Science in telegram
Kanalga Telegram’da o‘tish
Science that matters: AI, space, biotech, physics, future tech — explained sharply
Ko'proq ko'rsatish📈 Telegram kanali Science in telegram analitikasi
Science in telegram (@science) Ingliz til segmentidagi kanali faol ishtirokchi. Hozirda hamjamiyat 120 180 obunachidan iborat bo'lib, Maʼlumotlar toifasida 102-o'rinni va AQSH mintaqasida 175-o'rinni egallagan.
📊 Auditoriya ko‘rsatkichlari va dinamika
невідомо sanasidan buyon loyiha tez o‘sib, 120 180 obunachiga ega bo‘ldi.
16 Oktabr, 2026 dagi oxirgi ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra kanal barqaror faollikka ega. Oxirgi 30 kunda obunachilar soni -87 ga, so‘nggi 24 soatda esa -38 ga o‘zgardi va umumiy qamrov yuqori darajada qolmoqda.
- Tasdiqlash holati: Tasdiqlanmagan
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“Science that matters: AI, space, biotech, physics, future tech — explained sharply”
Yuqori yangilanish chastotasi (oxirgi ma’lumot 17 Oktabr, 2026 da olingan) sababli kanal doimo dolzarb va katta qamrovli bo‘lib qoladi. Analitika auditoriya kontent bilan faol hamkorlik qilishini, uni Maʼlumotlar toifasidagi muhim ta’sir nuqtasiga aylantirishini ko‘rsatadi.
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| 11 | 🌌 WHAT IF THE UNIVERSE IS ALIVE — AND BLACK HOLES ARE HOW IT REPRODUCES?
What if our universe isn’t a cosmic accident, but the product of billions of years of evolution across generations of universes? And what if black holes aren’t the end of something, but the beginning of entirely new worlds?
This extraordinary idea is called Cosmological Natural Selection.
Its pioneer was the American theoretical physicist Lee Smolin, who developed the hypothesis in a 1992 scientific paper and explored it in detail in his 1997 book The Life of the Cosmos.
Smolin built upon earlier speculations by physicists John Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt: that the extreme gravitational collapse inside black holes might somehow give birth to new universes, potentially with slightly different laws of physics.
But the story becomes even stranger when an Irish writer enters the picture.
Meet Julian Gough — the man who wrote the ending to Minecraft.
Gough is not a theoretical physicist. He is a novelist, poet, and musician who spent parts of his life struggling financially before finding literary success.
His breakthrough came with Jude: Level 1 (2007), whose opening chapter won the National Short Story Award. But his most widely encountered work is probably the philosophical End Poem, the mysterious text that appears after players defeat the Ender Dragon in Minecraft.
About a decade ago, Gough began independently asking a deceptively simple question: Why does the universe keep becoming more complex?
He eventually discovered Smolin’s work and became fascinated by the possibility that evolution might operate not just within the universe, but upon universes themselves.
He started studying astronomy, physics, and biology, speaking with scientists across disciplines, and launched a Substack called The Egg and the Rock.
Then came July 2022.
Four days before the James Webb Space Telescope released its first major images, Gough published a series of bold predictions.
He argued that Webb would discover surprisingly mature galactic structures, rapidly growing galaxies, and enormous black holes much earlier in cosmic history than many conventional models had anticipated.
His more extreme predictions placed active black holes within the first 50 million years and recognisable galaxies within the first 100 million years after the Big Bang.
Subsequent Webb observations did reveal unexpectedly developed galaxies and remarkably massive black holes in the early universe, lending interest to parts of his broader argument.
That does not mean cosmological natural selection has been confirmed. Many observations remain explainable through conventional astrophysics, and Gough’s most extreme timelines have not been established.
Still, his unconventional work has attracted attention and financial support, including from Emergent Ventures and O’Shaughnessy Ventures.
So what exactly is this theory proposing?
