Библиотека Python разработчика | Книги по питону
Погружение в CPython и архитектуру. Разбираем неочевидное поведение (GIL, Memory), Best Practices (SOLID, DDD) и тонкости Django/FastAPI. Решаем задачи с подвохом и оптимизируем алгоритмы. 🐍 По всем вопросам @evgenycarter РКН clck.ru/3Ko7Hq
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Библиотека Python разработчика | Книги по питону (@bookpython) Rus til segmentidagi kanali faol ishtirokchi. Hozirda hamjamiyat 17 959 obunachidan iborat bo'lib, Texnologiyalar & Aralashmalar toifasida 7 250-o'rinni va Rossiya mintaqasida 36 565-o'rinni egallagan.
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“Погружение в CPython и архитектуру. Разбираем неочевидное поведение (GIL, Memory), Best Practices (SOLID, DDD) и тонкости Django/FastAPI. Решаем задачи с подвохом и оптимизируем алгоритмы. 🐍
По всем вопросам @evgenycarter
РКН clck.ru/3Ko7Hq”
Yuqori yangilanish chastotasi (oxirgi ma’lumot 05 Noyabr, 2026 da olingan) sababli kanal doimo dolzarb va katta qamrovli bo‘lib qoladi. Analitika auditoriya kontent bilan faol hamkorlik qilishini, uni Texnologiyalar & Aralashmalar toifasidagi muhim ta’sir nuqtasiga aylantirishini ko‘rsatadi.
sleep(x) function that is expected to freeze the program for x seconds, but in reality, it can return earlier if a signal appears.
However, since Python 3.5, thanks to PEP 475, Python cares about all such calls for you. The following program ends on the first SIGINT it receives in any Python before 3.5. But it sleeps for exactly five seconds regardless of the signals in Python 3.5+.
import signal
import time
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print('Caught')a
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
time.sleep(5)os.chdir() и os.getcwd()
Функция os.chdir позволяет нам вносить изменения в каталоге, который мы в данный момент используем в сессии.
Если вам нужно знать, какой путь вы в данный момент используете, для этой нужно вызвать os.getcwd(). Указанный код демонстрирует нам, что мы открыли директорию по умолчанию в Пайтоне, после запуска данного кода в IDLE.
После этого мы изменили папки, при помощи os.chdir().
Подписывайтесь на канал 👉@pythonofffpython supports several forms of starting a script. The usual one is python foo.py; in that case, foo.py would be simply executed.
However, you can also do python -m foo. If foo is not a package, then foo.py is found in sys.path and executed. If it is, then Python executes foo/__init__.py, and foo/__main__.py after that. Note, that __name__ is equal to foo during __init__.py execution, but it's __main__ during __main__.py execution.
You also can do python dir/ or even python dir.zip. In that case, dir/__main__.py is looked for and executed if found.
$ ls foo
__init__.py __main__.py
$ cat foo/__init__.py
print(__name__)
$ cat foo/__main__.py
print(__name__)
$ python -m foo
foo
__main__
$ python foo/
__main__
$ python foo/__init__.py
__main__io module provides two types of in-memory file-like objects. Such objects may be helpful for interacting with interfaces that only support files without the need of creating one. The obvious example is unit-testing.
These two types are BytesIO and StringIO that works with bytes and string respectively.
In : f = StringIO()
In : f.write('first\n')
Out: 6
In : f.write('second\n')
Out: 7
In : f.seek(0)
Out: 0
In : f.readline()
Out: 'first\n'
In : f.readline()
Out: 'second\n'list[start:end:step]
Комбинации параметров помогут достичь необходимого результата.
Подписывайтесь на канал 👉@pythonofffzip function may be a good choice. It returns a generator that yields tuples containing one element from every original iterables:
In : eng = ['one', 'two', 'three']
In : ger = ['eins', 'zwei', 'drei']
In : for e, g in zip(eng, ger):
...: print('{e} = {g}'.format(e=e, g=g))
...:
one = eins
two = zwei
three = drei
Notice, that zip accepts iterables as separate arguments, not a list of arguments. To unzip values, you can use the * operator:
In : list(zip(*zip(eng, ger)))
Out: [('one', 'two', 'three'), ('eins', 'zwei', 'drei')]list allows you to store an array of any objects. This is quite helpful but may be inefficient. The array module can be used to represent arrays of base values compactly. The supported values include various C types including char, int, long, double and so on. The actual representation is determined by the C implementation.
In : a = array.array('B')
In : a.append(240)
In : a.append(159)
In : a.append(144)
In : a.append(180)
In : a.tobytes().decode('utf8')
Out: '🐴'.request, можно просмотреть PreparedRequest.
Проверка PreparedRequest открывает доступ ко всей информации о выполняемом запросе. Это может быть пейлоад, URL, заголовки, аутентификация и многое другое.
Подписывайтесь на канал 👉@pythonofffx = 1
def scope():
x = 2
def inner_scope():
print(x) # prints 2
inner_scope()
scope()
However, the variable assignment doesn't work the same way. The new variable is always created in the current scope unless global or nonlocal is specified:
x = 1
def scope():
x = 2
def inner_scope():
x = 3
print(x) # prints 3
inner_scope()
print(x) # prints 2
scope()
print(x) # prints 1
global allows using variables of global namespaces while nonlocal searches for the variable in the nearest enclosing scope. Compare:
x = 1
def scope():
x = 2
def inner_scope():
global x
x = 3
print(x) # prints 3
inner_scope()
print(x) # prints 2
scope()
print(x) # prints 3
x = 1
def scope():
x = 2
def inner_scope():
nonlocal x
x = 3
print(x) # prints 3
inner_scope()
print(x) # prints 3
scope()
print(x) # prints 1