Political Science UGC NET CUET Professor
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DR. PS YADUVANSHI (DOUBLE JRF/ 3 TIMES NET) (99.88 Percentile Scorer ) (PhD / LLB) 📲Wapp8559876786 #PoliticalScience_QUIZ #political_scienc @NET_POLITICAL_SCIENCE_NOTES @UGC_POLITICAL_SCIENCE_PYQ CUET_PG POLITICAL_SCIENCE_PYQ #CIVICS #POL_SCIENCE
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Channel Political Science UGC NET CUET Professor (@psyjrf) in the Hindi language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 13 061 subscribers, ranking 15 280 in the Education category and 30 492 in the India region.
📊 Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on невідомо, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 13 061 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 01 September, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -32 over the last 30 days and by 4 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 10.31%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 3.67% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 1 347 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 479 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 2.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as jrf, professor, wa.me/+919982735777?text=i_need_complete_notes_with_dishadarshan, प्रमुख, डाहल.
📝 Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
“DR. PS YADUVANSHI
(DOUBLE JRF/ 3 TIMES NET)
(99.88 Percentile Scorer )
(PhD / LLB)
📲Wapp8559876786
#PoliticalScience_QUIZ
#political_scienc
@NET_POLITICAL_SCIENCE_NOTES
@UGC_POLITICAL_SCIENCE_PYQ
CUET_PG POLITICAL_SCIENCE_PYQ
#CIVICS #POL_SCIE...”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 02 September, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
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| Date | Subscriber Growth | Mentions | Channels | |
| 01 September | +5 |
Channel Posts
🔹 2023 — Historic Defence & Technology Partnership 🚀
▪️ India and USA announced major cooperation in semiconductors, critical technologies, space and defence.
▪️ The GE Aerospace–HAL agreement for manufacturing GE F414 engines in India became a major defence-industrial development.
▪️ India also joined the Artemis Accords.
🔹 2024 — Strategic Partnership Continues 🇮🇳🤝🇺🇸
▪️ Cooperation expanded in critical and emerging technologies, defence, space, clean energy and Indo-Pacific security.
▪️ India–US cooperation increasingly moved beyond traditional defence towards technology and supply-chain resilience.
🔹 2025–26 — New Phase of Strategic Relations 🔥
▪️ India–US ties increasingly focus on trade, defence, technology, energy, critical minerals, semiconductors and Indo-Pacific security.
▪️ The relationship has evolved from Cold War-era differences to a Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership.
🎯 *UGC NET/JRF QUICK REVISION*
▪️ 1954 → USA–Pakistan Defence Agreement
▪️ 1962 → USA assists India during China War
▪️ 1971 → USA’s Pakistan tilt
▪️ 1991 → Post-Cold War + Indian economic reforms
▪️ 1998 → Pokhran-II & US sanctions
▪️ 2000 → Clinton’s India visit
▪️ 2005 → Civil Nuclear Deal announced
▪️ 2008 → Nuclear Deal operationalised
▪️ 2016 → India = Major Defense Partner
▪️ 2018 → COMCASA
▪️ 2020 → BECA
▪️ 2022 → I2U2
▪️ 2023 → GE-HAL, Artemis Accords & Critical Technologies
▪️ 2025–26 → Trade + Defence + Technology + Indo-Pacific
⭐ EXAM MANTRA:
“From Cold War Differences → Strategic Partnership → Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership.”
UGC NET JRF/ Assistant professor
To Get *PDF / HARDCOPY* notes click here👇
wa.me/+919982735777?text=I_need_Complete_notes_with_DishaDarshan
| 2 | *🇮🇳INDIA–🇺🇲USA RELATIONS: IMPORTANT TIMELINE*
📚 UGC NET/JRF | International Relations
🔹 1950s — Non-Alignment & Initial Tensions
▪️ India adopted the policy of Non-Alignment during the Cold War.
▪️ India’s close relations with the Soviet Union created differences with the USA.
UGC NET JRF/ Assistant professor
To Get *PDF / HARDCOPY* notes click here👇
wa.me/+919982735777?text=I_need_Complete_notes_with_DishaDarshan
🔹 1954 — USA–Pakistan Alliance
▪️ USA and Pakistan signed a Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement.
▪️ Pakistan joined SEATO (1954) and later CENTO.
▪️ India viewed this as a threat to its security.
🔹 1962 — Sino-Indian War 🇨🇳
▪️ During the India–China War, the USA provided military assistance to India.
▪️ This marked an important moment of temporary strategic cooperation.
🔹 1965 — India–Pakistan War
▪️ USA suspended military assistance to both India and Pakistan during the war.
▪️ Relations again became strained.
