ካንሰር፤ ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ንኣሽቱ ሊምፍ ኖድስ ክሳተፉ ይኽእሉ።
Stage II — ካልኣይ ደረጃ
ካንሰር ዓቐኑ ዝዓበየ ክኸውን ወይ ናብ ቀረባ ሊምፍ ኖድስ ክዝርጋሕ ይኽእል።
Stage III — ሳልሳይ ደረጃ
ዝዓበየ ካንሰር ወይ ናብ ብዙሓት ከባቢያዊ ሊምፍ ኖድስ፡ ቆርበት ጡብ ወይ ግድግዳ ደረት ዝተዘርግሐ።
Stage IV—ራብዓይ ደረጃ (Metastatic)
ካንሰር ናብ ርሑቕ ኣካላት፡ ከም ኣዕጽምቲ፡ ሳንባ፡ ጸላም ከብዲ ወይ ሓንጎል ተዘርጊሑ። ሕክምና ንምቁጽጻር ሕማምን ንምፅናሕ ህይወትን የተኮር።
ደረጃ ካንሰር ብመጠን ሕበጥ ጥራይ ኣይውሰንን፤ ናይ ሊምፍ ኖድስ ኩነታት፡ ርሑቕ ምዝርጋሕ፡ grade ከምኡ'ውን ER/PR/HER2 ውጽኢት ይካተቱ እዮም።
6. ሕክምና ጡብ ካንሰር (Treatment)
ሕክምና ኣብ ደረጃ ሕማም፡ ዓይነት ካንሰር፡ ER/PR/HER2 ውጽኢት፡ ዕድመ፡ ኩነታት ጥዕናን ምርጫ ሕሙምን ይምርኮስ። መብዛሕትኦም ሕሙማት ሓደ ዓይነት ሕክምና ጥራይ ኣይወስዱን።
1. መጥባሕቲ (Surgery)
Lumpectomy: እቲ ካንሰርን ዙርያኡ ዘሎ ገለ ጥዑይ ሕብረ ህዋስን ምእላይ፤ እቲ ዝተረፈ ጡብ ይፀንሕ።
Mastectomy: ኩሉ ጡብ ወይ እቲ ብዝሒ ዘለዎ ክፋል ምእላይ።
Sentinel lymph node biopsy: ካንሰር ናብ መጀመርታ ዝበጽሖም ሊምፍ ኖድስ እንተተዘርጊሑ ምፍላጥ።
Axillary lymph node dissection: ኣብ ዝተመርጹ ኩነታት ናይ መንኮራኹዕቲ ሊምፍ ኖድስ ምእላይ።
2. Radiotherapy— ሕክምና ራድየሽን
ብርሃን ራድየሽን ተጠቒምካ ዝተረፉ ካንሰር ህዋሳት ንምጥፋእን እንደገና ናይ ምምጻእ ሓደጋ ንምንካይን ይጥቀሙሉ። ድሕሪ lumpectomy ብብዙሕ ግዜ ይወሃብ።
3. Chemotherapy — ኬሞቴራፒ
ካንሰር ህዋሳት ንምጥፋእ ወይ ዕብየቶም ንምክልኻል መድሃኒታት ይጥቀሙ።
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: ቅድሚ መጥባሕቲ፡ እቲ ሕበጥ ንምንካይ።
Adjuvant chemotherapy: ድሕሪ መጥባሕቲ፡ ኣብ ኣካል ተሪፎም ክኾኑ ዝኽእሉ ካንሰር ህዋሳት ንምጥፋእ።
4. Hormonal therapy — ሆርሞናዊ ሕክምና
ER-positive ወይ PR-positive ካንሰር ኣብ ምሕካም ይጠቅም።
5. Targeted therapy— ዝተመርጸ ሕክምና
ንዝተወሰኑ ባህርያት ናይ ካንሰር ህዋሳት ዝጻረሩ መድሃኒታት እዮም።
ንኣብነት trastuzumab ንHER2-positive ካንሰር።
