Hakim

الذهاب إلى القناة على Telegram

Ethiopian blend of Medicine, History and Humor.

إظهار المزيد

📈 نظرة تحليلية على قناة تيليجرام Hakim

تُعد قناة Hakim (@hakimethio) في القطاع اللغوي Amharic لاعباً نشطاً. يضم المجتمع حالياً 60 577 مشتركاً، محتلاً المرتبة 238 في فئة الطب والمرتبة 523 في منطقة Ethiopia.

📊 مؤشرات الجمهور والحراك

منذ تأسيسه في невідомо، حقق المشروع نمواً سريعاً وجمع 60 577 مشتركاً.

بحسب آخر البيانات بتاريخ 11 يونيو, 2026، تحافظ القناة على نشاط مستقر. خلال آخر 30 يوماً تغيّر عدد الأعضاء بمقدار 706، وفي آخر 24 ساعة بمقدار 61، مع بقاء الوصول العام مرتفعاً.

حالة التحقق: غير موثّقة
معدل التفاعل (ER): يبلغ متوسط تفاعل الجمهور 10.65‎%. وخلال أول 24 ساعة من النشر يحصد المحتوى عادةً 7.91‎% من ردود الفعل نسبةً إلى إجمالي المشتركين.
وصول المنشورات: يحصل كل منشور على متوسط 6 450 مشاهدة. وخلال اليوم الأول يجمع عادةً 4 791 مشاهدة.
التفاعلات والاستجابة: يتفاعل الجمهور بانتظام؛ متوسط التفاعلات لكل منشور يبلغ 40.
الاهتمامات الموضوعية: يركز المحتوى على مواضيع رئيسية مثل patient, ethiopia, disease, ነው።, medicine.

📝 الوصف وسياسة المحتوى

يصف المؤلف القناة بأنها مساحة للتعبير عن الآراء الذاتية:
“Ethiopian blend of Medicine, History and Humor.”

بفضل وتيرة التحديث المرتفعة (أحدث البيانات بتاريخ 12 يونيو, 2026) تحافظ القناة على حداثتها ومستوى وصول مرتفع. وتُظهر التحليلات تفاعلاً نشطاً من الجمهور، ما يجعلها نقطة تأثير مهمة ضمن فئة الطب.

60 577

المشتركون

+6124 ساعات

+2817 أيام

+70630 أيام

6 450

عرض المشاهدات

~ 4 79124 ساعات

~ 5 54348 ساعات

10.65%

معدل المشاركة

~ 22

المشاركات في اليوم

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ሀኪሜ | ዶክተርዬ | My Doctor

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التاريخ	نمو المشتركين	الإشارات	القنوات
12 يونيو	+2
11 يونيو	+61
10 يونيو	+103
09 يونيو	+69
08 يونيو	+14
07 يونيو	+4
06 يونيو	+21
05 يونيو	+35
04 يونيو	+96
03 يونيو	+61
02 يونيو	+22
01 يونيو	+5

منشورات القناة

‎ “ኢንሱሊን ከተጀመረ የስኳር በሽታው ተስፋ የሌለው ሆኗል” ‎ ‎✅ እውነታ (Fact): ኢንሱሊን (Insulin) መጠቀም የበሽታው መጨረሻ ማለት አይደለም። ብዙ ጊዜ የደም ስኳርን በትክክል ለመቆጣጠር እና የአካል ጉዳትን ለመከላከል የሚረዳ አስፈላጊ ሕክምና ነው። ‎ ‎ብዙ ሰዎች: ‎ • “ኢንሱሊን የሚሰጠው በሽታው በጣም ሲባባስ ብቻ ነው” ‎• “ከጀመሩት መዳን የለም” ‎• “ኪኒኑ አልሰራም ማለት ነው” ‎ብለው ያስባሉ። ‎ ‎❗ ይህ ለምን ስህተት ሆነ? ‎ ‎ምክንያቱም ኢንሱሊን ብዙ የተለያዩ ሁኔታዎች ላይ ሊያስፈልግ ይችላል- በሽታው “ተስፋ የሌለው” ስለሆነ አይደለም። ‎ ‎⚠️ ኢንሱሊን የሚያስፈልግባቸው ሁኔታዎች: ‎ ‎• በType 1 Diabetes ‎ሰውነት ኢንሱሊን ማምረት ስለማይችል ኢንሱሊን ሕይወት ለማዳን አስፈላጊ ነው። ‎ ‎• በType 2 Diabetes ‎ኪኒኖች ብቻ በቂ ካልሆኑ ወይም የደም ስኳር በጣም ከፍ ካለ ኢንሱሊን ሊያስፈልግ ይችላል። ‎ ‎• ከባድ ኢንፌክሽን፣ ቀዶ ጥገና ወይም ሌላ ከባድ ሕመም ሲኖር ‎የደም ስኳር ስለሚጨምር ለጊዜው ኢንሱሊን ሊያስፈልግ ይችላል። ‎ ‎• በእርግዝና አንዳንድ የስኳር በሽተኞች ለእናቱና ለሕፃኑ ደህንነት ኢንሱሊን ሊጠቀሙ ይችላሉ። ‎ ‎• በDKA ወይም HHS ‎እነዚህ አስቸኳይ እና ከፍተኛ የስኳር መዛባቶች ሲኖሩ ኢንሱሊን አስፈላጊ ነው። ‎ ‎⚠️ ኢንሱሊንን በፍርሃት መተው ወይም መዘግየት ሊያስከትለው የሚችለው: ‎• የኩላሊት ጉዳት ‎• የዓይን ጉዳት ‎• የነርቭ ጉዳት ‎• የልብ በሽታ ‎• ኮማ ወይም ሞት ‎ ‎❗ አንዳንድ ሰዎች “ኢንሱሊን ከጀመርኩ በኋላ ታመምኩ” ብለው ያስባሉ፣ ነገር ግን ብዙ ጊዜ ሕክምናው የተጀመረው በሽታው አስቀድሞ ስለባሰ ነው። ‎ ‎✅ ኢንሱሊን “የመጨረሻ አማራጭ” ሳይሆን የደም ስኳርን ለመቆጣጠር፣ የአካል ጉዳትን ለመከላከል እና ረጅም ጊዜ ጤናማ ሕይወት ለመኖር የሚረዳ ሕክምና ነው። ‎ References: 1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1). 2. World Health Organization. Diabetes Fact Sheet. WHO; 2025. 3. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 11th ed. 2025. 4. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022. ‎#Diabetes #Insulin #Type1Diabetes #Type2Diabetes #HealthAwareness #MedicalEducation #Ethiopia Dr. Ermias Nigusie Balcha: MD Internist SPHMMC @HakimEthio

