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UPSC Mains PYQ
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☑️ Join for mains Previous Year Questions Questions from 1999 - 2025 Questions will be segregated Subject/topic wise ✅Prelims PYQs @UPSC_Prelims_PYQ_MCQ ✅CSAT PYQs @UPSC_CSAT_PYQ
Mostrar más📈 Análisis del canal de Telegram UPSC Mains PYQ
El canal UPSC Mains PYQ (@cse_mains_pyq) en el segmento lingüístico de Inglés es un actor destacado. Actualmente la comunidad reúne a 45 031 suscriptores, ocupando la posición 3 974 en la categoría Educación y el puesto 8 426 en la región India.
📊 Métricas de audiencia y dinámica
Desde su creación el невідомо, el proyecto ha mostrado un crecimiento acelerado, reuniendo a 45 031 suscriptores.
Según los últimos datos del 30 junio, 2026, el canal mantiene una actividad estable. En los últimos 30 días la variación de miembros fue de -461, y en las últimas 24 horas de -31, conservando un alto alcance.
- Estado de verificación: No verificado
- Tasa de interacción (ER): El promedio de interacción de la audiencia es 3.13%. Durante las primeras 24 horas tras publicar, el contenido suele obtener 1.30% de reacciones respecto al total de suscriptores.
- Alcance de las publicaciones: Cada publicación recibe en promedio 1 408 visualizaciones. En el primer día suele acumular 586 visualizaciones.
- Reacciones e interacción: La audiencia responde de forma activa: el promedio de reacciones por publicación es 4.
- Intereses temáticos: El contenido se centra en temas clave como prelim, upsc, introduction, conclusion, topper.
📝 Descripción y política de contenido
El autor describe el recurso como un espacio para expresar opiniones subjetivas:
“☑️ Join for mains Previous Year Questions
Questions from 1999 - 2025
Questions will be segregated Subject/topic wise
✅Prelims PYQs @UPSC_Prelims_PYQ_MCQ
✅CSAT PYQs @UPSC_CSAT_PYQ”
Gracias a la alta frecuencia de actualizaciones (últimos datos recibidos el 01 julio, 2026), el canal mantiene la vigencia y un amplio alcance. La analítica demuestra que la audiencia interactúa activamente con el contenido, lo que lo convierte en un punto de referencia dentro de la categoría Educación.
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| Fecha | Crecimiento de Suscriptores | Menciones | Canales | |
| 01 julio | 0 |
Publicaciones del Canal
🔺️ UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
6 July to 4 December
✅ Daily 9 PM bot Quiz | 30 MCQs
✅Sunday OFF
✅ State PSC PYQs + Current affairs + Statics
✅Full syllabus schedule included
✅ MCQs available anytime for revision.
• Total 4000+ MCQ
☆fee ₹699rs
✅UPSC prelims accelerator start 14 december
✅PSC+ UPSC prelims accelerator ( 6 July to 15 may )
✅ PYQS ( UPSC, CDS, CAPF, NDA, UPPSC, RAS JKPSC, HCS PPSC, Kas, MPSC, OPSC, etc3)
Total que 8000+ MCQ
✅ one page shorts Notes
✅Both fee 1499rs
Sample question https://t.me/+RMQ69mdaUI1iMmNl
📞- @studytoday_bot
Note - imp topics mains shorts notes
| 2 | 🔆 UPSC MAINS ANSWER WRITING
📝 Q. What is Sea Surface Temperature (SST) rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones? (10 Marks | 150 Words)
Answer
📍 Introduction
✅ Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Rise refers to the increase in the temperature of the ocean’s upper layer, primarily due to anthropogenic climate change.
✅ Oceans absorb nearly 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases, making SST a key driver of climate change and tropical cyclone formation.
📍 Phenomenon of Sea Surface Temperature Rise
✅ Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Ocean Heat Absorption
Higher greenhouse gas concentrations trap heat, causing oceans to absorb more thermal energy and increasing SST.
✅ Carbon Dioxide Absorption
Oceans absorb nearly 30% of human-emitted CO₂, altering ocean chemistry and contributing to warming.
✅ Albedo Effect
Melting polar ice reduces Earth’s reflectivity, allowing oceans to absorb more solar radiation, creating a positive feedback loop.
