UPSC Mains PYQ
☑️ Join for mains Previous Year Questions Questions from 1999 - 2025 Questions will be segregated Subject/topic wise ✅Prelims PYQs @UPSC_Prelims_PYQ_MCQ ✅CSAT PYQs @UPSC_CSAT_PYQ
Показати більше📈 Аналітичний огляд Telegram-каналу UPSC Mains PYQ
Канал UPSC Mains PYQ (@cse_mains_pyq) у мовному сегменті Англійська є активним учасником. На даний момент спільнота об'єднує 45 415 підписників, посідаючи 3 926 місце в категорії Освіта та 8 288 місце у регіоні Індія.
📊 Показники аудиторії та динаміка
З моменту свого створення невідомо, проект продемонстрував стрімке зростання, зібравши аудиторію у 45 415 підписників.
За останніми даними від 12 липня, 2026, канал демонструє стабільну активність. Хоча за останні 30 днів спостерігається зміна кількості учасників на 45, а за останні 24 години на -21, загальне охоплення залишається високим.
- Статус верифікації: Не верифікований
- Рівень залученості (ER): Середній показник залученості аудиторії становить 2.92%. Протягом перших 24 годин після публікації контент зазвичай збирає 1.11% реакцій від загальної кількості підписників.
- Охоплення публікацій: В середньому кожен допис отримує 1 329 переглядів. Протягом першої доби публікація в середньому набирає 505 переглядів.
- Реакції та взаємодія: Аудиторія активно підтримує контент: середня кількість реакцій на один пост – 3.
- Тематичні інтереси: Контент зосереджений навколо ключових тем, таких як prelim, upsc, introduction, conclusion, topper.
📝 Опис та контентна політика
Автор описує ресурс як майданчик для висловлення суб'єктивної думки:
“☑️ Join for mains Previous Year Questions
Questions from 1999 - 2025
Questions will be segregated Subject/topic wise
✅Prelims PYQs @UPSC_Prelims_PYQ_MCQ
✅CSAT PYQs @UPSC_CSAT_PYQ”
Завдяки високій частоті оновлень (останні дані отримано 13 липня, 2026), канал підтримує актуальність та високий рівень охоплення публікацій. Аналітика показує, що аудиторія активно взаємодіє з контентом, що робить його важливою точкою впливу в категорії Освіта.
Триває завантаження даних...
| Дата | Залучення підписників | Згадування | Канали | |
| 13 липня | 0 | |||
| 12 липня | 0 | |||
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| 01 липня | 0 |
| 2 | 🔆 Q. It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability together. Comment on this statement. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
📍Approach
✅ Introduction: Define inclusive growth.
✅ Body: Give points showing the link between inclusive and sustainable growth.
✅ Conclusion: Conclude stating that inclusive growth has the potential to be a game changer in all aspects of the growth of the economy and society as a whole.
📍Introduction
✅ As per OECD, inclusive growth is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all.
✅ The Brundtland Commission Report – Our Common Future (1987) defines sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
📍Body
✅ Inclusive growth approach takes a longer-term perspective:
Eg: Policies ensuring access to education, healthcare, and housing for all build long-term human capital and sustainable development.
✅ Inclusive growth leads to a wider distribution of wealth:
Eg: The Economic Survey recommends job creation in the textile and leather sectors, which are more sustainable than resource-intensive industries.
✅ Strong foundations:
Eg: Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) promoted financial inclusion, increasing savings and investments, thereby creating a virtuous cycle of growth.
✅ Withstanding shocks:
✅ Inclusive growth strengthens economic resilience, enabling the economy to better absorb social and economic shocks over the long run.
✅ Environmental sustainability:
Eg: Better income distribution enables households to shift from polluting fuels such as wood and cow dung to LPG and renewable energy, promoting sustainable development.
📍Conclusion
✅ Inclusiveness and sustainability are complementary pillars of development and align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
✅ By ensuring equitable opportunities while protecting environmental resources, inclusive growth promotes long-term, balanced, and sustainable economic development.
#Answer
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| 7 | 🔆 Q. Evaluate China’s rise as a selective revisionist power and examine how its normative agenda poses a challenge to India’s democratic and strategic interests. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
📍Core Demand of the Question
✅ Characteristics of China as a Selective Revisionist Power
✅ Challenges to India
✅ Way Forward
📍Introduction
✅ China’s rise represents a selective revisionist approach, where it works within existing global institutions while simultaneously reshaping global norms to align with its authoritarian governance model.
✅ It actively engages with institutions like the UN and WTO, while promoting AIIB and SCO to expand its influence.
📍China as a Selective Revisionist Power
✅ Institutional Engagement without Revolution: Participates in existing institutions while creating parallel platforms.
Eg: Increased UN budget contribution and creation of AIIB and New Development Bank (NDB).
✅ Operational Selective Adherence: Selectively follows international rules while rejecting adverse rulings.
Eg: Rejected the 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling on the South China Sea.
✅ Expansion through Multilateral Platforms: Uses BRI and SCO to shape regional norms without dismantling existing institutions.
📍Challenges to India
✅ Redefinition of Democracy & Human Rights: Prioritizes economic delivery over democratic accountability.
Eg: Global Security Initiative (GSI) challenges groupings like the QUAD.
✅ Civilizational & Governance Reinterpretation: Projects culturally relative governance models.
Eg: Global Civilization Initiative (GCI) presents human rights as context-dependent.
✅ Strategic Reinterpretation of Sovereignty: Applies sovereignty principles selectively to suit national interests.
Eg: China’s positions on Ukraine and regional disputes.
✅ Strategic Implications for India: Challenges India’s sovereignty and democratic model.
Eg: LAC border standoffs, Bhutan border issues, and BRI expansion.
📍Way Forward
✅ Strategic Partnerships: Deepen cooperation with like-minded democracies.
✅ Multilateral Engagement: Strengthen India’s role in regional and global institutions.
✅ Capability Enhancement: Invest in digital, economic, and military capacities.
✅ Connectivity: Expand regional connectivity to reduce dependence on China-led initiatives.
📍Conclusion
✅ China’s rise as a selective revisionist power presents both normative and strategic challenges.
✅ India should combine institutional engagement, capability building, and strategic partnerships to safeguard its democratic values and national interests.
#mains #Answer
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| 10 | 🔆 Q. Discuss why bonded labour persists in India despite a comprehensive legal framework. Evaluate the major bottlenecks in detection and prosecution. Also suggest measures to resolve the problem in a time-bound manner. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
📍 Core Demand of the Question
✅ Reasons for the Persistence of Bonded Labour
✅ Bottlenecks in Detection & Prosecution
✅ Way Forward
📍 Introduction
✅ Despite the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 and Article 23 of the Constitution, bonded labour continues in India’s informal economy due to poverty, migration, and weak enforcement.
📍 Why Does Bonded Labour Persist?
✅ Distress Migration: Rural poverty forces workers into exploitative jobs.
Eg: Contractors lure migrants with false job promises.
✅ Large Informal Sector: Over 80% of India’s workforce is employed in the unorganised sector with limited regulation.
✅ Socio-economic Vulnerability: SCs, STs, and other marginalised communities remain highly vulnerable.
✅ Lack of Awareness: Workers are often unaware of their legal rights and welfare schemes.
✅ Modern Debt Bondage: Exploitation through wage withholding, advance payments, confiscation of documents, and confinement.
📍 Bottlenecks in Detection & Prosecution
✅ Weak Labour Inspections: Poor monitoring of high-risk sectors.
✅ Inactive Vigilance Committees: Committees under the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 remain ineffective.
✅ Delayed Rehabilitation: Slow compensation and inadequate livelihood support increase the risk of re-trafficking.
✅ Low Conviction Rate: Delays in investigation and prosecution weaken deterrence.
✅ Poor Institutional Coordination: Limited convergence among Labour Department, Police, District Administration, and NGOs.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Strengthen Vigilance Committees and empower Gram Panchayats to identify vulnerable workers.
✅ Use technology and surprise inspections in high-risk sectors like brick kilns, factories, and agriculture.
✅ Ensure time-bound rehabilitation, skill development, and livelihood support.
✅ Improve coordination between Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Home Affairs, State Governments, and NGOs.
✅ Conduct awareness campaigns at railway stations, bus terminals, and migrant hubs.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Eliminating bonded labour requires moving beyond rescue operations towards prevention, rehabilitation, strict enforcement, and social empowerment, ensuring every worker enjoys the constitutional rights to dignity and freedom.
#mains #Answer
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| 12 | 🔆 Q. Despite being a cost-effective and socially beneficial strategy, Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) remains peripheral to India’s coastal management policies. Critically analyze the reasons behind this and suggest a way forward. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
📍 Core Demand of the Question
✅ Reasons for EbA’s Marginalisation
✅ Limitations of EbA
✅ Way Forward
📍 Introduction
✅ India’s 11,000-km coastline supports nearly 250 million people and is increasingly vulnerable to sea-level rise, cyclones, and saline intrusion.
✅ Despite the proven role of mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses, Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) remains peripheral in coastal management.