2	+3 "የነጭ ልብሴ አቅም ያበቃበት ቦታ ውድ ኢትዮጵያውያን : እኔ ዶ/ር የሮም ጌታቸው እባላለሁ። ከ6 ዓመታት በላይ በሕክምና ሙያ ውስጥ ሰርቻለሁ። በየቀኑ የታመሙ ሰዎችን አክሜያለሁ፣ ለብዙ ቤተሰቦች ተስፋ ሆኜያለሁ፣ ሕይወት ለማዳን በቻልኩት ሁሉ ተግቻለሁ። ዛሬ ግን ልጄን ለማዳን እኔ ራሴ የሰዎችን እገዛ የምሻበት ወቅት ላይ እገኛለሁ። የ3 ዓመት ተኩል ልጄ በአጥንት ካንሰር ተጠቅቷል። ገና ሕይወትን መረዳት ያልጀመረ፣ ሕልሙን መናገር ያልቻለ፣ በእናቱና በአባቱ እቅፍ ውስጥ መጫወት የሚገባው ሕፃን ዛሬ የካንሰር ሕመምና የኬሞቴራፒ ስቃይ እየተሸከመ ነው። እንደ አባት ይህን ማየት ያማል። እንደ ሐኪም ደግሞ የበለጠ ያማል። ምክንያቱም ልጄ የሚያስፈልገውን የላቀ ሕክምና በሀገራችን ውስጥ ማግኘት አልቻለም። ለዓመታት በጤና ሥርዓቱ ውስጥ የሰራሁ ሰው እንደመሆኔ አንድ ሀቅ ልናገር። የሀገራችን የጤና ሥርዓት አሁንም ለእንደዚህ ያሉ ውስብስብ በሽታዎች በቂ አቅም የለውም። ብዙ ሕፃናትና ቤተሰቦች የመጨረሻ ተስፋቸውን ከሀገር ውጭ ባሉ ሆስፒታሎች ላይ እንዲጥሉ ይገደዳሉ። የበለጠ የሚያሳዝነው ደግሞ ሕይወት ለማዳን የሚሰሩ ሐኪሞችና የጤና ባለሙያዎች ራሳቸውንና ቤተሰባቸውን ከእንዲህ ያሉ ከባድ የጤና ቀውሶች ለመታደግ በቂ የገንዘብ አቅም እንዳይኖራቸው የሚያደርግ እውነታ ነው። ለሌሎች ሕይወት የሚታገሉ ሰዎች ራሳቸው ሲፈተኑ የሚደግፋቸው ሥርዓት የለም። ዛሬ ልጄን ለማዳን እና ወደ ውጭ ሀገር ለሚደረገው ሕክምና ለማድረስ 3.5 ሚሊዮን ብር በላይ ያስፈልገናል። ይህ ገንዘብ ከቤተሰባችን አቅም በላይ ነው። ከዚህም በላይ የሚያስጨንቀን ጊዜው ነው። ሐኪሞቹ የሰጡን ጊዜ አንድ ወር ተኩል ብቻ ነው። በዚህ አጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ ሕክምናውን መጀመር ካልቻልን የልጄ የመዳን እድል በእጅጉ ይቀንሳል። ስለዚህ ይህን መልዕክት እንደ ሐኪም አይደለም የምጽፈው፤ ልጁን ለማጣት የሚፈራ አባት ሆኜ ነው። እባካችሁ የምትችሉትን ያህል ድጋፍ አድርጉ። መልዕክቱን ለሌሎች አጋሩ። ለልጄ ጸልዩ። CBE - 1000149557982 Abay - 2091011011819814 Awash : 013201344371300 Tele birr: 0910119336 GoFundMe: https://www.gofundme.com/f/help-tsegabe-fight-cancer?lang=en_US&ts=1780047340 ለእናንተ ትንሽ የሚመስለው እርዳታ ለልጄ የመኖር እድል ሊሆን ይችላል። ዶ/ር የሮም ጌታቸው @HakimEthio	2 536
3	+3 Environmental Health graduates of Jimma University, 2026. Physiotherapy graduates of Jimma University, 2026. Psychiatry nursing graduates of Injibara University, 2026. Public Health Officer graduates of Woldia University, 2026. @HakimEthio	2 739
4	A Grade 12 student in Ethiopia dreams of becoming a doctor. A medical student dreams of becoming a specialist. A fresh graduate dreams of finding a good opportunity. But many of us make these decisions without ever meeting people who have walked the path before us. We often choose careers based on what we hear from family, friends, or society. We rarely get the chance to sit with professionals, ask questions, visit workplaces, or understand what different career paths actually look like. As a result, many talented young people spend years wondering: "Is this really what I want to do?" "What opportunities are available beyond the hospital?" "How did others get where they are today?" Sometimes, all it takes is EXPOSURE. • One conversation with a researcher can spark an interest in research. • One interaction with a public health expert can open your eyes to a whole new field. • One mentorship session can give clarity that years of confusion could not. Exposure does not guarantee success, but it helps us make better decisions. It allows us to see possibilities that were previously invisible. In our community, there are countless bright and hardworking young people. What many of them need is not more talent or more motivation. They need access. They need guidance. They need exposure. That is why ClinAddis exists: to bridge the gap between aspiration and opportunity by connecting young people with the exposure, mentorship, networks, and experiences that can help shape their future. That is also why creating opportunities for students and young professionals to learn from experienced individuals matters. Because sometimes a single encounter can change the direction of a career. And sometimes, changing one career can change a life. Michael Tadesse @ClinAddis @HakimEthio	4 763
5	The International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) announced that Dr. Gashaw Arega Mekonnen (Ethiopia) as the 2026 Young SIOP Rising Star Award Runner-Up, selected from outstanding young pediatric oncology professionals worldwide. Dr. Gashaw Arega Mekonnen is a Consultant Pediatric Hematologist-Oncologist and Assistant Professor at Addis Ababa University, at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. He serves as a Founding Executive Committee Member of the Ethiopian Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (ESPHO) and has authored and co-authored more than 45 peer-reviewed scientific publications. His contributions span clinical care, research, education, and advocacy, with a strong commitment to improving outcomes for children with cancer in Ethiopia and across Africa. He has played a leading role in advancing pediatric oncology services, strengthening multidisciplinary collaborations, promoting childhood cancer awareness, and fostering national and international research initiatives. This prestigious recognition highlights Dr. Gashaw's dedication to excellence in pediatric hematology-oncology and his growing impact on the global childhood cancer community. The award will be formally presented during the SIOP 2026 Congress in San Antonio, Texas, USA. Congratulations to Dr. Gashaw Arega Mekonnen on this well-deserved international recognition and for proudly representing Ethiopia on the global stage. 🇪🇹🎉👏 https://siop-online.org/news/2026-young-siop-rising-star-award/ @HakimEthio	4 297
