Библиотека Python разработчика | Книги по питону
Погружение в CPython и архитектуру. Разбираем неочевидное поведение (GIL, Memory), Best Practices (SOLID, DDD) и тонкости Django/FastAPI. Решаем задачи с подвохом и оптимизируем алгоритмы. 🐍 По всем вопросам @evgenycarter РКН clck.ru/3Ko7Hq
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Channel Библиотека Python разработчика | Книги по питону (@bookpython) in the Russian language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 17 959 subscribers, ranking 7 250 in the Technologies & Applications category and 36 565 in the Russia region.
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“Погружение в CPython и архитектуру. Разбираем неочевидное поведение (GIL, Memory), Best Practices (SOLID, DDD) и тонкости Django/FastAPI. Решаем задачи с подвохом и оптимизируем алгоритмы. 🐍
По всем вопросам @evgenycarter
РКН clck.ru/3Ko7Hq”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 05 November, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Technologies & Applications category.
In : format(0.1, '.17f')
Out: '0.10000000000000001'
The decimal module lets you use decimal floating point arithmetic with arbitrary precision:
In : Decimal(1) / Decimal(3)
Out: Decimal('0.3333333333333333333333333333')
That's still can be not enough:
In [61]: Decimal(1) / Decimal(3) * Decimal(3) == Decimal(1)
Out[61]: False
For perfect computations, you can use fractions, that stores any number as a rational one:
In : Fraction(1) / Fraction(3) * Fraction(3) == Fraction(1)
Out: True
The obvious limitation is you still have to use approximations to irrational numbers (such as π).collections.defaultdict allows you to create a dictionary that returns the default value if the requested key is missing (instead of raising KeyError). To create a defaultdict you should provide not a default value but a factory of such values.
That allows you to create a dictionary that virtually contains infinite levels of nested dicts, allowing you to do something like d[a][b][c]...[z].
>>> def infinite_dict():
... return defaultdict(infinite_dict)
...
>>> d = infinite_dict()
>>> d[1][2][3][4] = 10
>>> dict(d[1][2][3][5])
{}
Such behavior is called “autovivification”, the term came from the Perl language.NotImplentedError exception:
def human_name(self):
raise NotImplementedError
Though it's pretty popular and even has IDE support (PyCharm considers such method to be abstract), this approach has a downside. You get the error only upon method call, not upon class instantiation.
Use abc to avoid this problem:
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
class Service(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def human_name(self):
pass
Also be aware that NotImplemented is not the same that NotImplementedError. It's not even an exception. It's a special value (like True and False) that has an absolutely different meaning. Some special methods may return it (e.g., __eq__(), __add__(), etc.) so Python tries to reflect operation. If a.__add__(b) returns NotImplemented, Python tries to call b.__radd__.name(), addres(), email() и job() создадут для вас случайные имена, адреса, почты и названия работ.
Еще есть метод text(), который генерирует случайный текст, но, как видите в примере, результат получается неосмысленный.
Вообще методов в пакете много, продемонстрировать все в одном посте нереально, поэтому можете почитать больше в документации.
Плюс здесь еще в том, что данные можно локализировать под свой язык. Для примера мы поставили русский.__del__, который вызовется автоматически при удалении объекта.
Вообще деструкторы крайне редко переопределяется в Python, но полезно знать, что именно эти методы отвечают за очистку при удалении объекта.sorted with the custom key function:
>>> d = dict(a=1, c=3, b=2)
>>> sorted(d.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])
[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]
However, such function already exists in the operator module:
>>> sorted(d.items(), key=itemgetter(1))
[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]
You can also sort keys instead of items:
>>> sorted(d, key=lambda k: d[k])
['a', 'b', 'c']
Again, this lambda can be replaced with the already existing method:
>>> sorted(d, key=d.get)
['a', 'b', 'c']__new__ method. Even if you provide custom __new__ for your class, you have to call super().__new__(...).
You might think that object.__new__ is a root implementation that is responsible for the creation of all objects. That is not entirely true. There are several such implementations, and they are incompatible. For example, dict has its own low-level __new__ and objects of types derived from dict can't be created with object.__new__:
In : class D(dict):
...: pass
...:
In : class A:
...: pass
...:
In : object.__new__(A)
Out: <__main__.A at 0x7f200c8902e8>
In : object.__new__(D)
...
TypeError: object.__new__(D) is not safe,
use D.__new__()