🔹 1971 — Bangladesh Liberation War 🇧🇩
▪️ USA tilted towards Pakistan during the Bangladesh crisis.
▪️ The deployment of the USS Enterprise in the Bay of Bengal became a major symbol of Indo-US tensions.
▪️ India’s signing of the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation (1971) further highlighted the Cold War divide.
🔹 1980s — Beginning of Improvement
▪️ India–USA relations gradually improved.
▪️ Economic, technological and strategic contacts increased.
🔹 1991 — Post-Cold War Turning Point 🌍
▪️ The end of the Cold War and India’s 1991 economic reforms created new opportunities.
▪️ India and the USA began moving towards stronger economic engagement.
🔹 1998 — Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests ☢️
▪️ India conducted nuclear tests in May 1998.
▪️ The USA imposed sanctions on India under its non-proliferation laws.
▪️ Diplomatic dialogue continued, eventually paving the way for improved relations.
🔹 2000 — Strategic Partnership Begins 🤝
▪️ President Bill Clinton’s visit to India marked a major improvement in bilateral relations.
▪️ The two countries began building a broader strategic partnership.
🔹 2005 — Historic Civil Nuclear Deal ☢️🤝
▪️ India and the USA announced the Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement.
▪️ It aimed to end India’s nuclear isolation and expand civilian nuclear cooperation.
🔹 2008 — India–US Civil Nuclear Agreement
▪️ The agreement received final approval after the 123 Agreement and NSG waiver.
▪️ It became a landmark in India–US strategic relations.
🔹 2010 — India’s UNSC Aspirations 🇺🇳
▪️ President Barack Obama supported India’s candidature for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.
🔹 2015 — Strategic & Global Cooperation
▪️ Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit strengthened cooperation in defence, trade, energy, climate and technology.
▪️ India and USA also adopted a Joint Strategic Vision for the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region.
🔹 2016 — Major Defense Partner ⭐
▪️ The USA formally recognised India as a “Major Defense Partner.”
▪️ This strengthened defence technology and military cooperation.
🔹 2017 — Indo-Pacific & QUAD 🌏
▪️ India, USA, Japan and Australia revived the QUAD dialogue.
▪️ Cooperation increasingly focused on a Free, Open and Inclusive Indo-Pacific.
🔹 2018 — COMCASA Agreement 🛰️
▪️ India and USA signed COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement).
▪️ It enhanced secure communications and interoperability between the two militaries.
UGC NET JRF/ Assistant professor
To Get *PDF / HARDCOPY* notes click here👇
wa.me/+919982735777?text=I_need_Complete_notes_with_DishaDarshan
🔹 2020 — BECA Agreement 🗺️
▪️ India and USA signed BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement).
▪️ It enabled greater sharing of geospatial information and strengthened defence cooperation.
🔹 2022 — I2U2 & Technology Cooperation 💻
▪️ India, USA, Israel and UAE formed the I2U2 grouping.
▪️ Cooperation expanded into technology, investment, energy, food security and infrastructure. | 299 |
| 3 | 🔹 2022 — I2U2 एवं तकनीकी सहयोग 💻
▪️ भारत, अमेरिका, इज़राइल और UAE ने मिलकर I2U2 समूह बनाया।
▪️ सहयोग का विस्तार तकनीक, निवेश, ऊर्जा, खाद्य सुरक्षा और बुनियादी ढाँचे तक हुआ।
🔹 2023 — ऐतिहासिक रक्षा एवं तकनीकी साझेदारी 🚀
▪️ भारत और अमेरिका ने Semiconductors, Critical Technologies, Space और Defence के क्षेत्रों में बड़े सहयोग की घोषणा की।