6	𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐊𝐧𝐞𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐢𝐩 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞 Persistent knee or hip pain can significantly affect mobility, independence, and quality of life. At 𝐄𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐨 𝐓𝐄𝐁𝐈𝐁 𝐇𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥 our Orthopedic Center provides both 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐊𝐧𝐞𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 as well as 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐇𝐢𝐩 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 procedures to help patients regain comfort, function, and confidence in movement. 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐲 may be recommended for patients with: ➡️Osteoarthritis and other degenerative joint diseases ➡️ Severe joint pain and stiffness ➡️ Joint damage due to injury or trauma ➡️ Reduced mobility affecting daily activities ➡️ Conditions that have not responded to conservative treatment Our Orthopedic Center also offers 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 for the diagnosis and management of a broad spectrum of joint pathologies. Utilizing minimally invasive, camera assisted techniques, arthroscopy enables precise visualization and treatment of intra-articular conditions, including meniscal injuries, ligamentous tears(including ACL injuries), chondral defects, and synovial disorders. Our comprehensive approach includes expert evaluation, advanced surgical care, postoperative rehabilitation, and long-term follow-up to ensure the best possible outcomes for every patient. At 𝐄𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐨 𝐓𝐄𝐁𝐈𝐁 𝐇𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥, we are committed to helping patients move with less pain, greater mobility, and an improved quality of life. 🦴 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭. 𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬. 📞 For more information or to schedule an appointment: Call 0935402078 or 9000 📍 Visit us: Road to Kolfe, Masalemiya Sefereselam 🩺 𝐄𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐨-𝐓𝐞𝐛𝐢𝐛 𝐇𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥 We always strive for your health! @HakimEthio	3 886
7	Dr Abel Hailu has been selected as the 2026 Young SIOP Rising Star Award winner in recognition of his exceptional leadership and contributions to paediatric haematology-oncology in Ethiopia and across Africa. A paediatric hematologist-oncologist trained at Addis Ababa University and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Dr Hailu is the Founding President of the Ethiopian Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (ESPHO). Through his leadership, he has helped strengthen national coordination of childhood cancer care, supported the development of Ethiopia’s first national paediatric oncology treatment guidelines, and contributed to the establishment of a national childhood cancer registry. He has also expanded access to care through the development of a paediatric satellite oncology clinic in Somaliland and continues to play a key role in regional capacity-building initiatives. Dr Hailu currently serves on the SIOP Africa Board and chairs the Local Organising Committee for the SIOP Africa 2028 Conference in Addis Ababa. Dr Abel Hailu will present his work and achievements as part of the Young SIOP Education Day at SIOP, which will be held in San Anonio Texas, USA. #SIOP #ESPHO @HakimEthio	3 294
8	+3 የተራበ አዕምሮ! አንድ ምሽት በLinkedIn መልእክት ደረሰኝ። ጉዳዩ ከባድ የጤና እክል ያጋጠመው ታካሚን የሚመለከት ነበር። ታካሚው ከጥቂት ሳምንታት በፊት ሙሉ በሙሉ ጤነኛ የነበረ ቢሆንም፣ በድንገት መርሳት፣ ግራ መጋባት፣ ማቅለሽለሽ፣ የምግብ ፍላጎት ማጣት፣ ማስታወክ እና ተቅማጥ እንዳጋጠመው ተነገረኝ። ቀድሞ ለቤተሰቦቹ እንደ ደጀን የነበረው ሰው፣ በድንገት ከባድ የጤና ቀውስ ውስጥ ገባ። [የሕክምና ታሪኮች #30] የሕክምና ቡድኑ የማጅራት ገትር በሽታን እንዲሁም የአንጀት ኢንፌክሽን በማሰብ ሰፊ የፀረ-ባክቴሪያ መድኃኒቶችን አስጀመሩት። ተከታታይ ምርመራዎች ተካሄዱ፤ የደም ምርመራዎች ፣ የጉበት እና የኩላሊት ተግባር፣ የህብለ ሰረሰር ፈሳሽ ፣ የወባ ምርመራ፣ የአንጐል MRI፣ የደረት ራጅ እና የሆድ ዕቃ አልትራሳውንድ ቢደረግለትም ከቀላል ደም ማነስ እና የኘሮትን ማነስ ውጪ ሁሉም ምርመራዋች ምንም የሚያሳዩት የሕመም ምልክት አልነበረም። ይህ ሁሉ ጥረት ተደርጎም የታካሚው ሁኔታ እየተባባሰ ሄደ። ግራ መጋባቱ ጨመረ፣ ተቅማጡም አልቆመም። የታካሚውን ታሪክ ስሰማ አንድ ነገር ግራ አጋባኝ። ትኩሳት የለም፣ የላቦራቶሪ ምርመራዎች መደበኛ ናቸው፣ ግልጽ የሆነ የኢንፌክሽን ምልክትም የለም። በመሆኑም አንድ ቀላል ጥያቄ ጠየቅኩ፦ "ታካሚው አልኮል ይጠጣል?" መልሱም "አዎ" ነበር። በመቀጠልም "ቆዳው ላይ ሽፍታ የወጣ ካለ ጠየኩ?" "የለም" ብለው መለሱልኝ። የሕክምና መጻሕፍት በሽታዎችን እንደየምልክታቸው በግልጽ ያስቀምጣሉ፤ ነገር ግን ታካሚዎች ሁልጊዜ እንደ መጻሕፍት አይሆኑም። ቢሆንም፣ ውስጣዊ ስሜቴ ያንን "አስማታዊ መድኃኒት" እንድሞክር ነገረኝ። በመጨረሻም፣ ለሕክምናው የሚሆን ተገቢውን መጠን እንዲወስድ ሐሳብ አቀረብኩ። በሚቀጥሉት ጥቂት ቀናት ውስጥ አስገራሚ ለውጥ ታየ። ግራ መጋባቱ እየቀለለ ሄደ፣ ሰዎችን መለየት ጀመረ፣ የምግብ ፍላጎቱ ተመለሰ፣ ተቅማጡም ሙሉ በሙሉ ቆመ። ዋናው መልእክት፣ ፔላግራ (Pellagra); የኒያሲን (ቫይታሚን B3) እጥረት የሚያስከትለው የጤና ችግር ሲሆን በተለምዶ ተቅማጥ፣ የቆዳ መጎዳት፣ የአዕምሮ መታወክ እና ለሕይወት አስጊ የሆኑ ሁኔታዎችን እንደሚያስከትል ይታወቃል። ይሁን እንጂ ፔላግራ በቆዳ ላይ በሚታዩ ምልክቶች ብቻ የሚገለጽ ባለመሆኑ፣ እነዚህ ምልክቶች ባይኖሩም እንኳ እንደ ተቅማጥ ያሉ ሥር የሰደዱ ችግሮች፣ እንዲሁም የአዕምሮ መታወክ ምልክቶች ሲያጋጥሙ የኒያሲን እጥረትን መጠርጠር ይገባል። በተለይም አልኮል አዘውታሪዎች ወይም በአመጋገብ እጥረት የሚሰቃዩ ሰዎች ላይ የቆዳ ለውጥ አለመኖር በሽታውን የመመርመር ዕድልን ማሳጣት የለበትም፤ በመሆኑም ከፍተኛ የሕክምና ጥርጣሬ ካለ፣ ቀደም ብሎ የኒያሲን ሕክምና መጀመር የታካሚውን ጤንነት በፍጥነት ወደ ቀድሞ ሁኔታው ለመመለስ እና ሕይወትን ለማትረፍ ወሳኝ መሆኑን መገንዘብ ያስፈልጋል። Segenet Bizuneh Internist, GI/Hepatology fellow St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College - SPHMMC @HakimEthio	3 867
9	Youtube: https://youtube.com/@drberrydubiso?si=Wj7Rj96WUbGcdi86 Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@dr.berry.dubiso?_r=1&_t=ZS-96BGsf2Cwvy	2
10	A patient may celebrate losing 20 kilograms while unknowingly sacrificing a substantial amount of the very tissue that protects metabolic health, maintains functional capacity, and supports healthy aging. Smaller clothing sizes do not necessarily indicate a healthier body composition. A lower number on the scale does not automatically mean a better metabolic outcome. The physiological explanation is straightforward. These medications reduce appetite and food intake, often dramatically. While this reduction in calorie consumption drives fat loss, it can also reduce protein intake. When dietary protein becomes insufficient, the body may obtain amino acids from existing muscle tissue to meet its biological needs. At the same time, many individuals become less physically active or fail to engage in resistance training, removing the mechanical stimulus required to preserve muscle mass. From an evolutionary perspective, muscle is metabolically expensive tissue. During periods of perceived energy scarcity, the body often adapts by reducing both fat stores and lean tissue unless there is a compelling reason to maintain muscle. Adequate protein intake and resistance exercise provide that reason. This is why successful obesity treatment should not focus exclusively on weight loss. The goal should be fat loss while preserving lean mass. These are not the same thing. Patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists or dual agonists should be encouraged to prioritize dietary protein, engage in regular resistance training, and monitor body composition whenever possible. Measurements such as DXA scans, bioimpedance analysis, waist circumference, strength assessments, and functional performance tests provide a far more meaningful picture of health than body weight alone. The future of obesity medicine should move beyond the simplistic concept of weight reduction. Excess body fat contributes to metabolic disease, but skeletal muscle is one of the body’s greatest protective organs. The ideal outcome is not maximum weight loss. The ideal outcome is maximum fat loss with minimum muscle loss. As clinicians, we must remember that our patients do not simply need to become lighter. They need to become metabolically healthier, physically stronger, and more resilient. The scale measures weight. Body composition measures health. And when it comes to long-term metabolic health, strength, function, and longevity, muscle may be the most important tissue we possess. References 1. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384:989-1002. 2. Rubino DM, Greenway FL, Khalid U, et al. Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Body Composition in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. STEP 1 DXA Substudy. 3. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;387:205-216. 4. SURMOUNT-1 Body Composition Substudy Investigators. Effects of Tirzepatide on Fat Mass and Lean Mass Distribution in Adults with Obesity. 5. Systematic Review of Muscle-Related Outcomes Associated with Incretin-Based Therapies. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2026. 6. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: Revised European Consensus on Definition and Diagnosis. Age and Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31. 7. Wolfe RR. The Underappreciated Role of Muscle in Health and Disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;84(3):475-482. 8. Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Muscle Mass Index as a Predictor of Longevity in Older Adults. American Journal of Medicine. 2014;127(6):547-553 Dr. Berry Dubiso, MD Dr Berry Right Medical Consultancy Contact & Location 📞 0911581692 DrBerry Health Consultancy Gerji (Totot), Addis Ababa Right Medical Consultancy Bole, DH Geda Tower, Addis Ababa Service registration link: https://form.drberrydubiso.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/share/15ku8YYkV8X/?mibextid=wwXIfr Telegram: https://t.me/drberrydubiso	3 971