6. Immunotherapy — ሕክምና ብመከላኸሊ ስርዓት
ኣብ ዝተመርጹ ብፍላይ triple-negative breast cancer ኩነታት፡ ከከም ደረጃን ውጽኢት ምርመራን ክጥቀሙሉ ይኽእሉ።
ኣገዳሲ: ካንሰር ኣብ ደረጃ IV እንተበጺሑ እውን ሕክምና ኣሎዎ። ዕላማኡ ንዕብየት ሕማም ምቁጽጻር፡ ምልክታት ምንካይን ጽሬት ህይወት ምምሕያሽን ክኸውን ይኽእል።
7. ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር መከላኸሊን ቀዲምካ ምልላይን
ኩሉ ጡብ ካንሰር ምክልኻል ኣይከኣልን፤ እንተኾነ እዞም ስጉምትታት ይሕግዙ፦
♦️ስሩዕ ኣካላዊ ምንቅስቓስ ምግባር።
♦️ጥዑይ ክብደት ምሕላው።
♦️ኣልኮል ካብ ምስታይ ምቑጣብ።
♦️ስድራቤታዊ ታሪኽ እንተሃልዩ ንሓኪም ምንጋር።
♦️ንዕድመን ናይ ሓደጋ ደረጃን ዝሰማማዕ ምርመራ ምግባር።
♦️Self-examination—ጡብካ ባዕልኻ ምፍታሽ
📍ኣብ መስትያት ኣብ ቅርጺ፡ ዓቐን፡ ጫፍ ጡብን ቆርበትን ለውጢ እንተሃልዩ ምምልካት።
📍ብጫፍ ኣጻብዕትኻ ኣብ ልዕሊ ጡብ ብቀስታ ምፍታሽ።
📍ካብ መኮራኹዕቲ ሕበጥ እንተሃልዩ ምድህሳስ
📍ዝኾነ ሓድሽ ለውጢ እንተረኺብካ፡ ምስ ሓኪም ምርኻብ።
ዓርስኻ ምፍታሽ ጠቓሚ ምልክታት ንምርካብ እኳ እንተሓገዘ፡ ምርመራ ብሓኪም ወይ mammography ኣይትክእን።
8. ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር ናይ ምፍዋስ ዕድል (Prognosis)
ናይ ምፍዋስ ዕድል ኣብ እዞም ነገራት ይምርኮስ፦
❗ካንሰር ኣብ ኣየናይ ደረጃ ከም ዝተረኽበ።
❗ዓቐን ሕበጥን ሊምፍ ኖድስ እንተሃልዮምን።
❗ER፡ PR፡ HER2 ውጽኢት።
❗Grade ናይቲ ካንሰር።
❗እቲ ሕሙም ንሕክምና ዝህቦ ምላሽ።
ብሓፈሻ ካንሰር ኣብ ቀዳሞት ደረጃታት እንተተለልዩ፡ ናይ ምፍዋስ ዕድሉ ዝሓሸ እዩ።
9. መዓስ ናብ ሕክምና ክትከይድ ኣለካ?
✔️ሓድሽ ሕበጥ ኣብ ጡብ ወይ መንኮራኹዕቲ
✔️ደም ዝሓዘ ፈሳሲ ካብ ጫፍ ጡብ።
✔️ጫፍ ጡብ ብሓድሽ ኩነታት ናብ ውሽጢ ምእታው።
✔️ቆርበት ጡብ ምጭብባጥ፡ ምቕያር ቀለም
✔️ጡብ ቀይሕን ውዑይን ኮይኑ ብቕልጡፍ እንተሓቢጡ፡ ብፍላይ ምስ ረስኒ፡ ኣብ ቀረባ ግዜ ሕክምና ውሰድ፤ እዚ ኢንፌክሽን ወይ inflammatory breast cancer ክኸውን ይኽእል።
References
1. Schwatz's principles of surgery,11th edition
2. https://www.who.int/
World health organization, 3 July 2026.