1️⃣ Evolution may be a universal principle, not just a biological one.
Natural selection explains how extraordinary biological complexity emerges without anyone designing it.
Some thinkers argue that similar principles of variation, selection, and accumulated change may operate in other complex systems.
Philosopher Daniel Dennett famously called Darwinism a “universal acid” — an idea powerful enough to transform how we understand virtually everything.
Even the brain exhibits selection-like processes: frequently used neural connections can become stronger, while less useful connections may weaken.
Could the entire cosmos follow a comparable evolutionary logic?
2️⃣ The universe may be more like a living egg than a random rock.
Gough uses a striking analogy.
Traditional physics often treats the universe as something resembling a rock: matter governed by fixed mathematical laws, developing structure through physical interactions.
But proponents of cosmic evolution suggest another image: a fertilised egg.
An egg doesn’t merely expand. It develops. | 1 |
| 12 | But astrophysicists have also proposed a different route: enormous primordial gas clouds collapsing directly into massive black-hole seeds, potentially bypassing ordinary stellar evolution.
Such objects could help explain how supermassive black holes appeared so rapidly after the Big Bang.
Gough interprets these early black holes as possible engines of rapid cosmic organisation.
Under his evolutionary interpretation, black holes and the structures surrounding them could play a fundamental role in how a young universe develops.
The direct-collapse mechanism is a legitimate area of astrophysical research, although its connection to cosmological reproduction remains hypothetical.
9️⃣ James Webb discovered cosmic complexity earlier than many expected.
This is where the story becomes particularly interesting.
Since 2022, the James Webb Space Telescope has revealed unexpectedly bright early galaxies, rapidly growing structures, and massive black holes that challenge some existing formation models.
In May 2026, researchers reported evidence from Webb suggesting that an approximately 50-million-solar-mass black hole may have formed before its host galaxy.
Such findings are remarkable because they challenge our understanding of how cosmic structures assembled so quickly.
They also overlap with some themes Gough emphasised before Webb’s first scientific releases.
However, these discoveries do not demonstrate that the universe evolved through natural selection. Conventional mechanisms, including rapid black-hole growth and unusual formation pathways, remain under active investigation.
🔟 Could our universe exist inside an enormous rotating black hole?
Another provocative possibility comes from observations of galaxy rotation.
A 2025 study examining 263 spiral galaxies in Webb’s JADES field reported an imbalance: 158 appeared to rotate clockwise, compared with 105 counterclockwise.
One speculative interpretation is that the universe might possess an underlying preferred direction or inherited rotation.
The possibility that our universe exists inside a larger black hole has also been discussed in theoretical cosmology.
But the connection is highly speculative.
Observational biases, sample selection, and other explanations must be carefully investigated before drawing conclusions about the universe as a whole.
The galaxy-spin observations are not proof that we live inside a black hole.
1️⃣1️⃣ The missing piece is quantum gravity.
To determine whether a black hole can give birth to another universe, physicists would need a successful theory unifying quantum mechanics with gravity.
Einstein’s general relativity describes gravity extraordinarily well on large scales.
Quantum mechanics describes microscopic reality with extraordinary precision.
But where spacetime curvature becomes extreme, such as near a classical black-hole singularity, our current understanding is incomplete.
Until we understand what really happens under these conditions, the mechanism of universe reproduction remains unresolved.
And there is another enormous obstacle.
We have only one observable universe.
We cannot travel outside it, compare it directly with its supposed siblings, or examine its hypothetical cosmic ancestors.
🌌 THE BIG QUESTION
For centuries, humans have asked why the laws of physics are so precisely suited to creating stars, planets, complex chemistry, and ultimately life.
Perhaps the constants of nature are simply what they are.
Perhaps we observe a life-permitting universe because we could not exist in any other kind.
Or perhaps, as Smolin proposed, the universe has a deep evolutionary history.