11	Muscle Matters More Than the Scale: The Hidden Cost of Modern Weight-Loss Drugs The number on the scale tells us how much weight has been lost. It does not tell us what has been lost. This distinction is becoming increasingly important as millions of people worldwide achieve substantial weight reduction with GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists such as semaglutide and tirzepatide. These medications have revolutionized obesity treatment and have helped many patients improve blood sugar control, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, and lose significant amounts of body weight. Yet an important question often remains unanswered: how much of that weight loss is actually body fat, and how much is valuable lean tissue? Many patients assume that every kilogram lost represents excess body fat. Human physiology is far more complex. Weight loss can come from fat mass, glycogen, water, connective tissue, organ mass, and skeletal muscle. From a metabolic standpoint, these tissues are not equal. Losing excess body fat is generally beneficial. Losing skeletal muscle is not. Recent scientific evidence has highlighted this concern. A 2026 meta-analysis that evaluated 20 randomized controlled trials involving nearly 16,000 participants found that approximately 35.2% of total weight lost with semaglutide consisted of lean mass. In practical terms, this means that for every 10 kilograms of body weight lost, more than 3 kilograms may come from lean tissue rather than fat. The findings are consistent with the STEP 1 body-composition substudy, which used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to examine changes in body composition during semaglutide treatment. Participants experienced substantial fat loss, but they also demonstrated meaningful reductions in lean body mass. Tirzepatide appears to perform somewhat better. In the SURMOUNT-1 trial, approximately 25% of total weight lost consisted of lean mass, while roughly 75% represented fat mass. This suggests that the dual GIP/GLP-1 mechanism may offer some advantage in preserving lean tissue compared with GLP-1 receptor agonism alone. However, even under these circumstances, one-quarter of total weight loss still came from lean tissue. The concern extends beyond individual medications. A 2026 systematic review published in the Annals of Internal Medicine evaluated 36 randomized controlled trials involving incretin-based therapies and found that approximately two-thirds of studies exceeded predefined muscle-loss benchmarks. Across these studies, the median proportion of weight loss attributable to muscle-related tissue loss approached 35%. These findings should not be dismissed as a cosmetic issue. Skeletal muscle is one of the most important organs in the human body. It is the primary site for glucose disposal after meals and plays a critical role in insulin sensitivity and blood sugar regulation. Muscle serves as a reservoir of amino acids during illness and injury. It supports mobility, balance, strength, physical function, and independence. It also contributes significantly to resting energy expenditure and overall metabolic health. Perhaps most importantly, muscle mass and strength are among the strongest predictors of healthy aging and longevity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that lower muscle mass is associated with increased risks of frailty, falls, fractures, hospitalization, disability, loss of independence, and premature mortality. The medical term for the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength is sarcopenia. Although traditionally associated with aging, sarcopenia is increasingly recognized in individuals who undergo rapid weight loss. This includes people following aggressive calorie restriction, those recovering from illness, patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and individuals receiving modern weight-loss medications. The danger is not simply becoming lighter. The danger is becoming weaker.	2
12	لا يوجد نص...	3 398
13	Vacancy Announcement : Tazma Medical & Surgical Specialized Center Location: Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Gotera Condominium Compound Positions 1. Position: Matron Education: BSc in Nursing with relevant skills and experience (3 years of experience and above) Required Number: 1 2. Position: Clinical Coordinator Education: BSc in Nursing or Public Health with relevant skills and experience (1 year of experience and above) Required Number: 2 3. Position: Clinical Nurse Education: BSc in Nursing, 0 years of experience and above Required Number: 5 4. Position: General Practitioner Education: Degree in Medicine (MD), 0 years of experience and above Required Number: 2 5. Position: Laboratory Technologist Education: BSc in Medical Laboratory Technology, 0 years of experience and above Required Number: 2 Application Deadline: June 18, 2026 N.B.: All applicants must possess a valid professional license. Please indicate the position you are applying for in the subject line of your email. E-mail Address: tazmamedical@gmail.com In-Person Application: Tazma Medical & Surgical Specialized Center, Gotera Condominium Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia @HakimEthio	3 801