3. https://www.cancer.gov/
USA national cancer institute
4. https://chatgpt.com/s/t_6adee277460481919b86f7ae4db11452
Dr. Gebremedhin Araya,
General surgery resident, PGY-lll
St Paul's hospital millennium medical college
@HakimEthio | 3 196 |
| 10 | بدون متن... | 2 751 |
| 11 | Post-menopausal vaginal bleeding causing severe anemia due to leech infestation: a case report
Zelalem Girma Moges, Dereje Yadesa Erenso
https://www.ovid.com/jnls/ijscr/fulltext/10.1097/rc9.0000000000001214~post-menopausal-vaginal-bleeding-causing-severe-anemia-due
To send your papers use @HakimAds
@HakimEthio | 3 139 |
| 12 | Skilled birth delivery and its predictors in sub-Saharan Africans using a multilevel analysis and propensity score matching modelling
Derese Eshetu Debela, Degefa Gomora, Girma Beressa, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Daniel Atlaw, Neway Ejigu, Yaregal Admasu Alelign, Belda Negesa Beyene, Ethiopia Nigusu Tefera & Lillian Mwanri
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-65494-5
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@HakimEthio | 2 913 |
| 13 | Fathers Involvement in Child Feeding and Its Determinants Among Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in Fiche Town, Central Ethiopia: Evidence From a Community-Based Study
Ethiopia Nigusu Tefera, Mathewos Mekonnen, Ayele Tilahun, Degefa Gomora, Belda Negesa Beyene, and Derese Eshetu Debela
https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225261487030
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| 14 | Endoscopic management of benign esophageal strictures at a tertiary center in sub-Saharan Africa: a retrospective cohort study from Ethiopia
Eden Bisrat Wolde, Amir Sultan Seid & Zelalem Tadesse Wondimu
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12876-026-05357-5
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| 15 | Prevalence of person-centered maternity care during childbirth and its predictors among women who gave birth in health facilities of East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Yaregal Admasu Alelign, Chernet Getnet, Alemitu Ayele, Derese Eshetu Debela, Degefa Gomora, Aynamaw Embiale,Yordanos Sintayehu, Neway Ejigu
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005909
To send your papers use @HakimAds
@HakimEthio | 2 687 |
| 16 | From 660 Grams to a Future Full of Hope; a journey at the Neonatal Unit of Hawassa University CMHS.
At just 26 weeks of gestation and weighing only 660 grams, a tiny baby boy entered the world, beginning a journey that would test the strength of his family and demonstrate the extraordinary impact of compassionate, skilled neonatal care.
For his mother, this pregnancy carried the weight of four previous losses. For his father, the fear of losing another child was so profound that he hesitated to give his son a name. Naming him meant allowing himself to hope again, when hope had already brought so much pain.
And so, for the first days of his life, he remained unnamed. Then, at around two weeks of age, his father gave him a name. A name that would accompany a little boy whose journey was already becoming a story of courage, perseverance, and hope.
A tiny baby, an extraordinary beginning
Born extremely preterm at 26 weeks, he weighed just 660 grams. He required intensive, specialized care from the very beginning. He was admitted to NICU on CPAP and required one dose of surfactant, he was off oxygen shortly at the end of the 1st week.
Yet his journey was about much more than respiratory support. It was about the many careful decisions and countless acts of dedication that helped protect his fragile life.
Our amazing nursing team provided continuous vigilance, warmth, and gentle bedside care with minimal handling protecting his fragile brain. The residents assessed him, monitored his progress, responded to changing needs, and worked tirelessly to anticipate complications. The consultants brought clinical expertise, thoughtful decision-making, and leadership throughout his admission.
Together, they created a team around one shared goal: giving him the best possible chance to survive and thrive.
Protecting a future, not just a life
At 26 weeks, survival alone was never enough. Protecting his developing brain, eyes and lungs, and was equally important.
The team prioritized neuroprotective care and minimal handling, recognizing that every intervention needed to be purposeful and gentle. His care focused on maintaining stability, minimizing unnecessary disturbances, and supporting his development during this critical period.
Every assessment, every carefully coordinated procedure, and every quiet moment of rest mattered.
A gift that nourished hope
In his earliest days, he received donated expressed breast milk (DEBM) through Ethiopia's pioneering human milk bank —the first of its kind in the country.
For a baby weighing just 660 grams, this was more than a nutritional intervention. It was a gift made possible by another mother's generosity, the dedication of the milk bank team, and a shared commitment to giving vulnerable newborns the best possible start.
As he grew stronger, maternal feeding and kangaroo mother care became important parts of his journey.
For a family that had endured so much uncertainty, every gram gained brought another reason to hope.
His progress reflected days of careful monitoring, feeding advancement, temperature regulation, and countless bedside decisions. Behind every milestone stood nurses, residents, and consultants working together with skill, patience, and compassion.
The reassuring milestones continued: cranial ultrasound showed no intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and his retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening was normal.
Finally, at 1,500 grams, he was ready to leave the hospital for home KMC.