✅ Global Warming
Global average temperatures have increased by nearly 1.1°C since pre-industrial times, leading to warmer ocean surfaces.
✅ Altered Ocean Currents
Changes in ocean circulation such as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) redistribute heat unevenly, causing regional warming.
✅ Enhanced Solar Heat Retention
Higher greenhouse gas concentrations increase heat retention, enabling oceans to store more thermal energy.
📍 Impact of SST Rise on Tropical Cyclone Formation
✅ Increases Cyclone Intensity
Warmer oceans provide greater latent heat, strengthening tropical cyclones.
Example: Cyclone Amphan (2020) rapidly intensified over the warm Bay of Bengal.
✅ More Frequent Severe Cyclones
Higher SSTs increase the occurrence of very severe cyclonic storms.
Example: 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season recorded an exceptionally high number of storms.
✅ Heavier Rainfall
Warmer seas increase atmospheric moisture, resulting in intense rainfall and flooding.
✅ Longer Cyclone Duration
Continuous heat supply enables cyclones to retain strength for longer durations.
Example: Cyclone Idai (2019) maintained high intensity over the warm Mozambique Channel.
✅ Shift in Cyclone Tracks
Anomalous SSTs can alter cyclone pathways, exposing new regions to cyclone risk.
Example: Hurricane Ophelia (2017) reached Ireland due to unusually warm North Atlantic waters.
✅ Higher Coastal Vulnerability
Countries bordering the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean are increasingly exposed to stronger cyclones.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Rising Sea Surface Temperatures are increasing the frequency, intensity, rainfall, duration, and geographical spread of tropical cyclones.
✅ Strengthening climate mitigation, early warning systems, coastal resilience, and disaster preparedness is essential to reduce future cyclone-related risks.
#Answer | 415 |
| 3 | 🔺️ UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
6 July to 4 December
• Daily 9 PM Quiz | 30 MCQs
•Sunday OFF
• State PSC PYQs + Current affairs + Statics
• Full syllabus schedule included
• MCQs available anytime for revision.
• Total 4000+ MCQ
☆fee ₹699rs
Sample question https://t.me/+RMQ69mdaUI1iMmNl
DM - @studytoday_bot
✅UPSC prelims accelerator start 14 december
✅PSC+ UPSC prelims accelerator ( 6 July to 15 may )
✅ PYQS ( UPSC, CDS, CAPF, NDA, UPPSC, RAS JKPSC, HCS PPSC, Kas, MPSC, OPSC, etc3)
Total que 8000+ MCQ
✅Both fee 1499rs
Note - imp topics mains shorts notes | 104 |
| 4 | Raj Krishna essay answer Copy marks 141
Click here to download | 437 |
| 5 | 🔆 2021 - Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (10)
The integration of 565 princely states into the Indian Union was one of the most complex administrative and socio-cultural challenges faced by independent India.
📍 Main Administrative Issues
✅ Proliferation of Small Principalities: Managing hundreds of fragmented, tiny states made coordinating a uniform consensus for accession exceptionally difficult.
✅ With British departure, paramountcy lapsed, giving princely states theoretical independence or choice to join India or Pakistan.
Eg- Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Kashmir posed major challenges.
✅ Resistance of Rulers – Many rulers were reluctant to surrender sovereignty and merge with India.
• Nizam of Hyderabad declared independence; required Operation Polo (1948) for integration.
• Nawab of Junagadh acceded to Pakistan despite a Hindu-majority population, requiring Indian military intervention.
✅ Administrative Reorganisation
• Diverse administrative systems, revenue codes, and legal frameworks had to be unified.
• Some states were merged into provinces, others into unions (Eg- Rajasthan formed by merging 19 states).
✅ Privy Purse and Privileges created a long-term financial burden and were abolished only in 1971 by Indira Gandhi.
✅ Disbanding or absorbing irregular princely state armies into the unified Indian Armed Forces presented severe logistical and ranking issues.
📍 Socio-Cultural Problems
✅ Demographic and Religious Mismatches: Severe tensions emerged in regions where the ruler’s personal faith differed completely from the majority population.
Eg- J&K
✅ Feudal Social Structures: Entrenched landlordism, bonded labour, and caste hierarchies in princely territories.
