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Which of the following is the next best step in managing this patient?
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76y male DM HTN patient came for follow-up after recent CABG surgery. He has abundant, yellowish wound discharge from the lower part of the surgical midsternal wound. The patient has no chest pain, dyspnea, fevers and has normal vital signs. On examination, the sternum appears stable to palpation. There is swelling and soft tissue separation at the lower part of the wound with copious discharge.

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุณุฌู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุช ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ูƒุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุชููƒุฑุด ุชูุชุญู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู†ูƒ ุจุชุชุงุจุน ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ chemotherapy ูˆู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ูุณูƒ ู‡ุฑุฌุน
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุณุฌู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุช ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ูƒุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุชููƒุฑุด ุชูุชุญู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู†ูƒ ุจุชุชุงุจุน ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ chemotherapy ูˆู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ูุณูƒ ู‡ุฑุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฐู‡ ู…ุณุจุจู„ู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŠู‡ , ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ chemotherapy ูˆุทุจู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠุณุชู‡ ุฏูŠ ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ุง most common side effects of different types of chemotherapy ู…ุด ู‡ุฑุตู„ูƒ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ูุงุฑู…ุง ูˆู†ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ nausea ูˆ vomiting ูˆูƒุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ๐Ÿ˜ƒ ) Doxorubicin : Dilated cardiomyopathy Bleomycin : Pulmonary fibrosis Cisplatin : Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - peripheral neuropathy Cyclophosphamide : Hemorrhagic cystitis Paclitaxel & Vincristine & vinblastine : Neuropathy ูˆู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฌุฏุน ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ ู…ุญุชุงุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ููŠู‡ ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุฎุทูˆุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุจุช ุงู„ุฏูŠุจ ู…ู† ุฏูŠู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ˜„ #IV_Notes #By_Dr_Mo

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ูุฌุฃุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู… ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ูุฌุฃุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† cardiac arrhythmia ุฃูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจ ุงู„ arrhythmia ุฏูŠ
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ูุฌุฃุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู… ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ูุฌุฃุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† cardiac arrhythmia ุฃูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจ ุงู„ arrhythmia ุฏูŠ ุŸ ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ุญุณุจ ุงู„ age above 35y : MI (Myocardial infarction) is the most common cause below 35y : HCM (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) is the most common cause ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู‡ูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ MI or HCM ุชุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุซ arrhythmia ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง sudden death #IV_Notes #By_Dr_Mo

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ pace maker ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ ECG ! ๐Ÿซ€ ุงู„ pace makers ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆ
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ pace maker ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ ECG ! ๐Ÿซ€ ุงู„ pace makers ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุชู†ุชุดุฑ ู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ Systole & Diastole ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† SAN .โšก ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ pace maker ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† , ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ HR ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ QRS โœŒ๏ธ SAN = HR 60-100 / QRS narrow complex AVN & bundle of hiss = HR 40-60 / QRS narrow complex Bundle branch & purkinje fibers = HR 25-40 / QRS wide complex #IV_Notes #By_Dr_Mo

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ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠุบู…ู‰ ุนู„ูŠุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุตุจุญ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฑุงูŠุญ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ! ๐Ÿซจ = ูŠุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุบู…ู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุณ ุงู‡ู‡ ุจุชุนุฏูŠ , ุงุฌู…ุฏ ูƒุฏุฉ ูˆุฑูˆุญ ุดุบู„ูƒ ๐Ÿ™„ - ู„ุฃ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุบู…ู‰ ุนู„ูŠุง ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจู„ุจุณ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงูุชุฉ , ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌูŠุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุจู†ุช ุนู…ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู…ู„ุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุชุฌูˆุฒุชู‡ุงุด๐Ÿค” = ุทุจ ูˆุฑูŠู†ูŠ ูƒุฏุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ ูุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ carotid massage ู‚ุงู… ุงุบู…ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ๐Ÿ˜ƒ ู„ูˆู„ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุฑุงูŠุญู„ูƒ ุจุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงู„ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุจุน ุจู†ุช ุนู…ู‡ .๐Ÿซข ุฅู† ุตุญ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุงู„ู‡ ุนู…ู„ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุทุงู‡ ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ Carotid ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง bifurcation of the internal carotid and external carotid ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจู†ุช ุนู…ู‡ ุชุฎุตุต interventional radiology ๐Ÿ’‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูŠุง ุจุงุดุง ุงู„ุฑุงุฌู„ ุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ carotid sinus hypersensitivity , ูุงูƒุฑ ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ SVT ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ carotid massage ุนุดุงู† ุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ HR ุงู‡ู‡ ุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠ , ุงู„ carotid sinus ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนุตุจ ู„ู„ู…ุฎ ู„ูˆ ุญุณุช ุจุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ HR ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุดู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุทุงู„ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ SVT ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ hypersensitivity ููŠ ุงู„ sinus ุฏูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู… ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฑุจุท ูƒุฑุงูุชุฉ ุชุทู„ู‚ ู†ูŠุฑุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ brain ุฅู„ุญู‚ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนุงู„ูŠ ูุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ bradycardia & hypotension ูˆูŠุญุตู„ู‡ syncope ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ุด ุฏู„ุน ูˆู…ุด ุณุงูŠูƒูƒ ูˆู…ุด ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุจู†ุช ุนู…ู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู† ุบู„ุท ูุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠููˆู‚ ุณุฑูŠุนุง ูˆู…ุด ุจูŠุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุบูŠุจูˆุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ุชุธุจุท ุชุงู†ูŠ . ๐ŸคŒ #IV_Notes #By_Dr_Mo