14	An Encounter from Today’s Ward Rounds: The Lasix Trap During our morning rounds in the Stabilization Center today, we evaluated a newly admitted child presenting with severe, tense bilateral pitting edema. Looking at the profound swelling, one well-meaning nurse turned to me and said: "Doctor, the swelling is severe and the child looks uncomfortable. Should we give a dose of Lasix (furosemide) right now to help flush out this fluid and relieve the tension?" It is a completely understandable instinct. In standard pediatric or adult medicine, when we see massive fluid retention, diuretics are our go-to solution. But in Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), this exact, well-intentioned decision can be fatal. Here is why I told the team we must step away from the Lasix, and why the official guidelines explicitly state that diuretics are strictly contraindicated for nutritional edema: ❌ INCORRECT AND ✅️ CORRECT PRACTICE 1. Giving Diuretics for Edema: Never give these! Edema will resolve naturally with correct initial treatment using therapeutic feeds. 2. Giving IV Fluids Freely: Giving IV fluids when the child is not in shock can be fatal. Give IV fluids only if there are clear signs of shock (cold hand plus slow capillary refill or a weak/fast pulse). 3. Starting High-Protein Diets Immediately: Do not do this. Give F-75 until the child stabilizes; only transition to F-100/RUTF during the rehabilitation phase. 4. Using Standard ORS: Standard ORS can overload the child. Always use ReSoMal for severely malnourished children presenting with diarrhea. 5. Withholding Antibiotics: Do not wait for clinical signs of infection (like fever). Presume infection and give routine broad-spectrum antibiotics to all admitted SAM children. 6. Starting Iron Immediately: Treating anemia with iron from admission is dangerous. Wait to start iron until the child has successfully transitioned to F-100 for at least 2 days. 7. Skipping Night Protocols: Children must not be left unfed or uncovered at night. Ensure the child is fed every 2 hours at night and stays warmly covered with a blanket to prevent hypothermia. The Takeaway: Adherence to standard, evidence-based protocols saves lives. Let's audit our ward practices and keep our fragile pediatric patients safe! Reference: Management of Acute Malnutrition Participant Module, #Pediatrics #SAM #ClinicalExcellence #Nutrition #BulePrimaryHospital #EvidenceBasedMedicine Dr. Surafel Mulugeta: General practitioner @HakimEthio	4 099
15	+2 The Illusion of the “Benign” Cosmetic Thyroidectomy: An Ethics and Teamwork Wake-Up Call 📌 [BMJ Journal of Medical Ethics] ✍️ Behaylu Tesfamaryam Hagos (Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Debre Berhan University) 🧨The Core Issue: This commentary reviews a sobering real-world case of an asymptomatic patient who underwent a bilateral thyroidectomy purely due to societal pressure regarding the cosmetic appearance of her neck. Post-surgery, she was left with permanent hypoparathyroidism, requiring life-long, costly, and frequently unavailable active vitamin D analogs with calcium supplement, alongside repeated emergency visits for acute hypocalcemic crises. I strongly believe that when an operation is performed for an entirely benign conditions, especially for cosmetic reasons, our clinical tolerance for preventable, life-altering complications should be exactly zero. 🗣️The Three Main Takeaways: 1. The Local "Reality vs. Statistics" Gap: While Western literature quotes the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism at a mere 0–3%, our local data paint a vastly different picture. Studies from resource-constrained settings (such as St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College) show local thyroidectomy complication rates as high as 29.4%, with 6.1% developing chronic hypoparathyroidism. This discrepancy is driven by a critical shortage of subspecialized endocrine surgeons, meaning generalists frequently perform these delicate procedures. 2. The Deficit in Preoperative Counseling: Reflecting on my own communication habits, I note that we clinicians heavily rely on paternalistic communication norms, often dismissing potential risks as "statistically rare" events to streamline patient decision-making. Minimizing these risks to avoid overwhelming a layperson is a systemic betrayal of patient autonomy. 