UPSC Mains PYQ
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☑️ Join for mains Previous Year Questions Questions from 1999 - 2025 Questions will be segregated Subject/topic wise ✅Prelims PYQs @UPSC_Prelims_PYQ_MCQ ✅CSAT PYQs @UPSC_CSAT_PYQ
Show more📈 Analytical overview of Telegram channel UPSC Mains PYQ
Channel UPSC Mains PYQ (@cse_mains_pyq) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 45 161 subscribers, ranking 3 989 in the Education category and 8 412 in the India region.
📊 Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on невідомо, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 45 161 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 24 July, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -5 over the last 30 days and by -9 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 1.96%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 0.97% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 887 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 439 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 2.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as prelim, upsc, introduction, conclusion, topper.
📝 Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
“☑️ Join for mains Previous Year Questions
Questions from 1999 - 2025
Questions will be segregated Subject/topic wise
✅Prelims PYQs @UPSC_Prelims_PYQ_MCQ
✅CSAT PYQs @UPSC_CSAT_PYQ”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 25 July, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
45 161
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-924 hours
-1267 days
-530 days
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Channel Posts
72th BPSC Prelims daily MCQ
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UPPSC Prelims daily MCQ
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| 2 |  🔆 MODEL MAINS Q/A
📍 Q. Recent Strait of Hormuz geopolitics exposed vulnerabilities in India’s energy supply chains. Discuss India’s strategic necessity to diversify maritime routes with lessons from UAE’s Zero Hormuz Dependency model. (10 Marks | 150 Words)
📍 Answer
Introduction:
The Strait of Hormuz is India’s most critical energy chokepoint, carrying a significant share of its crude oil and LPG imports. Recent geopolitical tensions have highlighted the risks of excessive dependence on a single maritime route, making diversification an urgent strategic priority.
📍 Strategic Vulnerabilities of India’s Energy Supply Chains
✅ Overdependence on Hormuz: Disruptions can severely impact India’s energy security and economy. Eg: Iran–US tensions (2026).
✅ Limited strategic reserves: India’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) covers only about 9.5 days of net imports.
✅ Limited Indian shipping capacity: Dependence on foreign-flagged vessels increases logistical and strategic risks.
✅ Transit-state leverage: Control over maritime transit by regional powers can influence energy flows and costs.
📍 Need to Diversify Maritime Routes
✅ Alternative ports & corridors: Strengthen access through Fujairah (UAE), Duqm & Salalah (Oman), and Chabahar (Iran) to reduce Hormuz dependence.
✅ Expand strategic storage: Develop additional underground caverns, tank farms, and inland logistics to absorb supply shocks.
✅ Learn from UAE’s “Zero Hormuz Dependency”: Build pipeline-linked export infrastructure outside the Strait to ensure uninterrupted energy supplies.
✅ Strengthen energy partnerships: Deepen long-term cooperation with UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and other Gulf partners for resilient supply chains.
Conclusion:
India’s energy security requires diversified maritime routes, enhanced storage capacity, and stronger strategic partnerships. Adapting lessons from the UAE’s Zero Hormuz Dependency model will improve resilience against geopolitical disruptions and safeguard long-term national energy security.
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| 4 | जो स्टूडेंट्स Daily Current Affairs प्राप्त करना चाहते है वो जल्दी से इस चैनल में जॉइन कर ले।
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| 6 |  🔆 MODEL MAINS Q/A
📍 Q. The Aravalli Range is not merely a geological relic, but a vital climatological shield for the highly populated Indo-Gangetic Plains. Examine this statement in light of recent environmental degradation and the increasing frequency of pre-monsoon dust storms. (15 Marks | 250 Words)
📍 Answer
Introduction: Stretching over 700 km across north-western India, the ancient Aravalli Range acts as a natural ecological barrier against desertification and dust transport. However, its rapid degradation is weakening this climatological function and increasing the vulnerability of the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plains.
📍 Aravallis as a Climatological Shield
✅ Dust barrier: The hills obstruct dust-laden winds from the Thar Desert, reducing their speed and encouraging sand deposition on western slopes
✅ Natural scrubber: Vegetation cover filters airborne dust and sand particles, improving regional air quality.
✅ Desertification check: The range acts as a barrier against the eastward expansion of arid conditions towards fertile northern plains
✅ Climate regulator: By intercepting atmospheric dust, the Aravallis influence solar radiation and surface temperatures
✅ Population shield: Reduced dust transport protects major population centres, including Delhi-NCR, from severe air pollution and associated health risks
📍 Degradation & Rising Dust-Storm Vulnerability
✅ Mining pressure: Extensive extraction of granite, silica and other minerals has damaged hill structures and weakened their barrier function.
✅ Forest loss: Declining vegetation reduces the natural dust-trapping capacity of the landscape
✅ Disappearing hills: The Forest Survey of India 2018 found that 31 of 128 Aravalli hills in Rajasthan had disappeared
✅ Widening gaps: Degradation of natural corridors allows dust-laden winds to penetrate deeper into northern India
✅ Greater dust intrusion: Even moderate pre-monsoon winds can increasingly transport desert dust towards the Indo-Gangetic Plains
📍 Way Forward
✅ Accelerate native afforestation through the Aravalli Green Wall Project
✅ Strictly regulate illegal mining and restore abandoned quarry sites
✅ Prioritise ecological restoration of degraded hill gaps and corridors
✅ Strengthen GIS and satellite-based monitoring of mining, encroachments and forest loss
✅ Integrate Aravalli conservation with regional air-quality, desertification and climate-adaptation strategies
📍 Conclusion
The Aravallis are not merely an ancient geological formation but a critical climate-security infrastructure for northern India. Their restoration is essential to curb desertification, reduce dust-storm vulnerability and strengthen the ecological resilience of the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
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| 11 |  Q. The expansion of the UN Security Council is not just about correcting historical injustices, but about ensuring its operational credibility in a multi-polar world. Critically analyse India's claim for a permanent seat and the structural challenges of the reform process.