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุดูƒูˆุชู‡ ุชุญุชุฑู…ู‡ุง ุนุดุฑ ุฃุถุนุงู ู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ , ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฏู‡ ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ุนู…
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุดูƒูˆุชู‡ ุชุญุชุฑู…ู‡ุง ุนุดุฑ ุฃุถุนุงู ู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ , ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฏู‡ ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุถุนู ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ , ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ sepsis ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุชู‡ ู…ุชุฑูุนุด ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ TLC normal ููŠ ุญูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠุฑูุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู…ู†ุงุนุชู‡ ู„ุณุฉ ุจุฎูŠุฑ , ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุงุดุชูƒุงู„ูƒ ู…ู† ูˆุฌุน ููŠ ุจุทู†ู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆู…ุชู‚ุนุฏู‡ุงุด ุงู„ุฑุงุฌู„ ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุดุชูƒูŠ ู…ู† ูุฑุงุบ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุชุซู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุตูŠุจุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุทู†ู‡ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุดูƒูˆู‰ . ุทูŠุจ ุนุดุงู† ู…ู†ุจู‚ุงุด ู‚ูู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒ : Old smoker atherosclerotic patient with sudden severe abdominal pain radiated to back + Hypotension , tachycardia , DCL ุฏูŠ ุชูƒุงุฏ ุชุฌุฒู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง rapture abdominal aorta ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ุชุฏูˆุฑ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงุญุชุฑู… ุฃูŠ ุดูƒูˆู‰ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒุฑู…ูƒ #IV_Notes #By_Dr_Mo

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This patient initially presented with unstable angina and was treated with drug-eluting stent placement to the left anterior descending artery. The subsequent development of chest pain, hypotension, and ST-segment elevation in leads corresponding to the LAD artery represents an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction most likely due to coronary stent thrombosis. Coronary stent thrombosis is a serious complication of coronary stent placement that can occur acutely (within 24 hours) or subacutely (within 30 days) or be delayed up to a year. Dual antiplatelet therapy (aspocid , plavix) reduces but does not fully eliminate the risk, especially in the early postโ€“stent placement period. Cardiogenic shock is a frequent complication. Management is the same (PCI).

Diagnosis
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ู‡ุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ , ููŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ complications ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุฏุฉ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ MI ุชูุชูƒุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฏูŠ

ุงู†ุช ุฅู…ุจุงุฑุญ ุงู„ุตุจุญ ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ๐Ÿจ ู†ุงูŠุจ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ูƒู„ู…ูƒ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุฅู„ุญู‚ู†ูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุญุงู„ุฉ chest pain โค๏ธโ€๐Ÿฉน ู†ุฒู„ุชู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุณู„ู…ูƒ ุงู„ history ูู„ู‚ูŠุช : ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿฆณ 65y DM HTN smoker man with intermittent chest pressure over the past 12 hours. โฑ๏ธ Vitals : BP 120/80 , HR 85 , So2 96% ๐Ÿ‘ ECG : sinus rhythm with T-wave inversion in leads I, aVL, and V1, V2, V3. Cardiac enzymes negative ๐Ÿซ€ ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ู‡ ู…ุชู‚ู„ู‚ุด ุฏูŠ Unstable angina ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃุตุจุญุช ููŠ ุงูŠุฏูŠ ุฃู…ูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุชุญุถุฑู‡ ู„ู‚ุณุทุฑุฉ ูˆูุนู„ุง ุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ๐Ÿฉธ 90% stenosis of the proximal LAD artery ุจุณ ูƒุฏุฉ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ coronaries ู…ู‡ูŠุงุด obstructive disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู… ู…ุชุฑูƒุจู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ Drug-eluting stent ููŠ ุงู„ LAD artery ูˆุฑุฌุนุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุชุงุจุนู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ โœ‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุฌู‡ ูˆุฏุฎู„ุช ุชุฑูŠุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุบูู„ูƒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ , ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุบูู„ูƒ ๐Ÿ˜ƒ ุงุดุชูƒู‰ ู„ู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู† chest pain ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฌู‡ ุงุดุชูƒุงู„ูƒ ู‚ูˆู…ุช ุงู†ุช ุชุจุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ distressed dyspnic dizzy ๐Ÿฉบ ุจุชุจุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠุชูˆุฑ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ tachycardic ุนู„ู‰ 120 ูˆู…ููŠุด ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุถุบุท ุดูƒูŠุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุบู„ุท ู‚ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุถุบุท ุจู†ูุณูƒ ูˆุญุทูŠุช ุงูŠุฏูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ radial pulse ู…ู„ู‚ุชู‡ูˆุด ๐Ÿ˜„ ูˆุถุบุทู‡ 70/40 ูˆุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุชู„ุฌ , ุทู„ุจุช ECG ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ู„ู…ุญ ุงู„ุจุตุฑ ุทู„ุนู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ : ๐Ÿ˜… sinus tachycardia with ST-segment elevation in leads V1, V2, V3, V4. ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุทู…ู† ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุช ุงุฒูŠูƒ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุŸ ๐Ÿ˜Œ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุฎู„ุงู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ู‡ ุฏู‡ ุŸ! ๐Ÿค”

Fleischner sign: Enlargement of the pulmonary artery resulting from increased pressure proximal to the PE.
Fleischner sign: Enlargement of the pulmonary artery resulting from increased pressure proximal to the PE.

Hampton hump: peripheral, wedge-shaped lung opacity representing pulmonary infarction. An ipsilateral pleural effusion is als
Hampton hump: peripheral, wedge-shaped lung opacity representing pulmonary infarction. An ipsilateral pleural effusion is also commonly present with this sign.

Westermark sign: peripheral hyperlucency of the pulmonary arterial tree resulting from blood flow being cut off by the PE.
Westermark sign: peripheral hyperlucency of the pulmonary arterial tree resulting from blood flow being cut off by the PE.

ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ Chest x-ray ุจุงู„ pulmonary embolism ๐Ÿค”โ— ู‡ุจุฏุฃ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ุจุฅู† ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ CXR is usually normal in PE ๐Ÿ˜ƒ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฎุงู„ุต ููŠ ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ PE ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฏู†ูƒ ุนู† ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ PE ูุญุท ุญู„ู‚ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ( stable CTPA ) ูˆุญู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฏู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ( unstable Echo ) ุฎู„ุงุต ุŸ ุฎู„ุงุต ๐Ÿค ุฃูˆู…ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ ุงู„ CXR ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ normal ุงูˆู…ุงู„ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ rule out of other causes of chest pain and dyspnea as pneumonia, pneumothorax, aortic dissection, pericardial effusion ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ signs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุธู‡ุฑุชู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ CXR ูˆุงู†ุช ุดุงูƒูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช highly suggestive of PE ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุดุฑูˆุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง

ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ Chest x-ray ุจุงู„ pulmonary embolism ๐Ÿค”โ— ........ ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูˆุณุช ๐Ÿ‘Œ

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุฃู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ Selective COX II inhibitors ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒุงู†ุช ูุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุตุฏู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุชู€ preserve stomach only ู…ุด ุงู„ kidne
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุฃู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ Selective COX II inhibitors ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒุงู†ุช ูุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุตุฏู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุชู€ preserve stomach only ู…ุด ุงู„ kidney ูƒู…ุงู† , ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ COX I ุฃู…ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู‡ุชุญุตู„ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณูƒู†ุงุช ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ selective ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู„ COX I & II Examples : Celecoxib (Celebrex) #IV_Notes #By_Dr_Mo

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุงู„ Triptans are superior to Ergots ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ acute attack of migraine , ูุงุนู„ูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฃุนุฑุงุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ’‰ ุงู„ Triptans are superior to Ergots ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ acute attack of migraine , ูุงุนู„ูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฃุนุฑุงุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ . Examples , Triptans : Zolmitriptan (Amigrawest) Ergots : Ergotamine (Amigrane) ๐Ÿคฏ๐Ÿคฏ #IV_Notes #By_Dr_Mo