▪️ GE Aerospace–HAL Agreement के तहत भारत में GE F414 engines के निर्माण की योजना एक महत्वपूर्ण रक्षा-औद्योगिक पहल बनी।
▪️ भारत Artemis Accords में भी शामिल हुआ।
🔹 2024 — रणनीतिक साझेदारी का विस्तार 🇮🇳🤝🇺🇸
▪️ Critical and Emerging Technologies, Defence, Space, Clean Energy और Indo-Pacific Security के क्षेत्रों में सहयोग बढ़ा।
▪️ भारत–अमेरिका संबंध पारंपरिक रक्षा सहयोग से आगे बढ़कर Technology और Supply-Chain Resilience तक विस्तारित हुए।
🔹 2025–26 — रणनीतिक संबंधों का नया चरण 🔥
▪️ भारत–अमेरिका संबंधों में Trade, Defence, Technology, Energy, Critical Minerals, Semiconductors और Indo-Pacific Security पर विशेष ध्यान बढ़ा।
▪️ संबंध अब शीत युद्ध के दौर के मतभेदों से आगे बढ़कर Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership के स्तर तक पहुँच चुके हैं।
🎯 UGC NET/JRF QUICK REVISION
▪️ 1954 → अमेरिका–पाकिस्तान रक्षा समझौता
▪️ 1962 → चीन युद्ध के दौरान अमेरिका द्वारा भारत को सहायता
▪️ 1971 → अमेरिका का पाकिस्तान की ओर झुकाव
▪️ 1991 → शीत युद्ध के बाद का दौर + भारत के आर्थिक सुधार
▪️ 1998 → पोखरण-II + अमेरिकी प्रतिबंध
▪️ 2000 → Bill Clinton की भारत यात्रा
▪️ 2005 → नागरिक परमाणु समझौते की घोषणा
▪️ 2008 → भारत–अमेरिका परमाणु समझौता अंतिम रूप में
▪️ 2016 → भारत को Major Defense Partner का दर्जा
▪️ 2018 → COMCASA
▪️ 2020 → BECA
▪️ 2022 → I2U2
▪️ 2023 → GE-HAL + Artemis Accords + Critical Technologies
▪️ 2025–26 → व्यापार + रक्षा + तकनीक + Indo-Pacific
⭐ EXAM MANTRA:
“शीत युद्ध के मतभेद → रणनीतिक साझेदारी → व्यापक वैश्विक रणनीतिक साझेदारी”
UGC NET JRF/ Assistant Professor
📚 PDF / HARDCOPY Notes प्राप्त करने के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक पर क्लिक करें👇
wa.me/+919982735777?text=I_need_Complete_notes_with_DishaDarshan | 214 |
| 4 | 🇮🇳 भारत–🇺🇲 अमेरिका संबंध: महत्वपूर्ण समयरेखा
📚 UGC NET/JRF | अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध
🔹 1950 का दशक — गुटनिरपेक्षता एवं प्रारंभिक तनाव
▪️ भारत ने शीत युद्ध के दौरान गुटनिरपेक्षता (Non-Alignment) की नीति अपनाई।
▪️ सोवियत संघ के साथ भारत के घनिष्ठ संबंधों के कारण अमेरिका के साथ मतभेद उत्पन्न हुए।
UGC NET JRF/ Assistant Professor
📚 PDF / HARDCOPY Notes प्राप्त करने के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक पर क्लिक करें👇
wa.me/+919982735777?text=I_need_Complete_notes_with_DishaDarshan
🔹 1954 — अमेरिका–पाकिस्तान गठबंधन
▪️ अमेरिका और पाकिस्तान ने Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement पर हस्ताक्षर किए।
▪️ पाकिस्तान SEATO (1954) और बाद में CENTO में शामिल हुआ।
▪️ भारत ने इसे अपनी सुरक्षा के लिए एक खतरे के रूप में देखा।
🔹 1962 — भारत–चीन युद्ध 🇨🇳
▪️ भारत–चीन युद्ध के दौरान अमेरिका ने भारत को सैन्य सहायता प्रदान की।
▪️ यह भारत–अमेरिका के बीच अस्थायी रणनीतिक सहयोग का एक महत्वपूर्ण चरण था।
🔹 1965 — भारत–पाकिस्तान युद्ध
▪️ युद्ध के दौरान अमेरिका ने भारत और पाकिस्तान दोनों को सैन्य सहायता निलंबित कर दी।
▪️ इसके कारण दोनों देशों के साथ अमेरिकी संबंधों में तनाव बढ़ा।
🔹 1971 — बांग्लादेश मुक्ति युद्ध 🇧🇩
▪️ बांग्लादेश संकट के दौरान अमेरिका का झुकाव पाकिस्तान की ओर था।
▪️ USS Enterprise का बंगाल की खाड़ी में पहुँचना भारत–अमेरिका तनाव का एक प्रमुख प्रतीक बना।
▪️ भारत द्वारा भारत–सोवियत शांति, मैत्री एवं सहयोग संधि (1971) पर हस्ताक्षर करने से शीत युद्ध की विभाजन रेखा और स्पष्ट हुई।
🔹 1980 का दशक — संबंधों में सुधार की शुरुआत
▪️ भारत–अमेरिका संबंधों में धीरे-धीरे सुधार शुरू हुआ।
▪️ आर्थिक, तकनीकी एवं रणनीतिक संपर्क बढ़ने लगे।
🔹 1991 — शीत युद्ध के बाद महत्वपूर्ण मोड़ 🌍
▪️ शीत युद्ध की समाप्ति और भारत के 1991 के आर्थिक सुधारों ने दोनों देशों के बीच नए अवसर पैदा किए।