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| 12 | 🔆 MODEL MAINS Q/A
📍 Q. The expansion of the UN Security Council is not just about correcting historical injustices, but about ensuring its operational credibility in a multi-polar world. Critically analyse India’s claim for a permanent seat and the structural challenges of the reform process. (15 Marks | 250 Words)
📍 Answer
Introduction: India’s claim for permanent membership of the UN Security Council (UNSC) rests on its demographic weight, economic influence, military capabilities and normative contributions. With 1.4 billion people, significant economic weight and a longstanding contribution to UN peacekeeping, India possesses both the capacity and responsibility to contribute to global peace and security.
📍 India’s Case for Permanent Membership
✅ Demographic & economic weight: India represents a significant share of humanity and is a major actor influencing global trade, technology and energy markets
✅ Military & strategic contribution: India possesses robust armed forces and has contributed troops to UN peacekeeping missions since 1948
✅ Normative leadership: India champions multilateralism, maritime security and sustainable development, reflected in initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance
✅ Global governance role: India’s G20 Presidency and engagement with the Global South demonstrate its growing role in shaping international governance
📍 Structural Challenges in UNSC Reform
✅ Limited P5 consensus: Existing permanent members remain reluctant to dilute their institutional influence
✅ Veto & procedural rigidity: Under Article 108 of the UN Charter, amendments require approval by two-thirds of the General Assembly and ratification by all five permanent members
✅ Representation dilemma: Balancing claims from Asia, Africa and other under-represented regions while maintaining operational efficiency remains difficult
✅ Competing reform models: The G4 proposal for new permanent seats faces resistance from rival regional groupings and lacks universal consensus
📍 Way Forward
✅ Strengthen the G4 and build broader coalitions with groups such as the L.69 and C-10
✅ Pursue “minilateral-to-multilateral” diplomacy to generate wider support for reform
✅ Advocate pragmatic reforms regarding the veto rights of new permanent members
✅ Highlight India’s contributions to peacekeeping, climate action and development cooperation
✅ Institutionalise a more transparent and inclusive negotiation process for UNSC reform
📍 Conclusion
India’s permanent membership is essential for making the UNSC more representative, legitimate and effective in a multipolar world. However, achieving reform requires sustained coalition-building, procedural innovation and diplomatic engagement to overcome entrenched geopolitical interests.
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| 18 | 🔆 MODEL MAINS Q/A
📍 Q. Critically analyse the recent shift in India–US relations under the ‘America First’ policy. How should India balance its Strategic Autonomy amidst growing Transactional Diplomacy? (15 Marks | 250 Words)
📍 Answer
Introduction: The ‘America First’ approach has introduced greater transactionalism into India–US relations, with trade disputes and divergent strategic priorities testing the partnership. Yet, strong convergence in the Indo-Pacific and critical technologies continues to sustain bilateral cooperation.
📍 Opportunities from the Shift
✅ Strategic realism: Encourages pragmatic cooperation based on clearly defined mutual interests, particularly through the Quad
✅ Diversified partnerships: Incentivises India to deepen simultaneous engagement through platforms such as BRICS, I2U2 and IMEC
✅ Domestic capacity: External uncertainty strengthens the case for Atmanirbhar Bharat and resilient indigenous manufacturing
✅ Negotiating autonomy: Enables India to prioritise national interests, as reflected in its independent approach towards Russian energy imports
✅ Issue-based cooperation: Allows collaboration in areas such as AI, semiconductors, defence and critical technologies without requiring complete strategic alignment
📍 Challenges
✅ Trust deficit: Policy unpredictability can weaken confidence in long-term strategic commitments
✅ Trade friction: Protectionism and tariff measures can adversely affect bilateral economic relations
✅ Strategic uncertainty: Transactional policies complicate long-term defence and geopolitical planning
✅ Regional concerns: Divergent approaches towards Pakistan and other regional security issues can generate strategic differences
✅ Technology vulnerability: Export controls and supply-chain restrictions may affect India’s access to critical technologies
📍 Balancing Strategic Autonomy
✅ Pursue multi-alignment through simultaneous engagement with the Quad, BRICS, SCO and G20
✅ Strengthen domestic economic, technological and defence capabilities to reduce external vulnerabilities
✅ Follow issue-based partnerships, cooperating where interests converge while retaining independent policy choices
✅ Strengthen institutional mechanisms such as the 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue to manage disagreements
✅ Clearly communicate India’s strategic priorities and red lines to major partners
📍 Conclusion
India should pursue principled multi-alignment, treating the US as an important strategic partner without allowing partnership to become dependence. Strategic autonomy must remain the foundation through which India converts transactional diplomacy into opportunities while safeguarding its sovereign decision-making.
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| 19 | CDS, NDA , CAPF
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