A history in which black holes give birth to new worlds, physical laws undergo mutations, and entire universes compete through their ability to reproduce.
It’s an extraordinary hypothesis — scientifically unconfirmed, but intellectually fascinating.
And one of its most enthusiastic modern advocates happens to be the man who wrote the ending to Minecraft. | 1 |
| 13 | It begins as something relatively simple, yet its internal rules allow increasingly complex structures to emerge.
Likewise, since the Big Bang, our universe has developed from an extremely hot, relatively uniform state into an astonishingly complex network of galaxies, stars, planets, chemistry, and life.
The universe doesn’t just expand. It develops.
3️⃣ New universes may be born inside black holes.
This is the central hypothesis.
When matter collapses into a black hole, gravity becomes so extreme that our existing theories can no longer fully describe what happens.
Smolin proposed that instead of terminating at a singularity, gravitational collapse might produce a quantum bounce, creating a new expanding universe.
That daughter universe would have its own spacetime, inaccessible from the parent universe.
In this picture, a black hole is not merely a cosmic graveyard.
It is potentially a cosmic womb.
No observation has yet demonstrated that black holes actually create new universes.
4️⃣ The laws of physics could be inherited like genes.
Imagine a newborn universe inheriting the physical properties of its parent.
But the inheritance isn’t perfect.
Just as biological offspring acquire mutations, a daughter universe might emerge with slightly altered physical parameters.
The masses of fundamental particles, the strength of gravity, and other physical constants could differ slightly.
Over countless generations, these tiny variations would produce an enormous diversity of universes.
Some would be sterile.
Others would become astonishingly productive.
5️⃣ The multiverse could undergo Darwinian natural selection.
Here is where the idea becomes truly fascinating.
If universes reproduce through black holes, then universes that generate more black holes produce more offspring.
Those whose physical laws make black-hole formation difficult leave fewer descendants.
Over many generations, universes with parameters favourable to black-hole production would become increasingly common.
Our universe might therefore possess its particular laws not because they were randomly selected from infinite possibilities, but because those laws were inherited through a long evolutionary process.
In Smolin’s original proposal, our physical constants should be close to values that maximise black-hole production.
6️⃣ Intelligent life could eventually help the universe reproduce.
This is a more radical philosophical extension of the hypothesis, rather than an established part of Smolin’s original mechanism.
What if sufficiently advanced civilisations eventually learn to manufacture artificial black holes?
And what if those black holes produce daughter universes?
Technology, intelligence, and civilisation would then become involved in cosmic reproduction.
Life would no longer be merely an accidental consequence of physics.
It could become an active participant in the evolution of universes.
Humanity might one day help create an entirely new cosmos.
There is currently no evidence that civilisations can generate daughter universes, but the possibility raises extraordinary questions about the ultimate role of intelligence.
7️⃣ For decades, the hypothesis remained outside mainstream cosmology.
Smolin’s idea has been discussed and criticised in academic literature, but it has never become a widely accepted explanation of cosmic origins.
The biggest problem is straightforward: how do you experimentally test reproduction between universes when we can observe only one?
Smolin proposed indirect tests involving the relationship between physical constants and black-hole production.
But the fundamental reproduction mechanism remains speculative.
Scientists also have alternative explanations for the same observations, without requiring an evolutionary multiverse.
8️⃣ The earliest black holes may have formed directly from enormous gas clouds.
Most familiar black holes form when massive stars collapse. | 1 |
| 14 | What if the Big Bang wasn’t the beginning of everything, but simply the birth of another generation?
Source: Julian Gough’s original predictions, July 8, 2022
https://theeggandtherock.com/p/predictions-what-the-james-webb-space
@science | 1 |
| 15 | What if the Big Bang wasn’t the beginning of everything, but simply the birth of another generation?