▪️ भारत और अमेरिका के बीच आर्थिक संबंध मजबूत होने लगे।
🔹 1998 — पोखरण-II परमाणु परीक्षण ☢️
▪️ भारत ने मई 1998 में परमाणु परीक्षण किए।
▪️ अमेरिका ने अपने परमाणु अप्रसार कानूनों के तहत भारत पर प्रतिबंध लगाए।
▪️ इसके बावजूद दोनों देशों के बीच राजनयिक वार्ता जारी रही, जिसने आगे चलकर संबंधों में सुधार का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया।
🔹 2000 — रणनीतिक साझेदारी की शुरुआत 🤝
▪️ अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति Bill Clinton की भारत यात्रा ने भारत–अमेरिका संबंधों में महत्वपूर्ण सुधार का संकेत दिया।
▪️ दोनों देशों ने व्यापक Strategic Partnership की दिशा में आगे बढ़ना शुरू किया।
🔹 2005 — ऐतिहासिक नागरिक परमाणु समझौता ☢️🤝
▪️ भारत और अमेरिका ने Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement की घोषणा की।
▪️ इसका उद्देश्य भारत को परमाणु अलगाव से बाहर लाना और नागरिक परमाणु सहयोग को बढ़ाना था।
🔹 2008 — भारत–अमेरिका नागरिक परमाणु समझौता
▪️ 123 Agreement और NSG waiver के बाद समझौते को अंतिम स्वीकृति मिली।
▪️ यह भारत–अमेरिका रणनीतिक संबंधों में एक ऐतिहासिक उपलब्धि बना।
🔹 2010 — UNSC में भारत की स्थायी सदस्यता का समर्थन 🇺🇳
▪️ राष्ट्रपति Barack Obama ने संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद (UNSC) में भारत की स्थायी सदस्यता की दावेदारी का समर्थन किया।
🔹 2015 — रणनीतिक एवं वैश्विक सहयोग
▪️ प्रधानमंत्री Narendra Modi की अमेरिका यात्रा से रक्षा, व्यापार, ऊर्जा, जलवायु और तकनीक के क्षेत्रों में सहयोग मजबूत हुआ।
▪️ दोनों देशों ने Asia-Pacific और Indian Ocean Region के लिए Joint Strategic Vision भी अपनाया।
🔹 2016 — Major Defense Partner ⭐
▪️ अमेरिका ने भारत को औपचारिक रूप से “Major Defense Partner” का दर्जा दिया।
▪️ इससे रक्षा तकनीक एवं सैन्य सहयोग को मजबूती मिली।
🔹 2017 — Indo-Pacific एवं QUAD 🌏
▪️ भारत, अमेरिका, जापान और ऑस्ट्रेलिया ने QUAD संवाद को पुनर्जीवित किया।
▪️ सहयोग का मुख्य ध्यान Free, Open and Inclusive Indo-Pacific पर केंद्रित हुआ।
🔹 2018 — COMCASA समझौता 🛰️
▪️ भारत और अमेरिका ने COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement) पर हस्ताक्षर किए।
▪️ इससे दोनों देशों की सेनाओं के बीच सुरक्षित संचार और सैन्य interoperability को बढ़ावा मिला।
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🔹 2020 — BECA समझौता 🗺️
▪️ भारत और अमेरिका ने BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement) पर हस्ताक्षर किए।
▪️ इससे Geospatial Information के आदान-प्रदान और रक्षा सहयोग को बढ़ावा मिला। | 312 |
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| 14 | 41 – 43 – 44 – 45 – 46 – 47 – 48 → Early Marx
50 – 52 – 57/58 – 59 → Political Economy & Revolution
67 – 71 – 75 → Mature Marx
85 – 94 → Posthumous Capital
📌 UGC NET/JRF Focus: Always remember Book + Year + Key Concept together.
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| 15 | 📚 CHRONOLOGY OF KARL MARX’S MAJOR WORKS
UGC NET | SET | JRF | Assistant Professor | PhD
🕰️ *KARL MARX — CHRONOLOGICAL REVISION*
1️⃣ 1841 — The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature
▪️ Marx’s doctoral dissertation
▪️ Examines the philosophies of Democritus and Epicurus.
2️⃣ 1843 — Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
▪️ Critique of Hegel’s political philosophy
▪️ Important for Marx’s developing ideas on state, religion and society.
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3️⃣ 1843 — On the Jewish Question
▪️ Engages with Bruno Bauer’s arguments on Jewish emancipation.
▪️ Distinguishes political emancipation from broader human emancipation.