📍 Reasons for EbA’s Marginalisation
✅ Infrastructure Bias: Preference for hard engineering solutions.
Eg: Seawalls and embankments over mangroves despite their protection during Cyclone Dana.
✅ Low Recognition: Ecosystem restoration is often not formally recognised as EbA.
Eg: Mangrove and coral reef restoration receive limited policy attention.
✅ Institutional Silos: Multiple agencies manage coastal governance, leading to poor coordination.
Eg: CRZ implementation involves several departments.
✅ Short-Term Focus: Policymakers favour projects with immediate results.
Eg: Mangrove restoration takes years to provide full benefits.
📍 Limitations of EbA
✅ Space Constraints: Urban coastlines have limited scope for ecosystem restoration.
Eg: Mumbai’s densely developed coastline.
✅ Ecological Uncertainty: Effectiveness depends on ecosystem health.
Eg: Degraded coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar.
✅ Monitoring Challenges: Ecological benefits are difficult to quantify.
✅ Extreme Events: EbA alone may not withstand severe climate disasters.
Eg: NDMA recommends combining ecosystems with resilient infrastructure.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Policy Integration: Mainstream EbA into coastal, climate, and disaster management policies.
✅ Dedicated Climate Finance: Create funding windows for nature-based adaptation.
✅ Community Participation: Strengthen local involvement in ecosystem restoration.
Eg: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM).
✅ Scientific Mapping: Use GIS and ecological assessments to identify priority restoration sites.
Eg: ISRO’s Coastal Vulnerability Mapping.
✅ Hybrid Approach: Combine natural ecosystems with engineered infrastructure for greater resilience.
📍 Conclusion
✅ India should move beyond an infrastructure-centric approach and mainstream Ecosystem-based Adaptation through integrated policy, finance, science, and community participation to build climate-resilient coasts.
#Answer | 623 |
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| 17 | 🔆 Q. Mobilizing capital at scale, rather than the mere availability of financial instruments, remains the primary hurdle for India’s climate adaptation and mitigation targets. Evaluate the statement in the context of recent RBI initiatives and the need for a comprehensive Climate Finance Taxonomy. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
📍 Core Demand of the Question
✅ How RBI Measures Contribute To Climate Finance
✅ Limitations of RBI Measures
✅ Need For A Climate Finance Taxonomy
📍 Introduction
✅ India requires about ₹162.5 trillion ($2.5 trillion) by 2030 to meet its NDC commitments and $10.1 trillion by 2070 for Net Zero goals.
✅ Despite growing climate-finance instruments, adaptation gaps, investment risks, limited bankable projects, and institutional bottlenecks remain the principal challenge.
📍 How RBI Measures Contribute To Climate Finance
✅ Climate Risk Framework: RBI has proposed a framework requiring regulated entities to identify, assess, and manage climate risks.
Eg: RBI Draft Disclosure Framework on Climate-related Financial Risks (2024–25).
✅ Green Finance Push: RBI has encouraged climate-focused lending through Green Deposits and sustainable finance guidelines.
Eg: RBI Framework for Acceptance of Green Deposits (2023).
✅ Climate Disclosures: RBI is moving towards standardized climate disclosures aligned with global best practices.
Eg: Based on TCFD/ISSB principles.
📍 Limitations of RBI Measures
✅ Supply Focus: Improves financial availability but does not automatically generate demand for climate investments.
✅ Adaptation Neglect: Financial flows continue to favour mitigation over adaptation projects.
Eg: Renewable energy attracts more investment than climate-resilience projects.
✅ Classification Gaps: Absence of a unified taxonomy creates uncertainty about climate-friendly investments.
✅ Early-Stage Frameworks: Existing disclosure and risk frameworks have not yet translated into large-scale capital flows.
Eg: ₹162.5 trillion financing needs far exceed present green-finance flows.
📍 Need For A Climate Finance Taxonomy
✅ Common Definition: Provides a standardized classification of climate-aligned economic activities.
Eg: India’s Climate Finance Taxonomy is under development.
✅ Prevent Greenwashing: Clear criteria improve transparency and market credibility.
✅ Investor Confidence: Uniform standards help identify genuine climate projects.
Eg: EU Taxonomy.
✅ Better Allocation: Directs capital towards sectors with the highest mitigation and adaptation benefits.
✅ Global Alignment: Facilitates access to international climate finance and green capital markets.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Achieving India’s climate ambitions requires moving beyond financial instruments towards large-scale capital mobilisation.
✅ RBI initiatives provide an enabling foundation, but a comprehensive Climate Finance Taxonomy and stronger institutional architecture remain essential for efficient climate finance.
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