✅ Low Levels of Education and Modern Administration in many princely states.
✅ Regional and Linguistic Identities complicated integration.
Eg- Demand for linguistic reorganisation (SRC, 1956).
✅ Tribal and Ethnic Tensions in areas like Northeast India and Bastar.
✅ Deep-Rooted Feudal Allegiances: Decades of monarchical rule left local populations culturally more loyal to traditional princes than to a distant democratic federation.
✅ Communal Violence: The trauma of Partition ignited communal polarization in several states, making peaceful, secular integration harder to enforce.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Sardar Patel’s monumental efforts successfully overcame these multi-layered fractures, forging a unified, democratic, and geographically cohesive Indian nation.
#mains #answer | 797 |
| 6 | 🔺️ UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
6 July to 4 December
• Daily 9 PM Quiz | 30 MCQs
•Sunday OFF
• State PSC PYQs + Current affairs + Statics
• Full syllabus schedule included
• MCQs available anytime for revision.
• Total 4000+ MCQ
☆fee ₹699rs
Sample question https://t.me/+RMQ69mdaUI1iMmNl
DM - @studytoday_bot
✅UPSC prelims accelerator start 14 december
✅PSC+ UPSC prelims accelerator ( 6 July to 15 may )
✅ PYQS ( UPSC, CDS, CAPF, NDA, UPPSC, RAS JKPSC, HCS PPSC, Kas, MPSC, OPSC, etc3)
Total que 8000+ MCQ
✅Both fee 1499rs
Note - imp topics mains shorts notes | 311 |
| 7 | EPFO 2026
https://t.me/upsc_epfo_26 | 907 |
| 8 |  🔆 Q. Flooding in urban areas is an emerging climate-induced disaster. Discuss the causes of this disaster. Mention the features of two such major floods in the last two decades in India. Describe the policies and frameworks in India that aim at tackling such floods.
📍 Introduction
Urban flooding refers to the inundation of land and property in densely populated areas due to heavy rainfall overwhelming drainage systems. Climate change and unplanned urbanization have made such floods more frequent and intense in Indian cities.
📍 Causes of Urban Flooding
▪️ Climate Change:
✅ Rising temperatures increase atmospheric moisture, causing short-duration, high-intensity rainfall.
✅ Sea-level rise increases flood risk in coastal cities.
▪️ Unplanned Urbanisation:
✅ Rapid concretisation creates impermeable surfaces, reducing groundwater recharge and increasing runoff.
✅ Encroachment on lakes, wetlands and floodplains obstructs natural drainage channels.
▪️ Poor Drainage Infrastructure:
✅ Most cities have outdated and undersized storm-water drains.
✅ Drains are often clogged due to siltation and poor maintenance.
▪️ Improper Solid Waste Management:
✅ Plastic and garbage block drains and nalas, causing waterlogging during rains.
📍 Major Urban Floods in India
✅ Mumbai Floods, 2005
➡️ Triggered by 944 mm rainfall in 24 hours.
➡️ The city’s century-old drainage system could handle only 25 mm/hour.
➡️ Loss of mangroves and encroachment on the Mithi River worsened flooding.
✅ Chennai Floods, 2015
➡️ Caused by unprecedented rainfall and sudden release of water from the Chembarambakkam reservoir.
➡️ Destruction of wetlands and shrinkage of the Pallikaranai Marsh aggravated the disaster.
➡️ More than 300 urban water bodies had disappeared due to urban expansion.
📍 Policies and Frameworks in India
✅ National Disaster Management Authority Guidelines on Management of Urban Flooding (2010):
➡️ Recommends flood zoning, drainage mapping and early warning systems.
✅ Smart Cities Mission:
➡️ Encourages resilient urban infrastructure, smart drainage and GIS-based flood monitoring.
✅ Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0:
➡️ Focuses on storm-water drainage and sustainable urban infrastructure.
✅ Storm Water Drainage Manual, 2019:
➡️ Promotes scientific drainage design and integrated flood management.
📍 Conclusion
Urban flooding is no longer merely a natural hazard but a product of climate change and poor urban planning. Sustainable infrastructure, wetland conservation and robust drainage systems are essential to build resilient cities.