4️⃣ 1844 — Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
▪️ Major early philosophical work
▪️ Key concepts: Alienation, Labour, Private Property, Communism.
5️⃣ 1845 — The Holy Family
▪️ Co-authored with Friedrich Engels
▪️ Critique of the Young Hegelians.
6️⃣ 1845 — Theses on Feuerbach
▪️ Short but highly influential work
▪️ Critiques Feuerbach’s materialism and emphasizes praxis and transformative action.
7️⃣ 1845–46 — The German Ideology
▪️ Co-authored with Friedrich Engels
▪️ Develops the foundations of historical materialism and critiques German idealist philosophy.
8️⃣ 1847 — The Poverty of Philosophy
▪️ Critique of Proudhon’s economic and socialist ideas
▪️ Develops Marx’s analysis of class struggle and political economy.
9️⃣ 1848 — Manifesto of the Communist Party
▪️ Co-authored with Friedrich Engels
▪️ Key themes: Class Struggle, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, Revolution, Communism.
🔟 1850 — The Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850
▪️ Analysis of the French Revolution of 1848 and its political consequences.
1️⃣1️⃣ 1852 — The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
▪️ Analysis of Louis Bonaparte’s 1851 coup
▪️ Important work on class, state and political power.
1️⃣2️⃣ 1857–58 — Grundrisse
▪️ Extensive preparatory manuscripts for Marx’s later critique of political economy
▪️ Important for understanding Capital and Marx’s economic theory.
1️⃣3️⃣ 1859 — A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
▪️ Major work in Marx’s development of his critique of political economy
▪️ Includes the famous base–superstructure formulation.
1️⃣4️⃣ 1867 — Capital: Volume I
▪️ Marx’s major work on capitalist production
▪️ Key concepts: Commodity, Surplus Value, Exploitation, Capital Accumulation.
1️⃣5️⃣ 1871 — The Civil War in France
▪️ Analysis of the Paris Commune of 1871
▪️ Important for Marx’s understanding of revolutionary political power.
1️⃣6️⃣ 1875 — Critique of the Gotha Program
▪️ Critique of the program of the German workers’ movement
▪️ Famous for Marx’s discussion of socialism, communism and distribution.
1️⃣7️⃣ 1885 — Capital: Volume II
▪️ Published posthumously by Friedrich Engels
▪️ Focuses primarily on the circulation and realization of capital.
1️⃣8️⃣ 1894 — Capital: Volume III
▪️ Published posthumously by Friedrich Engels
▪️ Deals with the overall process of capitalist production, including profit and its transformation.
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🎯 ONE-LINE CHRONOLOGY FOR EXAM REVISION
1841 → Democritean & Epicurean Philosophy
⬇️
1843 → Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
⬇️
1843 → On the Jewish Question
⬇️
1844 → Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts
⬇️
1845 → The Holy Family
⬇️
1845 → Theses on Feuerbach
⬇️
1845–46 → The German Ideology
⬇️
1847 → The Poverty of Philosophy
⬇️
1848 → Communist Manifesto
⬇️
1850 → Class Struggles in France
⬇️
1852 → Eighteenth Brumaire
⬇️
1857–58 → Grundrisse
⬇️
1859 → Critique of Political Economy
⬇️
1867 → Capital, Vol. I
⬇️
1871 → The Civil War in France
⬇️
1875 → Critique of the Gotha Program
⬇️
1885 → Capital, Vol. II
⬇️
1894 → Capital, Vol. III
🧠 QUICK MEMORY TRICK | 1 866 |
| 16 | 📚 TOP 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE THINKERS
UGC NET | JRF | Assistant Professor – Quick Revision
1️⃣ PLATO (428/427–348/347 BCE)
▪️ Major Work: The Republic
▪️ Key Concepts: Ideal State, Justice, Philosopher King, Theory of Forms
▪️ Core Idea: The ideal state should be governed by wise and virtuous philosophers.
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2️⃣ ARISTOTLE (384–322 BCE)
▪️ Major Work: Politics
▪️ Key Concepts: Classification of Governments, Citizenship, Rule of Law, Polity
▪️ Core Idea: Politics is concerned with achieving the good life and common good.
3️⃣ NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI (1469–1527)
▪️ Major Work: The Prince
▪️ Key Concepts: Political Realism, Power, Statecraft, Virtù, Fortuna
▪️ Core Idea: Politics should be studied realistically, based on how power actually operates.
4️⃣ JOHN LOCKE (1632–1704)
▪️ Major Work: Two Treatises of Government
▪️ Key Concepts: Natural Rights, Consent, Limited Government, Right to Resistance
▪️ Core Idea: Government derives its legitimacy from the consent of the governed.