3. Postoperative Isolation & Siloed Care: This case highlights a dangerous structural flaw: managing complex surgical complications in isolated silos. When the patient developed severe postoperative hypocalcemia, the surgical team attempted to manage the metabolic crisis on their own using mega-doses of oral calcium, overlooking the basic physiological fact that parathyroid hormone deficiency requires active vitamin D analogs for absorption. No formal multidisciplinary consultation was made to the concerned department. 📣Call to Action: Managing surgical complications effectively requires cross-departmental collaboration, moving beyond the boundaries of the operating theater. I am calling for: 1. Moving away from a single consent template for a variety of procedures, and shifting toward accurate, localized risk disclosures for specific operations. 2. Activating multidisciplinary team communications whenever a complex clinical case demands it, ensuring the patient receives the highest standard of institutional care available. 🖇️ Read the full commentary here: https://blogs.bmj.com/medical-ethics/2026/06/10/the-illusion-of-the-benign-cosmetic-thyroidectomy-an-ethics-and-teamwork-wake-up-call/?utm_campaign=shareaholic&utm_medium=linkedin&utm_source=socialnetwork Behaylu Tesfamaryam Hagos, MD, Internist @HakimEthio	4 854
16	Beyond global North–led response: South–South collaboration at the frontline of Marburg virus outbreak control Tsion Firew, Finot Debebe, Woldesenbet Waganew, Tesfaye Getachew, Lemlwm Beza, Menelas Nkeshimana Link: PLOS Glob Public Health 6(6): e0006515. doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0006515 To send your papers use @HakimAds @HakimEthio	4 807
17	Viral suppression status and associated factors among key populations on ART in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective analysis Kenate Bekele, Endalu Tesfaye Guteta, Abdi Diriba, Gadisa Chewaka, Demeke Jabessa, Daniel Amsalu Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42108473/ To send your papers use @HakimAds @HakimEthio	4 471
18	+2 ቡና መጠጣት በኩላሊት ላይ ምን ውጤት ያስከትላል? መጠነኛ የሆነ ቡና መጠጣት የኩላሊት ተግባርን ለመጠበቅ እንደሚረዳ እና የኩላሊት ጠጠር እንዳይፈጠር እንደሚቀንስ ተጠቁሟል። ነገር ግን ጥቅሙ ለሁሉም ሰው ተመሳሳይ አይደለም። የዶ/ር ዶናልድ ዲ. ሄንስሩድ (የማዮ ክሊኒክ የህክምና አርታኢ) እንደሚሉት “ቡና በየጊዜው በሚጠጡ ሰዎች ላይ የስኳር በሽታ (ዓይነት 2)፣ የፓርኪንሰን በሽታ፣ የጉበት በሽታ፣ አንዳንድ ካንሰሮች (ለምሳሌ የጉበት ካንሰር)፣ ድብርትና ራስን የማጥፋት ስሜት፣ የኩላሊትና የሐሞት ጠጠር እንዲሁም አጠቃላይ ሞት የመጋለጥ እድል ይቀንሳል።” እ.ኤ.አ. በ2018 በኔፍሮሎጂ ዳያሊሲስ ትራንስፕላንቴሽን ጆርናል ላይ የታተመ ጥናት በአሜሪካ ውስጥ ሥር የሰደደ የኩላሊት በሽታ ካላቸው ከ4,860 አዋቂዎች በላይ መረጃ ተንትኗል። ተሳታፊዎቹ በዕለታዊ የካፌይን መጠን በአራት ቡድን ተከፍለዋል፦ - በቀን ከ28.2 ሚሊግራም ያነሰ ካፌይን (ከአንድ ኩባያ ቡና ከሶስተኛ ያነሰ) - ከ28.2 እስከ 103 ሚሊግራም - ከ103 እስከ 213.5 ሚሊግራም - ከ213.5 ሚሊግራም በላይ (ሁለት ወይም ከዚያ በላይ ኩባያ) በአምስት ዓመት ክትትል ወቅት ወደ 1,280 የሚጠጉ ተሳታፊዎች ሞተዋል። ሌሎች አስተዋጽዖ ሊያደርጉ የሚችሉ ነገሮችን ከተቆጣጠሩ በኋላ፣ ውጤቱ እንዳሳየው ሦስቱም ከፍተኛ የካፌይን ፍጆታ ያላቸው ቡድኖች ከዝቅተኛው ቡድን ጋር ሲነጻጸሩ የመሞት እድላቸው ከ22% እስከ 26% ዝቅ ብሏል። የኩላሊት ጠጠርን መቀነስ በአሜሪካ ብሔራዊ የኩላሊት ፋውንዴሽን መሠረት ካፌይን የሽንት መጠንን ይጨምራል፣ ይህም በሽንት ቱቦ ውስጥ ጠጠር የሚፈጥሩ ማዕድናት እንዳይከማቹና ክሪስታል እንዳይሆኑ ሊረዳ ይችላል። አንዳንድ ጥናቶች ቡና በየጊዜው በሚጠጡ ሰዎች ላይ የኩላሊት ጠጠር የመጋለጥ እድሉ እንደሚቀንስ አስተውለዋል። ነገር ግን ይህ ብዙ ቡና መጠጣት የተሻለ ነው ማለት አይደለም። ባለሙያዎች ጤናማ አዋቂዎች የካፌይን ፍጆታቸውን በቀን ከ400 ሚሊግራም በላይ እንዳያደርጉ ይመክራሉ፣ ይህም ከሦስት እስከ አራት መደበኛ ኩባያ ቡና ጋር እኩል ነው። ከመጠን በላይ ካፌይን መውሰድ እንቅልፍ ማጣት፣ እረፍት ማጣት፣ ጭንቀት፣ እንዲሁም የልብ ምት መደናገርን ሊያስከትል ይችላል። ካፌይን በተለይ ለእሱ ተጋላጭ በሆኑ ሰዎች ላይ ለአጭር ጊዜ የደም ግፊትን በመጠኑ ከፍ ሊያደርግ ይችላል። ከዚህ በተጨማሪ ቡናው በብዛት ከስኳር፣ ከወተት፣ ከከባድ ክሬም ወይም ጣዕም ከተጨመረበት ሽሮፕ ጋር በየጊዜው ከተጠመቀ ጥቅሙ ሊቀንስ ይችላል፤ ምክንያቱም እነዚህ ንጥረ ነገሮች የስኳር እና የካሎሪ መጠንን ይጨምራሉ። የኩላሊት በሽታ፣ የደም ግፊት ወይም ሌላ ሥር የሰደደ የጤና ችግር ያለባቸው ሰዎች ተገቢውን የካፌይን መጠን በተመለከተ ሐኪማቸውን ማማከር አለባቸው። References 1. Vieira, M. B., et al. "Caffeine consumption and mortality in chronic kidney disease: a nationally representative analysis." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 33, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 974–980. 2. Dr. Donald D. Hensrud and the general recommendation to limit caffeine to 400 mg per day https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20049372 3. National Kidney Foundation - Diet and Kidney Stones Note on source: This NKF resource mentions limiting instant coffee if you have oxalate stones . However, more recent research indicates that caffeine's diuretic effect helps prevent stones in healthy people . ፋርማሲስት አብነት ድንቅነህ @HakimEthio	6 224