#Answer
https://t.me/CSE_MAINS_PYQ | 942 |
| 9 |  🔺️ UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
6 July to 4 December
• Daily 9 PM Quiz | 30 MCQs
•Sunday OFF
• State PSC PYQs + Current affairs + Statics
• Full syllabus schedule included
• MCQs available anytime for revision.
• Total 4000+ MCQ
☆fee ₹699rs
Sample question https://t.me/+RMQ69mdaUI1iMmNl
DM - @studytoday_bot
✅UPSC prelims accelerator start 14 december
✅PSC+ UPSC prelims accelerator ( 6 July to 15 may )
✅ PYQS ( UPSC, CDS, CAPF, NDA, UPPSC, RAS JKPSC, HCS PPSC, Kas, MPSC, OPSC, etc3)
Total que 8000+ MCQ
✅Both fee 1499rs
Note - imp topics mains shorts notes | 929 |
| 10 |  🔆 Q. Major hot deserts in the Northern Hemisphere are located between 20°–30° N latitude and on the western side of the continents. Why? (GS-1, 10 Marks, 2013)
📍 Introduction
✅ Hot deserts receive less than 25 cm annual rainfall and cover nearly 14% of Earth’s land surface.
✅ Sahara Desert is the world’s largest hot desert.
📍 Why are major hot deserts located between 20°–30° N on the western margins?
✅ 1. Sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt (Hadley Cell)
• Descending dry air suppresses cloud formation and rainfall.
• Example: Arabian Desert.
✅ 2. Offshore Trade Winds
• Winds blow from land to sea, carrying little moisture.
• Example: Sahara Desert (Western Africa).
✅ 3. Rain Shadow Effect
• Mountains block moisture-laden winds, creating dry leeward regions.
• Examples:
Patagonian Desert – Rain shadow of the Andes.
Death Valley – Rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada.
✅ 4. Cold Ocean Currents
• Cold currents cool the air, reducing evaporation and rainfall.
• Example: Mojave Desert influenced by the California Current.
✅ 5. Continentality
• Interior regions far from oceans receive little moisture.
• Examples:
Karakum & Kyzylkum Deserts.
Thar Desert, where southwest monsoon moisture weakens inland.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Apart from natural climatic factors, climate change and global warming are accelerating desertification worldwide.
✅ To combat this challenge, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was adopted in 1994 as a legally binding international agreement.
📝 Value Addition
“Deserts are shaped not merely by lack of rainfall, but by global atmospheric circulation, ocean currents, topography and continental location.”
#mains #answer | 1 142 |
| 11 | UPPSC 2026
विज्ञापन जारी. 25 जून 2026
ऑनलाइन आवेदन शुरू. 25 जून 2026
आवेदन की अंतिम तिथि. 27 जुलाई 2026
फीस जमा करने की अंतिम तिथि. 27 जुलाई 2026
आवेदन संशोधन/Correction की अंतिम तिथि. 03 अगस्त 2026
https://t.me/uppsc_prelims_mcq | 1 067 |
| 12 | EPFO 2026
https://t.me/upsc_epfo_26 | 1 594 |
| 13 | CSE 2026-27 mains value addition
🛑 CLICK HERE 🛑 | 1 751 |
| 14 | 🔆 Q. How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain.
📍 Introduction
✅ E-technology has emerged as a game-changer in agriculture through smartphones, digital platforms, precision farming tools, remote sensing, and e-commerce networks, improving productivity, efficiency, and profitability.
📍 Ways in which e-Technology Helps Farmers in Production of Agricultural Produce
✅ Precision Agriculture
• GPS, drones, and sensors enable precise sowing, irrigation, and harvesting.
• Example: John Deere GPS-enabled farming.
✅ Informed Decision-Making
• Soil-testing apps and digital advisory services help optimize fertilizer and input use.
• Example: AgroStar.
✅ Climate-Smart Agriculture
• Real-time weather forecasts assist farmers in planning operations and reducing risks.
• Example: IBM Weather Company.
✅ Irrigation Management
• Sensor-based irrigation systems improve water-use efficiency and reduce wastage.
✅ Disease & Pest Monitoring
• Mobile apps provide instant diagnosis and expert recommendations.
• Example: Plantix App.
✅ Remote Sensing & Data Analytics
• Satellite imagery and drones monitor crop health and predict yields.
