CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA

21th September pib summary #pib Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC        https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

🔆 Dhamma and its Relevance in the Contemporary World 📍 The Concept of Dhamma: Buddhist & Ashokan Perspectives • 🟢 In Buddhism, Dhamma encompasses the teachings of the Buddha (originally compiled in the Pali canon or Tipitaka) aimed at overcoming suffering (dukkha). It serves as one of the Three Refuges and guides followers toward enlightenment through the Noble Eightfold Path and meditation. • 🟢 Under Emperor Ashoka (268–232 BCE), Dhamma (the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word Dharma) was propagated through his edicts not as a religious faith, but as a generalized norm of social behavior based on ethical foundations like Samyam (mastery of senses), Satya (truthfulness), Daya (kindness), and Bhav-suddhi (purity of thoughts). 📍 Relevance in Today's World • 🟢 Global Peace & Diplomacy: The rising tide of extreme global violence and hostile bilateral relations can be mitigated by adopting Ahimsa (non-violence in deed, word, and thought) and Dhamma Vijay, which emphasizes cultural engagements and people-to-people interactions over conflict. • 🟢 Good Governance & Probity: The ideal of Paternal Kingship offers a framework to fight corruption, nepotism, and the misappropriation of public resources, while Satya ensures the much-needed transparency and accountability in public life. • 🟢 Social Harmony & Ecology: Principles of Sarva dharma sambhav can productively resolve inter-religious conflicts, and applying Daya and Karuna acts as a moral countermeasure against modern cruelty towards animals and ecological degradation. • 🟢 Character & Family Institution: Individual moral character can be strengthened through Sanyam and Bhavashuddhi, while the values of Kritjnata (gratitude) and Apichiti (reverence) remain crucial for supporting family structures and ensuring elder care. 📍 Mains Practice Question • 🟢 "The socio-ethical tenets of Ashoka's Dhamma transcend their ancient historical context to offer enduring solutions for contemporary global and domestic challenges." Analyze this statement, highlighting the relevance of Dhamma in modern governance, international relations, and social harmony. #history #prelims #mains Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history

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PIB summary 15 September to 22 September https://www.instagram.com/p/DdoE9snEgs0/?img_index=5&stkn=M3A4a3dycDRnbmQ4

20th September pib summary #pib Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC        https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

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Hanamkonda thousand pillar temple #art_and_culture #currentaffairs

22th September UPSC current affairs #currentaffairs #prelims Join https://t.me/upsc_prelims_2027_28