A victory that belongs to the whole team, his story belongs to his mother and father who stand by their son on every aspect of his journey with continuous love , care and prayer. It belongs to the nursing team, whose vigilance and gentle care protected him day and night; to the residents, whose commitment helped guide his daily management; and to the consultants, whose experience and leadership supported the team through this remarkable journey.
It also belongs to the donor mother whose milk nourished him, and to everyone who helped make that gift possible.
No single intervention explains the outcome. His journey reflects the combined impact of evidence-informed care, teamwork, careful monitoring, family involvement, and compassion delivered consistently every day.
For a family that had known the pain of loss, his discharge at 1,500 grams marked the beginning of a new chapter.
For the neonatal team, it was a reminder of why every small patient deserves our very best.
To our incredible nurses, dedicated residents, and committed consultants: thank you for turning knowledge into care, teamwork into strength, and a fragile beginning into a story filled with possibility.
Sometimes, the smallest babies leave the biggest lessons about courage, compassion, and the power of working together.
[Photo and story shared with the informed consent of his parents]
Dr. Selome Tsigedingle
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Hhild Health
Consultant Neonatologist
HUCMHS NICU Head
@HakimEthio | 3 973 |
| 17 | بدون متن... | 3 286 |
| 18 | ✨ የጤና ዘርፉን ወደ አዲስ የልህቀት ምዕራፍ!
👏በያኔት ሆስፒታል ቁጥር #03 ሀዋሳ በአይነቱ ልዩ የሆነ እና የሰው ሰራሽ አስተውሎ (AI) የተገጠመለት ከሂሊየም ጋዝ ነፃ የሆነ 32 ቻናል 1.5 Tesla MRI በደማቁ ተመርቋል፡፡
ይህን ዘመናዊ የኤም.አር .አይ ቴክኖሎጂ ከሂሊየም ሙሌት ነፃ እና 32- channel መሆኑ በሀገራችን የመጀመሪያ ያደርገዋል፡፡
ይህ ከ200 ሚሊዮን ብር በላይ የኢንቨስትመንት ካፒታል የተቋቋመው የMRI ፕሮጀክት በትናንትናው ዕለት በሀዋሳ ከተማ በደማቅ ስነ-ስረዓት ተመርቋል::
ይህ ቴክኖሎጂ ለአካባቢ ጥበቃ (Green Healthcare) ልዩ ድርሻ ያለውና ለተደጋጋሚ ሂሊየም ሙሌት የውጪ ምንዛሬ ወጪን ከመቀነስ ባሻገር በMRI ምርመራ ወቅት የሚኖረውን የሚረብሽ ድምፅ (noise) በከፍተኛ ሁኔታ በመቀነስ በምርመራ ወቅት የሚኖር የታካሚዎች ምቾት ማጣትን በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ያሻሽላል::
👐32-channel መሆኑ ከዚህ ቀደም የማይሰሩ የነበሩ ረቂቅ የሆኑ የደረትና የልብ እንዲሁም የነርቭ ምርመራን ጨምሮ በርካታ የMRI ምርመራ ፕሮቶኮሎችን መስራት ያስችላል::
ከቁሳዊ የአካል (Structural) ችግሮች በተጨማሪ በርካታ የሰዉነት አሰራር ችግሮች (Functional) ችግሮችን በመለየት ረገድ ጉልህ አስተዋፅዖ አለው::
ይህ ፕሮጀክት የምርመራ ጥራትን ለማሳደግ ፣ የተለያዩ የሕክምና ስፔሻሊቲዎችን ለመደገፍ እና ከተለያዩ የሀገራችን እንዲሁም ጐረቤት ሀገራት የሚመጡ የታካሚዎችን የሪፈራል አገልግሎት በማጠናከር ለሀዋሳ ከተማ የጤና ቱሪዝም ትልቅ አስተዋጽኦ ይኖረዋል።
በተጨማሪም ያኔት ሆስፒታል ከወራት በፊት ያስመረቃቸውን 128 slice CT scan: CT Angiography ፣ Virtual Colonoscopy እና Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory ማዕከል ተከትሎ ፣ የዚህ ፕሮጀክት ስራ መጀመር በበሽታ ልየታ (Diagnostic Services) ሀዋሳን የዘርፉ ትልቅ የልህቀት ከተማ ያደርጋታል!