• Examples: ISRO Remote Sensing, Microsoft FarmBeats.
✅ Land Surveying & Records
• GPS and drone-based mapping support land management.
• Example: SVAMITVA Scheme.
✅ Farmer Education & Information Access
• Digital platforms provide training, best practices, and agricultural advisories.
• Examples: Digital Green, AgriApp.
📍 Ways in which e-Technology Helps Farmers in Marketing Agricultural Produce
✅ Real-Time Market Information
• Farmers receive live market prices for informed selling decisions.
• Examples: Kisan Suvidha, AGMARKNET.
✅ Online Trading & Auctions
• Digital marketplaces connect farmers with a wider buyer base.
• Example: e-NAM.
✅ Direct-to-Consumer Marketing
• Social media and e-commerce platforms reduce intermediaries and improve farmer income.
✅ Collaborative Marketing
• Aggregator platforms strengthen collective bargaining power.
• Examples: DeHaat, NinjaCart.
✅ Transparency & Traceability
• QR codes and blockchain technology improve consumer trust.
• Example: AgriLedger.
✅ E-Certification
• Digital certification enables premium pricing for organic produce.
• Example: NPOP Certification.
📍 Government Initiatives
✅ NeGPA (National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture) – Promotes AI, ML, drones, robotics, blockchain, and data analytics.
✅ SMAM (Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization) – Expands access to farm mechanization through Custom Hiring Centres.
✅ e-NAM – Creates a unified national agricultural market.
✅ PM-KISAN Portal – Enables DBT and digital farmer registration.
✅ AGMARKNET – Provides nationwide market intelligence and price information.
📍 Conclusion
✅ E-technology is transforming both agricultural production and marketing by enabling precision farming, digital advisory services, market linkages, and transparent supply chains. Strengthening digital infrastructure and farmer digital literacy can further enhance sustainable and profitable agriculture.
#Answer | 1 782 |
| 15 | WhatsApp channel
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| 18 | 🔆 “The strength of a society is not in its laws, but in the morality of its people.” — Swami Vivekananda
📍 Core Idea
✅ A society’s true strength lies in the character, integrity and moral consciousness of its citizens rather than merely in external legal frameworks.
📍 Limitations of Laws
✅ Reactive Nature – Punish crimes but cannot prevent criminal intent.
✅ External Enforcement – Depend on police, courts and prisons for implementation.
✅ Loopholes Exist – Actions may be legally valid but socially harmful (e.g. tax avoidance).
✅ Minimum Standards – Laws prohibit the worst behaviour but cannot compel kindness or compassion.
✅ Ineffective Against Deep-rooted Prejudice – Social evils may persist despite legal prohibition.
✅ Legality ≠ Justice – Unjust laws can still exist (e.g. Nuremberg Laws).
✅ Fear-based Compliance – Obedience based on fear is temporary.
✅ Checklist Mentality – Following the letter of law while violating its spirit.
📍 Why Morality Makes Society Strong
✅ High Social Trust – Builds social capital and mutual confidence.
✅ Voluntary Law Abidance – Citizens follow rules even without enforcement.
✅ Responsible Citizenship – Encourages active participation in nation-building.
✅ Integrity in Public Life – Reduces corruption and promotes ethical governance.
✅ Guides Grey Areas – Morality helps where laws are silent.
✅ Protection of the Vulnerable – Duty-driven care beyond legal obligation.
✅ Inspires Reform – Moral values become the basis for just laws.
✅ Social Cohesion – Honesty and trust create a harmonious society.
✅ Conflict Resolution – Promotes dialogue and empathy over coercion.
✅ Ethical Leadership – Produces leaders of integrity and accountability.
✅ Sustainable Development – Conservation driven by values, not merely penalties.
✅ Promotes Equality & Justice – Encourages dignity, inclusion and gender justice.
📍 Conclusion
“Laws govern behaviour; morality governs conscience.”
✅ The real strength of a nation lies not only in its Constitution and institutions, but in the ethical values of its citizens. A morally conscious society requires fewer laws and builds a stronger democracy.
#Answer | 2 129 |
| 19 | CSE Prelims 2026 Result
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| 20 | CSE Prelims 2026 Result
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