Source: Julian Gough’s original predictions, July 8, 2022
https://theeggandtherock.com/p/predictions-what-the-james-webb-space
@science | 1 |
| 16 | 🌌 WHAT IF THE UNIVERSE IS ALIVE — AND BLACK HOLES ARE HOW IT REPRODUCES?
What if our universe isn’t a cosmic accident, but the product of billions of years of evolution across generations of universes? And what if black holes aren’t the end of something, but the beginning of entirely new worlds?
This extraordinary idea is called Cosmological Natural Selection.
Its pioneer was the American theoretical physicist Lee Smolin, who developed the hypothesis in a 1992 scientific paper and explored it in detail in his 1997 book The Life of the Cosmos.
Smolin built upon earlier speculations by physicists John Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt: that the extreme gravitational collapse inside black holes might somehow give birth to new universes, potentially with slightly different laws of physics.
But the story becomes even stranger when an Irish writer enters the picture.
Meet Julian Gough — the man who wrote the ending to Minecraft.
Gough is not a theoretical physicist. He is a novelist, poet, and musician who spent parts of his life struggling financially before finding literary success.
His breakthrough came with Jude: Level 1 (2007), whose opening chapter won the National Short Story Award. But his most widely encountered work is probably the philosophical End Poem, the mysterious text that appears after players defeat the Ender Dragon in Minecraft.
About a decade ago, Gough began independently asking a deceptively simple question: Why does the universe keep becoming more complex?
He eventually discovered Smolin’s work and became fascinated by the possibility that evolution might operate not just within the universe, but upon universes themselves.
He started studying astronomy, physics, and biology, speaking with scientists across disciplines, and launched a Substack called The Egg and the Rock.
Then came July 2022.
Four days before the James Webb Space Telescope released its first major images, Gough published a series of bold predictions.
He argued that Webb would discover surprisingly mature galactic structures, rapidly growing galaxies, and enormous black holes much earlier in cosmic history than many conventional models had anticipated.
His more extreme predictions placed active black holes within the first 50 million years and recognisable galaxies within the first 100 million years after the Big Bang.
Subsequent Webb observations did reveal unexpectedly developed galaxies and remarkably massive black holes in the early universe, lending interest to parts of his broader argument.
That does not mean cosmological natural selection has been confirmed. Many observations remain explainable through conventional astrophysics, and Gough’s most extreme timelines have not been established.
Still, his unconventional work has attracted attention and financial support, including from Emergent Ventures and O’Shaughnessy Ventures.
So what exactly is this theory proposing?
1️⃣ Evolution may be a universal principle, not just a biological one.
Natural selection explains how extraordinary biological complexity emerges without anyone designing it.
Some thinkers argue that similar principles of variation, selection, and accumulated change may operate in other complex systems.
Philosopher Daniel Dennett famously called Darwinism a “universal acid” — an idea powerful enough to transform how we understand virtually everything.
Even the brain exhibits selection-like processes: frequently used neural connections can become stronger, while less useful connections may weaken.
Could the entire cosmos follow a comparable evolutionary logic?
2️⃣ The universe may be more like a living egg than a random rock.
Gough uses a striking analogy.
Traditional physics often treats the universe as something resembling a rock: matter governed by fixed mathematical laws, developing structure through physical interactions.
But proponents of cosmic evolution suggest another image: a fertilised egg.
An egg doesn’t merely expand. It develops. | 1 |
| 17 | But astrophysicists have also proposed a different route: enormous primordial gas clouds collapsing directly into massive black-hole seeds, potentially bypassing ordinary stellar evolution.
Such objects could help explain how supermassive black holes appeared so rapidly after the Big Bang.
Gough interprets these early black holes as possible engines of rapid cosmic organisation.
Under his evolutionary interpretation, black holes and the structures surrounding them could play a fundamental role in how a young universe develops.
The direct-collapse mechanism is a legitimate area of astrophysical research, although its connection to cosmological reproduction remains hypothetical.
9️⃣ James Webb discovered cosmic complexity earlier than many expected.