19	The PPH CART During my stay as medical intern in Gyne/Obs I have witnessed a number of patients that came with PPH and there was a lot of obstacles when it came to managing these mothers 1. The first obstacle was the time of arrival By the time the mother arrives she has lost nearly 50% of her blood volume and I am not saying primary hospitals are the blame. But there are ways to avoid this and if the inevitable happens referral should not be delayed!! 2. Trying to find blood First of all why doesn’t the GYNE/OBS have their own blood bank? Why is it that the most pressing matter in that situation is blood and the closest a person can go get blood is at least 20-30minutes! My idea is when blood banks are out gathering blood donations their first moto is save a dying mother yet there are times these mothers don’t get the blood they need. 3. The medication and the equipment If we look at other departments they have crash carts why don’t we? Think about it among the most emergency cases is PPH yet we have to look (or prescribe) life saving medication and equipment. Imagine having to borrow IV cannulas from another patient! Or anything for that matter hence the need for the PPH crash carts. 4. Proper training Most of our society prefers primary hospitals to tertiary hospitals, that’s something that should be its own subject. I think we should provide primary hospitals with the proper training and a more strict selection process for the gyne/obs emergency department personnel. It’s not criticism of any sorts but we all know some people are quick to think on their feet and some take time to process and I also believe they need a good understanding of priorities in that situation. STORY I have encountered a PPH patient on my first day attaching GYNE emergency as an intern and the situation was horrendous we were trying everything we can to save this mother which might I add has been bleeding for nearly 5 hours before she arrived at the hospital. She had received 2 units of blood on the way and as she was being transferred from the gurney to the bed one of the IV lines disconnected and imagine all hands on deck situation. The personnel that was transporting the patient from the primary hospital said “give me the NASG (Non Pneumatic Anti-shock garment) I need to go" hence the lack of priority oriented training. Here I am not saying she was supposed to stay for the entire time this mother was at the hospital but me personally I would not worry about NASG while a mother is actively bleeding and might die. If we don’t do everything properly, and let me say I am not a saint, but I believe my training was "the patient first." I would help until the mother is stable enough to transport to the OR team. There are so many things I would like to say but I am afraid no one will read such a lengthy thread. Dr. Estahil Mohamed MD @HakimEthio	5 307
20	+3 ማህፀን መንሸራተት (Pelvic Organ Prolapse) ምንድን ነው? ሰላም ውድ ተከታታዮች: ዛሬ ብዙ ሴቶች የሚያጋጥማቸው ነገር ግን ብዙ ጊዜ የማይነገርበትን የማህፀን መንሸራተት ወይም የዳሌ ውስጥ አካላት ወደውጭ መውጣት (Pelvic Organ Prolapse) ስለሚባለው እንነጋገራለን። ማህፀን መንሸራተት ምንድን ነው? ማህፀን፣ ፊኛ፣ አንጀት እና ሌሎች የዳሌ ውስጥ አካላት በጡንቻዎችና በጅማቶች ይደገፋሉ። እነዚህ ድጋፍ ሰጪ አካላት ሲደክሙ ወይም ሲጎዱ ማህፀን፣ ፊኛ ወይም አንጀት ወደ ታች ሊወርዱ ይችላሉ። ይህንን ሁኔታ የዳሌ ውስጥ አካላት መንሸራተት ወይም Pelvic Organ Prolapse እንላለን። መንስኤዎቹ ምንድናቸው? - ብዙ ልጅ የወለዱ እናቶች - ከባድ ወይም ረዥም ጊዜ የፈጀ ምጥ - በወሊድ ጊዜ የተፈጠረ የዳሌ ጡንቻ ጉዳት - እድሜ መጨመር - ከማረጥ (Menopause) በኋላ የሚከሰት የሆርሞን መቀነስ - ከፍተኛ ውፍረት - ረዥም ጊዜ የሚቆይ ሳል - የረዥም ጊዜ ድርቀት እና በሰገራ ጊዜ አብዝቶ መግፋት - ከባድ ዕቃ በተደጋጋሚ ማንሳት ምልክቶቹ ምንድናቸው? 🔹 በብልት ውስጥ ያልተለመደ ነገር እንዳለ የሚሰማ ስሜት 🔹 በብልት ውስጥ ኳስ ወይም ክብ ነገር እንዳለ መሰማት 🔹 የዳሌ ክብደት ወይም ጫና መሰማት 🔹 የጀርባ ህመም 🔹 ሽንት በተደጋጋሚ መምጣት 🔹 ሳል ሲያስል፣ ሲስቅ ወይም ሲሮጥ ሽንት ማምለጥ 🔹 ሽንት ሙሉ በሙሉ እንዳይወጣ መከልከል ወይም ለመሽናት በእጅ የወጣውን ነገር መመለስ ማስፈለግ 🔹 የሰገራ ችግር 🔹 በግብረ ሥጋ ጊዜ ህመም ወይም ምቾት ማጣት ችግሩ ካልታከመ ምን ሊያስከትል ይችላል? - የተደጋጋሚ የሽንት ኢንፌክሽን - ሽንት ለማውጣት መቸገር - በወጣው ክፍል ቁስለት ወይም መድማት - የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት ላይ ችግር ይህም ለባለ ትዳሮች ትዳራቸው አደጋ ላይ መውደቅ - የአእምሮ ጭንቀት፣ የራስ መተማመን መቀነስ - በከባድ ሁኔታ የኩላሊት ሥራ ላይ ተጽዕኖ ሊፈጥር ይችላል እንዴት መከላከል ይቻላል? ✔️ የዳሌ ጡንቻ ልምምድ (Kegel Exercise) ማድረግ ✔️ ጤናማ ክብደት መጠበቅ ✔️ የሆድ ድርቀትን መከላከል ✔️ ረዥም ጊዜ የሚቆይ ሳል ካለ መታከም ✔️ ከባድ ዕቃዎችን በተደጋጋሚ አለማንሳት ✔️ በወሊድ ጊዜ ተገቢ የሕክምና ክትትል ማግኘት "ማህፀን መንሸራተት የእርጅና መደበኛ ክፍል አይደለም፤ ሕክምና ያለው ችግር ነው። በብልትዎ ውስጥ ያልተለመደ ነገር እንዳለ ከተሰማዎት፣ የሽንት ወይም የሰገራ ችግር ካለብዎት ወይም ማህፀን እንደሚወርድ ከተሰማዎት በፍጥነት ሕክምና ባለሙያ ያማክሩ።" ይህን መረጃ ለሌሎች ሴቶችም ያጋሩ እናመሰግናለን References 1. Walters MD, Karram MM. Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2022. 2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Pelvic Organ Prolapse: ACOG Practice Bulletin Summary, Number 214. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):1124-1127. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003520. 3. Hoffman BL, Schorge JO, Halvorson LM, Hamid CA, Corton MM, Schaffer JI. Williams Gynecology. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2024. Chapter 24, Pelvic Organ Prolapse. ዶ/ር ፍኖት በቅ/ጴጥሮስ ሆስፒታል የማህፀንና ፅንስ ስፔሻሊስት እና የሴቶች ሽንት ፊኛና ዳሌ ወለል ቀዶ ህክምና ሰብ ስፔሻሊስት @HakimEthio	6 311

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