Agriculture - Genetics and Plant Breeding 🌱🌾
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✌️"Breeder is Leader in Agriculture"✌️ #Genetics #Plant_breeding #agriculture #Botany #GPB #PBG #Breeding #plantscience #plant_science #science #jrf #horticulture
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Дописи каналу
| 2 | NFSNM.pdf | 491 |
| 3 | PM KISAN Scheme 2026.pdf | 490 |
| 4 |  Немає тексту... | 488 |
| 5 |  Немає тексту... | 436 |
| 6 |  Немає тексту... | 419 |
| 7 | 🔘 Inheritance and Variation 🔘
♦️Mendel’s Law of Inheritance♦️
(1) Mendelism means experiments performed by Mendel on genetics.
(2) Mendel’s experiment involved 4 steps as selection, hybridization, selfing and calculations. His results led to the formation of laws of genetics later.
(3) Mendel performed monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and gave three principles of inheritance.
(4) Mendel’s three principles of inheritance are:
(i) Law of dominance
(ii) Law of segregation or law of purity of gametes
(iii) Law of independent assortment
(5) Law of Dominance: The dominant characters are expressed when factors are in heterozygous condition.
(6) The recessive characters are only expressed in homozygous conditions. The characters never blend in heterozygous condition. A recessive character that was not expressed in heterozygous condition may be expressed again when it becomes homozygous.
(7) Law/Principle of segregation states that when a pair of contrasting factor or gene is brought together in a hybrid, these factors do not blend or mix up but simply associate themselves and remain together and separate at the time of gamete formation.
(8) Principle of independent assortment states that genes of different characters located in different pairs of chromosomes are independent of one another in this segregation during gamete formation.
(9) Test Cross: A cross between F1 hybrid (Aa) and its homozygous recessive parent (aa) is called Test Cross. This cross is called test cross because it helps to find out whether the given dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
(10) Monohybrid cross: When we consider the inheritance of one character at a time in a cross, this is called monohybrid cross.
(11) Dihybrid Cross: A cross made to study the inheritance of two pairs of contrasting traits. | 452 |
| 8 | AgriAddict Agricultural Current affairs 2026.pdf | 1 045 |
| 9 | #GENETICS
🔘 MITOSIS 🔘
✅The term mitosis was coined by Flemming in 1882.
✅Mitosis refers to the spindle using nuclear division which produces two identical daughter nuclei from the parent nucleus.
✅Mitosis results in formation of two daughter cells from a single mother cell.
✅Since mitosis occurs in somatic cells, and it leads to growth of vegetative parts.
✅It is also known as somatic cell division or equational division.
✅Segregation and recombination do not take place during mítosis.
🔘 Cell cycle 🔘
✅The period in which one cycle of cell division is completed is called cell cycle.
✅It is divided in to Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis.
☑️A. Interphase:
It is the longest stage of cell cycle. Generally known as DNA synthesis phase.
Further divided into three sub stages.
✅a.G1
It is pre-DNA replication phase. Protein & RNA synthesis takes place during this phase.
✅b. S-phase:
The chromosome and DNA replications take place during this phase.
✅c. G2:
Post-DNA replication phase.
Protein and RNA synthesis occur during this phase.
✅B. Mitotic phase:
1. Prophase:
Chromosomes look like thin thread and uncoiled in the early prophase and become short and condensed during late prophase.
The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear at the end of prophase.
Prophase is the longest phase of mitosis.
✅2. Metaphase:
Nucleolus disappear.The spindle tubes are formed and chromosomes are oriented in the centre at equatorial plate.
Shortest and thickest state of chromosomes.
Chromosomes are clearly visible at metaphase.
✅3. Anaphase
Chromatids separate at the centromere and move towards opposite sides or pole.
Chromosomes are most condensed at anaphase.
It is the smallest stage of mitosis.
✅4. Telophase:
Chromosomes teaches opposite sides.
Nucleolus reappears during this phase.
✅C. Cytokinesis:
The division of nucleus is known as karyokinesis.
It is followed by division of cytoplasm, which is known as cytokinesis.
Division of cytoplasm results in formation of two daughters cells. | 1 060 |
| 10 |  Немає тексту... | 866 |
| 11 |  Немає тексту... | 829 |
| 12 |  Немає тексту... | 707 |
| 13 |  Немає тексту... | 671 |
| 14 | +3 CCI-JCE-2023-Question-Paper.PDF | 793 |
| 15 | 👉🏻Tools of Plant Breeding:
New tools of plant breeding include.
a) Mutation breeding
b) Polyploidy
c) Plant Biotechnology
d) In Vitro Techniques and
e) Genetic engineering
a) Mutation Breeding:
Mutation is a sudden heritable change in a characteristic of an organism and utilization of variation created by mutation in crop improvements is known as mutation breeding. Agents used for induction of mutation known as mutagenes. It may be physical or chemical
mutagenes.
b) Polyploidy:
An individual with more than two sets of homologous chromosome or genome known as polyploidy. Changes in chromosome number may involve loss or gain of one of few chromosomes or the whole genome. Polyploidy may be induced spontaneously or can be
induced artificially by using chemicals.
