UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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Channel UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 66 489 subscribers, ranking 2 465 in the Education category and 4 961 in the India region.
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Since its creation on Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎ, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 66 489 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 10 July, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -1 087 over the last 30 days and by -27 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
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- Post reach: On average, each post receives 3 520 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 2 380 views.
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- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as prelim, hindu, sanctuary, upsc, polity.
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The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
βThis channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybotβ
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 11 July, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
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Posts Archive
66 469
β FACTORS AFFECT SOIL FORMATION IN INDIA.
#Soil
3. CLIMATE.
β Temperature and rainfall are the most important factors in soil formation.
β They determine the effectiveness of weathering of the parent material, the quantity of water seeping through the soil and the type of micro-organisms present therein.
β Two different parent materials may develop the same soil in the same type of climate.
βͺοΈSOURCE - D.R. Khullar (Chapter-7)
66 469
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10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
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66 469
DAF Guidance session!!
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66 469
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66 469
β FACTORS AFFECT SOIL FORMATION IN INDIA.
#Soil
1. PARENT MATERIAL.
β The rocks from which soils are formed are called parent materials.
β In most of the cases, the parent material determines the colouration, mineral composition and texture
of the soil.
β In some cases, the soil formed may or may not have the same physical properties as the parent rock.
β Climatic factors induce chemical changes which also affect the physical properties of the soil.
β The surface rocks are exposed to the process of weathering. In this process, the rocks are converted into
fine grains and provide a base for the soil formation.
β In Indian Conditions, parent material is generally categorized into :-
1. Ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
2. Cuddapah and Vindhyan rocks.
3. Gondwana rocks.
4. Deccan basalts.
5. Tertiary and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of extra peninsular India {Rock System}.
66 469
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66 469
Mains Topicwise PYQ Notes- Paper wise and Topic wise Mains PYQ Notes- For GS 1, 2, 3, 4 and Essay!
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66 469
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66 469
β HIMALAYAN DRY TEMPERATE FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
β Precipitation is below 100 cm and is mostly in the form of snow.
β‘ CHARACTERSTICS.
β Coniferous forests with xerophytic shrubs in which deodar, oak, ash, olive, etc are the main trees.
β Such forests are found in the inner dry ranges of the Himalayas where south-west monsoon is very feeble.
β Such areas are in Ladakh, Lahul, Chamba, Kinnaur, Garhwal and Sikkim.
βͺοΈSOURCE - D.R. KHULLAR [CHAPTER -7 ]
66 469
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 469
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66 469
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Hindu newspaper notes
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66 469
β HIMALAYAN MOIST TEMPERATE FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
β Annual rainfall varies from 150 cm to 250 cm.
β‘ DISTRIBUTION.
β Occurs in the temperate zone of the Himalayas between 1500 and 3300 metres.
β Cover the entire length of this mountain range in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling and
Sikkim.
β‘ CHARACTERSTICS.
β Mainly composed of coniferous species.
β Species occur in mostly pure strands.
β Trees are 30 to 50 m high.
β Pines, cedars, silver firs, spruce, etc. are most important trees.
β They are fairly open forests with shrubby undergrowth including oaks, rhododendrons and some bamboos.
66 469
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66 469
DAF Guidance session!!
EnlightIAS is conducting a special session on DAF! Mains 2023 candidates can contact @EnlightIAS_help to join EnlightIAS super 300 program under previous year toppers! It's a free initiative! All the best
66 469
GEOGRAPHY MINDMAPS - CLICK HERE
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HISTORY MINDMAPS - CLICK HERE
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TARGET YEAR - 2024
66 469
β MONTANE WET TEMPERATE FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
β‘ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
β Grows at a height of 1800 to 3000 m above sea level.
β Mean annual rainfall is 150 cm to 300 cm.
β Mean annual temperature is about 11 to 14 Β°C.
β‘ DISTRIBUTION.
β’ Higher hills of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, in the Eastern Himalayan region.
Characteristics
β These are closed evergreen forests. Trunks have a large girth.
β Branches are clothed with mosses, ferns and other epiphytes.
β The trees rarely achieve a height of more than 6 metres.
β Deodar, Chilauni, Indian chestnut, birch, blue pine, oak, hemlock, etc. are important species.
βͺοΈD.R. KHULLAR { CHAPTER -7 }