5️⃣ JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712–1778)
▪️ Major Work: The Social Contract
▪️ Key Concepts: General Will, Popular Sovereignty, Social Contract, Freedom
▪️ Core Idea: Legitimate political authority rests on the General Will of the people.
6️⃣ KARL MARX (1818–1883)
▪️ Major Works: The Communist Manifesto, Capital
▪️ Key Concepts: Class Struggle, Historical Materialism, Alienation, State, Revolution
▪️ Core Idea: Political and social structures are deeply shaped by class relations and economic forces.
7️⃣ MAX WEBER (1864–1920)
▪️ Major Works: Economy and Society, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
▪️ Key Concepts: Authority, Bureaucracy, Legitimacy, Rational-Legal Authority
▪️ Core Idea: Modern political organization is strongly associated with bureaucracy and rational-legal authority.
8️⃣ JOHN RAWLS (1921–2002)
▪️ Major Work: A Theory of Justice
▪️ Key Concepts: Justice as Fairness, Original Position, Veil of Ignorance, Two Principles of Justice
▪️ Core Idea: A just society should be based on principles that free and equal persons would choose fairly.
9️⃣ MICHEL FOUCAULT (1926–1984)
▪️ Major Works: Discipline and Punish, The History of Sexuality
▪️ Key Concepts: Power/Knowledge, Discourse, Discipline, Surveillance, Governmentality
▪️ Core Idea: Power is not limited to the state; it operates through institutions, knowledge and everyday social practices.
🔟 HANNAH ARENDT (1906–1975)
▪️ Major Works: The Origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition
▪️ Key Concepts: Totalitarianism, Power, Political Action, Public Realm, Vita Activa
▪️ Core Idea: Politics is fundamentally connected with collective action, freedom and participation in the public realm.
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🎯 EXAM REVISION TRICK
PLATO → Ideal State
ARISTOTLE → Classification of Governments
MACHIAVELLI → Political Realism
LOCKE → Natural Rights
ROUSSEAU → General Will
MARX → Class Struggle
WEBER → Authority & Bureaucracy
RAWLS → Justice as Fairness
FOUCAULT → Power/Knowledge
ARENDT → Totalitarianism & Political Action
📌 Remember the Thinker + Book + Key Concept — a high-value combination for UGC NET/JRF revision.
DR. PS YADUVANSHI CLASSES
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| 17 | He strongly opposed caste discrimination, patriarchy and religious orthodoxy.
Q12. Who is associated with Hindutva as a political-cultural concept?
A. Deendayal Upadhyaya
B. V.D. Savarkar
C. Sri Aurobindo
D. M.S. Golwalkar
✅ Answer: B. V.D. Savarkar
📝 Explanation: Savarkar articulated his conception of Hindutva in Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu? (1923).
It presents a cultural-national conception of Hindu identity and nationhood.
Q13. Integral Humanism is associated with:
A. M.N. Roy
B. Ram Manohar Lohia
C. Deendayal Upadhyaya
D. B.R. Ambedkar
✅ Answer: C. Deendayal Upadhyaya
📝 Explanation: Integral Humanism emphasizes the integrated development of the human personality.
It seeks harmony between individual, society, nation and nature.
Q14. Which thinker is associated with Spiritual Nationalism?
A. Sri Aurobindo
B. Nehru
C. Tagore
D. Savarkar
✅ Answer: A. Sri Aurobindo
📝 Explanation: Aurobindo connected Indian nationalism with spiritual and cultural regeneration.
For him, national freedom was linked with a broader process of human and spiritual evolution.
Q15. Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
A. Gandhi — Trusteeship
B. Ambedkar — Constitutional Morality
C. M.N. Roy — Radical Humanism
D. Lohia — Integral Humanism
✅ Answer: D. Lohia — Integral Humanism
📝 Explanation: Integral Humanism is associated with Deendayal Upadhyaya.
Lohia is associated with socialism, Sapta Kranti and anti-caste politics. | 868 |
| 18 | 🇮🇳 INDIAN POLITICAL THINKERS — MCQs
UGC NET JRF Part 1
*Classical Liberalism*
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Q1. Who developed the Mandala Theory of interstate relations?
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Kautilya
D. Rabindranath Tagore
✅ Answer: C. Kautilya
📝 Explanation: Kautilya's Arthashastra explains interstate relations through the Mandala framework.
It categorizes neighbouring states according to their strategic interests and alliances.
Q2. The concept of Satyagraha is primarily associated with:
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. B.R. Ambedkar
C. M.N. Roy
D. Ram Manohar Lohia
✅ Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi
📝 Explanation: Satyagraha means resistance based on truth and non-violence.