This is where the story becomes particularly interesting.
Since 2022, the James Webb Space Telescope has revealed unexpectedly bright early galaxies, rapidly growing structures, and massive black holes that challenge some existing formation models.
In May 2026, researchers reported evidence from Webb suggesting that an approximately 50-million-solar-mass black hole may have formed before its host galaxy.
Such findings are remarkable because they challenge our understanding of how cosmic structures assembled so quickly.
They also overlap with some themes Gough emphasised before Webb’s first scientific releases.
However, these discoveries do not demonstrate that the universe evolved through natural selection. Conventional mechanisms, including rapid black-hole growth and unusual formation pathways, remain under active investigation.
🔟 Could our universe exist inside an enormous rotating black hole?
Another provocative possibility comes from observations of galaxy rotation.
A 2025 study examining 263 spiral galaxies in Webb’s JADES field reported an imbalance: 158 appeared to rotate clockwise, compared with 105 counterclockwise.
One speculative interpretation is that the universe might possess an underlying preferred direction or inherited rotation.
The possibility that our universe exists inside a larger black hole has also been discussed in theoretical cosmology.
But the connection is highly speculative.
Observational biases, sample selection, and other explanations must be carefully investigated before drawing conclusions about the universe as a whole.
The galaxy-spin observations are not proof that we live inside a black hole.
1️⃣1️⃣ The missing piece is quantum gravity.
To determine whether a black hole can give birth to another universe, physicists would need a successful theory unifying quantum mechanics with gravity.
Einstein’s general relativity describes gravity extraordinarily well on large scales.
Quantum mechanics describes microscopic reality with extraordinary precision.
But where spacetime curvature becomes extreme, such as near a classical black-hole singularity, our current understanding is incomplete.
Until we understand what really happens under these conditions, the mechanism of universe reproduction remains unresolved.
And there is another enormous obstacle.
We have only one observable universe.
We cannot travel outside it, compare it directly with its supposed siblings, or examine its hypothetical cosmic ancestors.
🌌 THE BIG QUESTION
For centuries, humans have asked why the laws of physics are so precisely suited to creating stars, planets, complex chemistry, and ultimately life.
Perhaps the constants of nature are simply what they are.
Perhaps we observe a life-permitting universe because we could not exist in any other kind.
Or perhaps, as Smolin proposed, the universe has a deep evolutionary history.
A history in which black holes give birth to new worlds, physical laws undergo mutations, and entire universes compete through their ability to reproduce.
It’s an extraordinary hypothesis — scientifically unconfirmed, but intellectually fascinating.
And one of its most enthusiastic modern advocates happens to be the man who wrote the ending to Minecraft. | 1 |
| 18 | It begins as something relatively simple, yet its internal rules allow increasingly complex structures to emerge.
Likewise, since the Big Bang, our universe has developed from an extremely hot, relatively uniform state into an astonishingly complex network of galaxies, stars, planets, chemistry, and life.
The universe doesn’t just expand. It develops.
3️⃣ New universes may be born inside black holes.
This is the central hypothesis.
When matter collapses into a black hole, gravity becomes so extreme that our existing theories can no longer fully describe what happens.
Smolin proposed that instead of terminating at a singularity, gravitational collapse might produce a quantum bounce, creating a new expanding universe.
That daughter universe would have its own spacetime, inaccessible from the parent universe.
In this picture, a black hole is not merely a cosmic graveyard.
It is potentially a cosmic womb.
No observation has yet demonstrated that black holes actually create new universes.
4️⃣ The laws of physics could be inherited like genes.
Imagine a newborn universe inheriting the physical properties of its parent.
But the inheritance isn’t perfect.
Just as biological offspring acquire mutations, a daughter universe might emerge with slightly altered physical parameters.
The masses of fundamental particles, the strength of gravity, and other physical constants could differ slightly.