c) Plant Biotechnology:
Utilization of biological agents or their components for generation products for the welfare of mankind, known as biotechnology. Plant biotechnology is related to such activities other than conventional approaches. It aims at improving the genetic make up, phenotypic performance and multiplication of economical plants.
d) In Vitro Techniques:
It is the cultivation of plant organs, tissue or cell in test tube on artificial media. In certain situation conventional breeding methods are not efficient. In that situation these methods have been supplemented by in vitro techniques/ tissue culture to increase the efficiency of
crop. Ex: Eucalyptus – Yashwant Banana- Shrimati
e) Genetic Engineering:
Isolation of the desired from an organize, its integration into a suitable vector and its introduction into another organism (host) with a view to obtain multiple copies (Replica) of the desire gene. The gene may remain in vector or may got integrated into the chromosome of the host later it produces transgenic plant. | 747 |
| 16 |  Немає тексту... | 1 189 |
| 17 | • Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in the country.
• China is the largest producing and consuming country of tobacco in the world whereas,
India has third position in production of tobacco.
• Phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) is a chemical used in agriculture crops in order to:
Reduce transpiration
• Jowar is known as: Camel crop Kings of coarse grains
• India is the second country after China to have commercialized the hybrid rice
technology.
• HD 2329 variety of wheat contributed maximum production during green revolution in India.
• Plant rectangularity is: Plant to plant distance/row to row distance.
• In water erosion 3 m deep and more than 18 m wide gully is known as: Small gully (G2)
• 3-9 m deep and width of 18 m or more with side slope 8-15 % is known as: Medium gully (G3)
Edible part of cauliflower is: Curd
Blanching is an important process of: Cauliflower
Whiptail of cauliflower is due to: MO Deficiency
Pusa ruby is a variety of: Tomato
Swaran roopa is the early variety of: Litchi
Pajaro is the variety of: Strawberry
Bolerois the variety of: Marigold
Richest source of vitamin C is: Barbados cherry
Largest importer of cut flower in the world: Germany
The dwarf variety of mango: Amrapali
California Papershell is the variety of Almond
Fruit of rose is known as: Hips
Fruit of okra is a: Capsule
Coconut fat is a rich source of: Lauric acid
Coconut is propagated by: Seeds
Mango is mostly propagated through: Veneer grafting
Inflorescence of cauliflower is known as: Cyme
Inflorescence of cabbage is known as: Cat ken
Black heart of potato is due to: 02 deficiency
Pusa snowball is a variety of: Cauliflower
India's share in the fruit production in the World is: 10%
Development of fruits without fertilization is called: Parthenocarpy
Development of embryo without fertilization is known as: Apomixis
Oleoresin is an important product of: Chilli seeds or spices
Kesar (saffron) belong to the family of: Iridiceae
Concentration of sugar is used for preservation is : 60-70 %
Mango variety suitable for high density planting is: Amrapali
Most salt tolerant fruit crop is: Date Palm
Fruit repining hormone is: Ethylene
A form of low pruning upto 2 m height of stem is called as Pollarding
Early variety of ber is: Gola, Seb
Planting season for deciduous plants is Jan-Feb
The varicy of date- palm is used for dry dates (Chhuhara) Halawi
Generally fruits are in: Acidic nature
Baradari is an important feature of: Mughal garden
The fruit of pine apple is known as: Sorosis
Which crop is propogated by means of bulbils (clove): Garlic
Edible banana fruit is seedless because of: Ambryo abortion
Multistoried cropping is popular in: Coconut plantation
Which is the late ripening cultivar of ber: Umran
The exclusion of micro-organism is known as: Asepsis
Production of vegetables out of their normal season (off
season) is known as: Vegetable forcing
'Alphanso" variety of mango is grown in: Maharastra
The chemical preservative used for colorless fruits is: KMS
Shade loving annual flower plant is: Salvia
The commonly cultivated variety of table pea in India is: Bonneville
Crescent is well known for: Flower arrangement
Saffron is obtained from: Style and Stigma
Grapes are generally dried in: Sun
Sago(Sabudana) is prepared from: Roots of Cassava/Topiaca
Feni (drink) is prepared by: Cashew apple & Coconut
Cider is prepared by: Apple & pear
Tea is commonly propagated by: Soft wood cutting
Origin place of Date palm is: Iraq
Spacing recommended for Pusa Nanha variety of papaya is: 1.25 x 1.25 m
Maximum litchi producing state is: Bihar
Onion variety which is suitable for export & having yellow
colour: Phule suwarna
The hard fruits of citrus are due to the: Boron deficiency
Bael is the richest source of: Vit-B2 (riboflavin) | 1 189 |
| 18 | PM KISAN Scheme 2026.pdf | 1 460 |
| 19 | SRF 2026 papers part A 05-Jul-2026 01-34-37.pdf | 1 453 |
| 20 | Raj Pre PhD Agronomy 2026 04-Jul-2026 15-18-54.pdf | 1 451 |