Gandhi used it as a method of political and social struggle against injustice. Dr PS YADUVANSHI CLASSES
Q3. Which of the following is NOT associated with Gandhi?
A. Swaraj
B. Trusteeship
C. Sarvodaya
D. Historical Materialism
✅ Answer: D. Historical Materialism
📝 Explanation: Historical materialism is primarily associated with Karl Marx.
Gandhian thought emphasizes Swaraj, non-violence, trusteeship and Sarvodaya.
Q4. Annihilation of Caste was written by:
A. Jyotiba Phule
B. B.R. Ambedkar
C. Periyar
D. Gandhi
✅ Answer: B. B.R. Ambedkar
📝 Explanation: Ambedkar published Annihilation of Caste in 1936.
It provides a powerful critique of caste hierarchy and advocates radical social reform.
Q5. Which thinker emphasized liberty, equality and fraternity as foundations of social democracy?
A. Nehru
B. Gandhi
C. B.R. Ambedkar
D. Savarkar
✅ Answer: C. B.R. Ambedkar
📝 Explanation: Ambedkar considered these three principles essential to democratic society.
For him, political democracy required corresponding social democracy.
Q6. Hind Swaraj was written in:
A. 1919
B. 1925
C. 1936
D. 1909
✅ Answer: D. 1909
📝 Explanation: Gandhi wrote Hind Swaraj in 1909.
The text contains his critique of modern civilization and his conception of Swaraj.
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Q7. Which thinker is most closely associated with Democratic Socialism and Non-Alignment?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. V.D. Savarkar
C. M.N. Roy
D. Deendayal Upadhyaya
✅ Answer: A. Jawaharlal Nehru
📝 Explanation: Nehru combined democratic institutions with socialism and economic planning.
He was also one of the principal architects of India's Non-Aligned foreign policy.
Q8. Rabindranath Tagore was critical of:
A. Universal humanism
B. Cultural exchange
C. Aggressive nationalism
D. Individual freedom
✅ Answer: C. Aggressive nationalism
📝 Explanation: Tagore criticized narrow and aggressive forms of nationalism.
He emphasized universal humanism, cultural interaction and freedom of the individual.
Q9. Radical Humanism is associated with:
A. Periyar
B. M.N. Roy
C. Ram Manohar Lohia
D. Sri Aurobindo
✅ Answer: B. M.N. Roy
📝 Explanation: M.N. Roy developed Radical Humanism after becoming critical of orthodox Marxism.
It emphasizes reason, individual freedom, science and ethical politics.
Q10. Who formulated the idea of Sapta Kranti?
A. Gandhi
B. Ambedkar
C. Nehru
D. Ram Manohar Lohia
✅ Answer: D. Ram Manohar Lohia
📝 Explanation: Lohia proposed seven interconnected revolutions against different forms of exploitation and inequality.
His socialism also addressed caste, gender, colonialism and economic inequality.
Q11. The Self-Respect Movement is associated with:
A. Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
B. M.N. Roy
C. Jyotiba Phule
D. B.R. Ambedkar
✅ Answer: A. Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
📝 Explanation: Periyar launched the Self-Respect Movement to challenge caste hierarchy and social oppression. | 861 |
| 19 | 39. Mahatma Gandhi
📖 Journal: Harijan (1933–1948)
💡 Concept: Trusteeship
40. B.R. Ambedkar
📖 Work: Annihilation of Caste (1936)
💡 Concept: Anti-Caste Ideology
41. Deendayal Upadhyaya
📖 Work: Integral Humanism Lectures (1965)
💡 Concept: Integral Humanism
42. M.N. Srinivas
📖 Book: India’s Villages (1955)
💡 Concept: Dominant Caste
43. Rajni Kothari
📖 Article: The Congress System (1964)
💡 Concept: One-Party Dominance / Congress System
🏛️ *POLITICAL SCIENCE — APPROACHES & SYSTEMS*
44. Gabriel Almond
📖 Book: Politics of the Developing Areas (1960)
💡 Concept: Structural-Functional Approach
45. Gabriel Almond & Sidney Verba
📖 Book: The Civic Culture (1963)
💡 Concept: Political Culture
46. David Easton
📖 Book: The Political System (1953)
💡 Concept: Input–Output Model / Systems Approach
47. Anthony Downs
📖 Book: An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957)
💡 Concept: Rational Choice Theory
48. Robert Putnam
📖 Book: Making Democracy Work (1993)
💡 Concept: Social Capital
49. David Held
📖 Book: Democracy and the Global Order (1995)
💡 Concept: Cosmopolitan Democracy
50. Pope Gelasius I
📅 Year: 494 AD