አሁን በሀዋሳ እና ዙሪያዋ የምትገኙ ሀኪሞች ፣ የጤና ባለሙያዎች የኢሜጂንግ ምርመራዎችን እና ከፍተኛ የላቦራቶሪ ምርመራዎችን በልበ ሙሉነት ወደ ያኔት ሆስፒታሎች በመላክ የሚተማመኑበትን ውጤት በጥራት እና በፍጥነት በማግኘት ተገልጋዮችን ከአላስፈላጊ እንግልት ፡ ባለሙያዎች ደግሞ የተረጋገጠ እና የሚተማመኑበት የህክምና አጋዥ ውሳኔ ማግኘት እንደምትችሉ ስናበስር በታላቅ ደስታ ነው፡፡
አድራሻ: ሀዋሳ ፣ ዳቶ ሰፈር (ያኔት ሆስፒታል #03)
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| 19 | بدون متن... | 3 424 |
| 20 | SPECIALITIES AND SUBSPECIALITIES
I belong to an era when medical specialities and subspecialties were limited to a few hospitals in the country.
Actually when I joined the medical school at AAU in the late 1970’s the first group of residents in internal medicine and surgery (perhaps pediatrics, obs/gyn & ophthalmology also) had just been admitted to their residency programs.
It took 20+ years for residency programs to start in other medical schools and local fellowship (subspecialty) programs started very recently with the first programs taking in trainees in 2008/9.
At present residency programs are present in numerous medical schools and hospitals in the country with the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) having taken the role of assigning residents to the different programs in a centrally run matching scheme.
Fellowship programs also run in several centers with recruitment at the discretion of each fellowship program. While the expansion of training programs of all kinds is a commendable endeavor issues like employability of the graduates and the quality of the training programs must be addressed.
Our educational system can definitely be blamed for being very conservative looking at our history of very slow expansion of undergraduate medical education, residency as well as fellowship training.
On the flip side currently the speed with which graduates of a new training program go on to start new programs in their respective places is frightening. You have one fellowship program that struggled to train its first group of trainees because of shortage of resources of all sorts and two years later you have three or four new programs in centers that are less resourced than the original training center and run by freshly minted graduates. Isn’t it perhaps time that we pause, take a breath and reexamine our approach to starting training programs in our medical schools and centers.
One related issue that worries me is the undue emphasis on specialties and subspecialties in all medical institutions, private or public, urban or rural, university affiliated or not. Where does this drive leave those professionals who are the foundation of our health services?
Our general practitioners do the bulk of the clinical work in the outpatient and inpatient departments of our health centers and hospitals. Their broad understanding of people and diseases should be respected and properly utilized.
Many may choose to become specialists and sub specialists but many will remain as GPs and they must be given their rightful place in the health care system.
In a properly structured system GPs are the gateways into the health care system reducing fragmentation of patient care by specialities. With the speed with which we are promoting sub specailization within the major specialities, the general internist, the general surgeon, the pediatrician and the obstetrician/gynecologist may be pushed to the side.
If we continuously bombard the public with glamorous stories of care by sub-specialists why would anyone see the internist or the general surgeon? If we intentionally or unintentionally make it appear that all diabetics must see an endocrinologist/diabetologist or every woman with cholelithiasis should see a hepatobiliary surgeon how can the system function efficiently?
In places from whom we copied our curricula and systems of practice most patients with diabetes for example are managed by middle level health professionals like nurse practitioners and physician assistants. These patients may of course be seen by an internist and or endocrinologist from time to time according to protocol.
I am not sure if the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) has general guidelines on how the system would function given the presence of professionals with different levels of training in each health institution.
A rather small last point is about the recent emphasis on the label sub specialist and the love for the label by professionals. In the past one would say he is an endocrinologist and he/she would assume people know he /she is an internist too. Similarly if someone says he/she is a colorectal surgeon the assumption is that he is a general surgeon too.
Instead of saying I am an endocrinologist these days we say ‘ I am an internist and a sub specialist in endocrinology’. Why do we continuously rub in the sub specialist prefix? Is it a marketing gimmick or our love for titles, a carryover from the past ….like ደጃዝማች (DEJAZMATCH), ፊታውራሪ (FITAWRARI,) etc
I will be happy to hear the opinions of others
Yewondwossen Tadesse Mengistu MD
Nephrologist, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University
@HakimEthio | 3 803 |