🔆 ONE-LINERS | 22 SEPTEMBER 2026 📚 UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1 🔆 SOCIAL ISSUES 📍 Biovigilance Programme of India 🟢 Approved by the Government of India in September 2026 to monitor adverse events linked to medicines and biological products used in organ & tissue transplantation. 🟢 Lead Agency: Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC). 🟢 Covers products/medicines used by both donors and recipients. 🟢 Complements PvPI (drugs) and MvPI (medical devices), creating an integrated safety framework. 🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 📍 Nomadic Elephant 2026 🟢 18th India–Mongolia Joint Military Exercise commenced on 21 September 2026 at Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand. 🟢 Duration: 21 September–3 October 2026. 🟢 Participants: 45 personnel each from Indian Army & Mongolian Armed Forces. 🟢 Focus: Counter-Insurgency Operations in semi-urban & mountainous terrain under a UN mandate. 🟢 Conducted annually and alternately in India and Mongolia. 🔆 ECONOMY 📍 Asia’s First Telecom Manufacturing Zone 🟢 Being established in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. 🟢 Investment proposals: approximately ₹5,500 crore. 🟢 24 global & domestic companies have initiated applications. 🟢 Common Testing Lab package: around ₹500 crore. 🟢 Products: mobile phones, fibre-optic cables, antennas, satellite gear & semiconductor components. 🟢 Expected to create 18,000+ direct jobs. 🟢 Aim: Reduce import dependence and strengthen domestic 5G/6G manufacturing. 🔆 ENVIRONMENT 📍 World Water Monitoring Day 🟢 Observed annually on 18 September; 2026 marked its 24th annual event. 🟢 Established in 2003 by America’s Clean Water Foundation. 🟢 Globally coordinated through the EarthEcho Water Challenge. 🟢 Key parameters: temperature, pH, turbidity & dissolved oxygen (DO). 🟢 Promotes community-based monitoring and protection of freshwater ecosystems. 📍 India’s Largest Solar Cell Facility 🟢 Premier Energies commissioned a 7 GW solar cell facility at Naidupeta, Andhra Pradesh. 🟢 Area: 101 acres | Investment: ₹3,293 crore. 🟢 Technology: N-type TOPCon G12R solar cells. 🟢 Target average efficiency: approximately 25.8% after stabilisation. 🟢 AI, digital systems & automated material handling integrated into production. 🟢 Total solar cell manufacturing capacity of the company rises to 10.6 GW. 📍 WWF Global Conservation Conference 🟢 Opened on 21 September 2026 in Jaipur, Rajasthan. 🟢 Delegates/leaders from 100+ countries participated. 🟢 Focus: biodiversity conservation, community participation & human–wildlife coexistence. 🟢 India’s protected areas increased from ~750 to 1,000+ over the past decade. 🟢 Tiger reserves: 47 → 58 | Elephant reserves: 30 → 33. 🟢 Ramsar sites: 24 → 101. 📍 Swachh Sagar, Surakshit Sagar 2026 🟢 5th edition conducted from 12–19 September 2026. 🟢 Led by Ministry of Earth Sciences and coordinated by NCCR. 🟢 Cleanup activities at 231 locations across 13 States/UTs. 🟢 15 lakh+ people took the Ocean Conservation Pledge. 🟢 Included initiatives such as the Sagar Prahari app and Ocean Olympiad. 🟢 Campaign culminated on International Coastal Cleanup Day. 🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 📍 Advanced Radar Research Centre – Project NETRA 🟢 ISRO is establishing the centre at Chandrapur near Guwahati, Assam. 🟢 Part of Project NETRA for Space Situational Awareness (SSA). 🟢 Land: approximately 67–70 acres. 🟢 Designed to track orbital objects as small as 10 cm within a range of 2,000 km. 🟢 Enables all-weather tracking, complementing optical telescopes such as Hanle, Ladakh. 🟢 Also supports research on clouds, atmosphere & regional meteorological phenomena. #CurrentAffairs

🔆 AADI FARMER CARBON PROGRAMME 📍 Why in News? 🟢 India’s first soil-carbon payments will reach 2,550 farmers in Punjab and Haryana under the ‘Aadi’ Farmer Carbon Programme. 🟢 Farmers are set to receive more than ₹2.9 crore through digital payments. 📍 About Aadi Programme 🟢 Launched by Grow Indigo in 2019 with technical guidance from ICAR. 🟢 It is described as India’s first flagship farmer-carbon programme to issue agricultural carbon credits under Verra’s VM0042 methodology. 🟢 Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. 🟢 It involves ICAR institutions, agricultural universities, KVKs and State institutions. 📍 Objective 🟢 Encourage regenerative and climate-smart agriculture. 🟢 Provide farmers with an additional source of income through carbon credits. 🟢 Promote better soil health and climate resilience in Punjab and Haryana. 📍 Key Practices 🟢 Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) 🟢 Reduced tillage 🟢 Improved crop-residue management 🟢 Water conservation 📍 How Carbon Credits Were Generated? 🟢 Greenhouse-gas reductions and increases in soil carbon resulting from improved farming practices were scientifically measured and independently verified. 🟢 Carbon credits were then issued based on the verified results. 📍 First Carbon Credit Issuance 🟢 Covered around 30,000 acres. 🟢 Generated 50,000+ carbon credits. 🟢 Participating farmers received approximately ₹3,000–₹15,000, depending on their share of carbon credits generated from their fields. 📍 Payment Mechanism 🟢 Grow Indigo released payments from its own funds before the carbon credits were fully sold. 🟢 This allowed farmers to receive payments without waiting for sale proceeds. 🟢 Farmers could choose between an assured upfront payment and 75% of net carbon revenue after carbon-credit sales. 📍 Scale of the Programme 🟢 Currently covers 20 lakh+ acres. 🟢 Covers 1 lakh+ farmers across 7 states. 📌 PRELIMS FOCUS 🟢 VM0042: Verra methodology for quantifying GHG reductions and soil-carbon storage from improved agricultural land management. 🟢 DSR: Direct Seeded Rice 🟢 Carbon credits: Financial mechanism linked to verified emission reductions/removals. 🟢 Aadi: Farmer-carbon programme focused on regenerative and climate-smart agriculture. ✍️ MAINS PRACTICE Discuss how soil-carbon markets can promote regenerative agriculture while creating an additional income stream for Indian farmers. #goverment_schemes Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme

🔆 CHARTER ACT OF 1813 📚 UPSC HISTORY | Modern India 📍 Why was the Charter Act of 1813 introduced? 🟢 Economic Reasons • Industrial Revolution created pressure to open the Indian market to British merchants. • British industrialists viewed India as a large market for factory-made goods and a supplier of raw materials. • Company rule was expected to facilitate law and order and commercial conditions for British trade. 🟢 Ideological Reasons • The defeat of Napoleon and success of the Industrial Revolution strengthened the confidence of Utilitarians and Liberals in Britain. • Thinkers such as Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, James Mill, John Stuart Mill and Thomas Macaulay emphasised science, reason, law and government. • They believed these principles could also be used to improve conditions in India. 🟢 Evangelical Influence • Charles Grant and William Wilberforce advocated the spread of Christianity and education. • They sought to eradicate what they considered ignorance and superstition. • Charles Grant argued that Britain had a duty to civilise Indians and promote their material prosperity. • Evangelicals demanded permission for Christian missionaries to enter India. 📍 Major Provisions 🟢 End of Company’s Trade Monopoly: Trade with India was opened to all British merchants and free traders. 🟢 The Company retained its monopoly over tea trade and trade with China. 🟢 The Act asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Company’s territories in India. 🟢 Christian missionaries were permitted to enter India. 🟢 Provision was made for the spread of education, revival of literature and promotion of sciences among the inhabitants of British territories. 🟢 ₹1 lakh annually was earmarked for promoting education among Indians. 🟢 The General Committee on Public Instruction was later established and headed by H. Wilson. 🟢 Plans were made for a Sanskrit College at Calcutta, Oriental colleges at Agra and Delhi, and financial assistance to existing tols and madrasas. 🟢 Local governments were authorised to impose taxes and punish persons for non-payment. 📍 Economic Impact — Deindustrialisation 🟢 India increasingly became a supplier of raw materials while its economy was controlled from outside. 🟢 British factory-made goods flooded Indian markets. 🟢 Protective duties in Britain restricted the entry of Indian manufactured goods. 🟢 India’s traditional cotton textile industry declined as it could not compete with industrially produced British textiles. 🟢 Raw-material producers became vulnerable to international economic cycles and fluctuations. 📍 Chinese Opium Trade 🟢 With the loss of the Company’s monopoly over Indian trade, China became increasingly important for the Company’s trade network. 🟢 Raw cotton and opium became important sources of revenue. 🟢 Revenue from these activities helped finance the procurement of Chinese tea for export to Britain. 🟢 Opium cultivation was concentrated initially in Bihar and later expanded into Malwa. 🟢 Cultivation was tightly controlled through advances to growers, while opium was also sold to private British traders who smuggled it into China. 🟢 The notes highlight that profits from opium sales amounted to about 20% of Indian revenues and supported the Company’s finances. 📍 Education & Missionary Dimension 🟢 The Act marked an important step towards state-supported education in India. 🟢 However, the notes also emphasise that education had a colonial objective, including creating a sense of commitment among Company officials and training Indians. 🟢 The missionary provision also contributed to concerns regarding religious influence and conversions. #history #prelims #mains Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history