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๐ซ Asthma (ุงูุฑุจู)
๐ฌ Pathophysiology
(ุดู ูุตูุฑ ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฌุณู
ุ)
ุงูู Asthma ุฃุณุงุณู
inflammation + bronchoconstriction + mucus ๐ค
๐น Driven by:
1. Atopy (extrinsic asthma) ๐ ูุนูู ุดุฎุต ุนูุฏู ุญุณุงุณูุฉ ูุฑุงุซูุฉ ๐คง
2. Allergens (dust, pollen) ๐ ุบุจุงุฑ ๐ซ๏ธ + ุญุจูุจ ููุงุญ ๐ธ
3. Family history ๐ ุชุงุฑูุฎ ุนุงุฆูู ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ
4. Viral infections ๐ ุนุฏูู ููุฑูุณูุฉ ๐ฆ
๐น Triggers:
1. Exercise ๐โโ๏ธ
2. Cold air โ๏ธ
3. Drugs:
Aspirin ๐
ฮฒ-blockers ๐
๐ก ุงูุดุนุจ ุงูููุงุฆูุฉ ุชุถูู + ุชูุชูุจ + ููุซุฑ ุงูู
ุฎุงุท โ ูุตูุฑ ุตุนูุจุฉ ูู ุงูุชููุณ
1. According to the 'New Universal Definition of HF (2021),' which of the following is an absolute requirement to classify a patient as having the clinical syndrome of Heart Failure?
The Diagnostic #Triad_Diagnosis of H.F. is based on a triad of:
โA. Typical Symptoms: Shortness of breath, Fatigue.
โB. Signs: Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Peripheral edema, Pulmonary bilateral basal crepitation (BBC).
โC. Structural or Functional Cardiac Abnormalities: (Cardiomegaly).
#The_New_Universal_Definition_of_HF
A CLINICAL SYNDROME with current or prior Symptoms and/or Signs that result from any STRUCTURAL and/or FUNCTIONAL cardiac abnormality that โ the ability of the ventricle(s) to Fill with and/or Eject bloodโฆ corroborated by at least one of the following:
โโ Natriuretic Peptide levels or Objective evidence of Cardiogenic Pulmonary or Systemic congestion.
โ#The_Physiological_Definition
โHF is defined as the inability of the heart to maintain cardiac output sufficient to metabolic requirements of the body in spite of adequate venous return.
ูุชุนุฑูู ุนุงุฏู:
ุนุฏู
ูุฏุฑุฉ ุงูููุจ ุนูู ุงูู
ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนูู Cardiac Output ูุงูู ูุชูุจูุฉ metabolic requirements ู
ุชุงุน ุงูุฌุณู
ุ ุฑุบู
ูุฌูุฏ adequate venous return.
#Definition
Heart Failure
ููุนุฑูู ุจุฃูู clinical syndrome ูููู ููู current ุฃู prior symptoms ู/ุฃู signs ูุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู structural ุฃู functional cardiac abnormality ุชููู ูุฏุฑุฉ ventricle(s) ุนูู fill ุจุงูุฏู
ุฃู eject ุงูุฏู
.
ููุงุฒู
ูููู ู
ุฏุนูู
(corroborated)
ุจูุงุญุฏ ุนูู ุงูุฃูู ู
ู ุงูุขุชู:
1. #Congestion:
ูุฌูุฏ ุฏููู ุนูู Cardiogenic Pulmonary congestion ุฃู Systemic congestion.
2. #Biomarkers:
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู
ุณุชูู Natriuretic Peptide levels ูู ุงูุฏู
.
#Objective Evidence:
ูุฌูุฏ ุฏููู physical ุฃู imaging ูุจูู systemic ุฃู pulmonary congestion.
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