💡 Concept: Two Swords Theory / Doctrine of Two Powers
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| 20 | 📚 50 KEY THINKERS
UGC NET JRF | PGT | Assistant Professor
🏛️ *WESTERN POLITICAL THINKERS*
1. Aristotle
📖 Book: Politics
💡 Concept: Classification of Constitutions
2. Niccolò Machiavelli
📖 Book: The Prince (c. 1513)
💡 Concept: Political Realism, Ethics–Politics Divide
3. Thomas Hobbes
📖 Book: Leviathan (1651)
💡 Concept: State of Nature, Social Contract
4. John Locke
📖 Book: Two Treatises of Government (1689)
💡 Concept: Natural Rights
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5. J.J. Rousseau
📖 Book: The Social Contract (1762)
💡 Concept: General Will
6. Montesquieu
📖 Book: The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
💡 Concept: Separation of Powers
7. J.S. Mill
📖 Book: On Liberty (1859)
💡 Concept: Harm Principle
8. Mary Wollstonecraft
📖 Book: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
💡 Concept: Early Feminism
9. Harold Laski
📖 Book: A Grammar of Politics (1925)
💡 Concept: Pluralism
10. Max Weber
📖 Book: Economy and Society (1922)
💡 Concept: Bureaucracy, Types of Authority
11. Karl Popper
📖 Book: The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945)
💡 Concept: Critique of Historicism
12. Hans J. Morgenthau
📖 Book: Politics Among Nations (1948)
💡 Concept: Classical Realism
13. Hannah Arendt
📖 Book: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951)
💡 Concept: Totalitarianism
14. John Rawls
📖 Book: A Theory of Justice (1971)
💡 Concept: Veil of Ignorance, Justice as Fairness
15. Robert Nozick
📖 Book: Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974)
💡 Concept: Minimal State
16. C.B. Macpherson
📖 Book: The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism (1962)
💡 Concept: Possessive Individualism
17. Robert Dahl
📖 Book: Who Governs? (1961)
💡 Concept: Polyarchy
18. Iris Marion Young
📖 Book: Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990)
💡 Concept: Group-Differentiated Justice
19. Susan Moller Okin
📖 Book: Justice, Gender, and the Family (1989)
💡 Concept: Gender & Family Injustice
20. Carole Pateman
📖 Book: The Sexual Contract (1988)
💡 Concept: Feminist Critique of Social Contract
🌍 *CONTEMPORARY / CRITICAL THINKERS*
21. Antonio Gramsci
📖 Work: Prison Notebooks
💡 Concept: Cultural Hegemony
22. Frantz Fanon
📖 Book: The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
💡 Concept: Colonialism & Colonial Psychology
23. Michel Foucault
📖 Book: Discipline and Punish (1975)
💡 Concept: Power/Knowledge, Panopticism
24. Jürgen Habermas
📖 Book: The Theory of Communicative Action (1981)
💡 Concept: Communicative Rationality
25. Benedict Anderson
📖 Book: Imagined Communities (1983)
💡 Concept: Imagined Nation / Imagined Communities
26. Edward Said
📖 Book: Orientalism (1978)
💡 Concept: Postcolonial Critique
27. Partha Chatterjee
📖 Book: Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World (1986)
💡 Concept: Derivative Discourse
28. James C. Scott
📖 Book: Weapons of the Weak (1985)
💡 Concept: Everyday Forms of Resistance
29. Simone de Beauvoir
📖 Book: The Second Sex (1949)
💡 Concept: Social Construction of Gender
30. Amartya Sen
📖 Book: Development as Freedom (1999)
💡 Concept: Capability Approach
🌐 *INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & DEVELOPMENT*
31. Kenneth Waltz
📖 Book: Theory of International Politics (1979)
💡 Concept: Neorealism / Structural Realism
32. Samuel P. Huntington
📖 Book: Political Order in Changing Societies (1968)
💡 Concept: Political Order & Political Decay
33. Samuel P. Huntington
📖 Book: The Clash of Civilizations (1996)
💡 Concept: Civilizational Conflict
34. Andre Gunder Frank
📖 Work: The Development of Underdevelopment (1966)
💡 Concept: Dependency Theory
35. Daniel Bell
📖 Book: The End of Ideology (1960)
💡 Concept: End of Ideology / Post-Ideological Politics
36. Francis Fukuyama
📖 Essay: The End of History? (1989)
💡 Concept: Triumph of Liberal Democracy
37. E.F. Schumacher
📖 Book: Small Is Beautiful (1973)
💡 Concept: Appropriate Technology
🇮🇳 *INDIAN THINKERS*
38. Kautilya
📖 Book: Arthashastra
💡 Concept: Mandala Theory, Saptanga Theory | 923 |