Over countless generations, these tiny variations would produce an enormous diversity of universes.
Some would be sterile.
Others would become astonishingly productive.
5️⃣ The multiverse could undergo Darwinian natural selection.
Here is where the idea becomes truly fascinating.
If universes reproduce through black holes, then universes that generate more black holes produce more offspring.
Those whose physical laws make black-hole formation difficult leave fewer descendants.
Over many generations, universes with parameters favourable to black-hole production would become increasingly common.
Our universe might therefore possess its particular laws not because they were randomly selected from infinite possibilities, but because those laws were inherited through a long evolutionary process.
In Smolin’s original proposal, our physical constants should be close to values that maximise black-hole production.
6️⃣ Intelligent life could eventually help the universe reproduce.
This is a more radical philosophical extension of the hypothesis, rather than an established part of Smolin’s original mechanism.
What if sufficiently advanced civilisations eventually learn to manufacture artificial black holes?
And what if those black holes produce daughter universes?
Technology, intelligence, and civilisation would then become involved in cosmic reproduction.
Life would no longer be merely an accidental consequence of physics.
It could become an active participant in the evolution of universes.
Humanity might one day help create an entirely new cosmos.
There is currently no evidence that civilisations can generate daughter universes, but the possibility raises extraordinary questions about the ultimate role of intelligence.
7️⃣ For decades, the hypothesis remained outside mainstream cosmology.
Smolin’s idea has been discussed and criticised in academic literature, but it has never become a widely accepted explanation of cosmic origins.
The biggest problem is straightforward: how do you experimentally test reproduction between universes when we can observe only one?
Smolin proposed indirect tests involving the relationship between physical constants and black-hole production.
But the fundamental reproduction mechanism remains speculative.
Scientists also have alternative explanations for the same observations, without requiring an evolutionary multiverse.
8️⃣ The earliest black holes may have formed directly from enormous gas clouds.
Most familiar black holes form when massive stars collapse. | 1 |
| 19 | Matn yo'q... | 4 456 |
| 20 | 🧠 Just 10 Minutes With AI Can Make You Give Up More Easily
AI makes us faster.
But what happens when we suddenly have to think without it?
A newly peer-reviewed study involving 1,222 participants suggests something uncomfortable: after just 10–15 minutes of AI-assisted problem-solving, people performed worse on their own — and were more likely to give up.
Researchers conducted three randomized experiments involving mathematics and reading comprehension. Some participants solved problems independently, while others had access to ChatGPT. Initially, the AI-assisted group performed better. But when researchers unexpectedly removed the chatbot, the advantage disappeared. In the first experiment, participants who had used AI correctly solved just 57% of subsequent problems, compared with 73% among those who had worked independently. They also skipped nearly twice as many questions: 20% versus 11%.
The researchers identified an especially interesting pattern. Participants who used AI primarily to obtain complete answers struggled more afterward than those who used it for hints or explanations. That comparison was observational, not a separate randomized experiment, but it suggests an important distinction: AI that helps you think may be very different from AI that thinks for you.
The possible explanation is a psychological shift. When answers arrive instantly, independent effort begins to feel unnecessarily difficult. Researchers call attention to the loss of productive struggle — the mental work through which we develop skills and persistence.
Important caveat: The experiments measured immediate effects during short online tasks. They do not establish permanent cognitive damage or show that regular AI use necessarily makes people less intelligent. Whether these effects persist over weeks or months remains unknown.
But the implication is fascinating.
We may be building machines that make us extraordinarily productive while quietly changing how willing we are to solve problems ourselves.
Perhaps the smartest AI assistant isn’t the one that always gives you the answer.
It’s the one that sometimes makes you figure it out.
Would you prefer an AI that solves everything instantly — or one that occasionally forces you to think?
#AI #ChatGPT #Psychology #Neuroscience #CognitiveScience #ArtificialIntelligence #Science
https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04721 | 5 427 |
