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2021\2022 Batch https://t.me/Einstein2002 General medical information๐ค Pre-medical โ First year โ Second year โ Third year โณ https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61568406328331 https://www.youtube.com/@Einstein2002 ุงูุจุฏุงูุฉ 20\11\2022
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ุณุฃูู ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุณุคุงู ูู ุงูุดููู ููุงูู ููู ุชูุฑู ุจูู
Small intestine & Large intestine
ุชุฑุฏ ุนููู ูุงุฆูุง ๐ Large intestine
ุชุชู
ูุฒ ุจ :
Teniae coli ๐ฅ
Haustrum (Sacculation) ๐ฅ
Appendices epiploicae ๐ฅ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
ูุงูู ุงูุณุคุงู ุงูููู
ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ูุฃูุง ุฏุฑุชููู
ุณููุงุฑูู ๐
Einstein โ๏ธ
Pelvic colon (Sigmoid colon)
ุณุคุงู ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุงูููู
๐
The longest part of the Large intestine is
During fasting, the blood gets glucose from
ุจููููููู
ู
ุงุชููู
ูุด ุงูุฏูุชูุฑุฉ ุชุฌุฑู ุฑุงูู ูุฃูู ุนุงุฏ ุดุงุจุญู ุงููู ูุดุงุฑูู ูู ุงูู
ูุถูุน ุงููู ุชุดุฑุญ ููู ุชูููู ูุงูู
ูู ูููู
๐ ุู ุงููู ุนูุฏู ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุฏุณูุง ููุณูุช ููุณุชู
ุน ๐ ููุท ุุนุงุฏ ูุญู ุงูุฏูุนุฉ ุงูู
ู
ูุฒุฉ
Phases of swallowing
ุณุคุงู ุฑูุชู ูุงูุช ุงูุฏูุชูุฑุฉ ูุฌูู ๐ฅ
ุณุคุงู ูู ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ๐
If the bolus is small, the Primary Peristalsis is Enough to deliver it to Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Orad region of the Stomach has thinner muscle layers then Caudad region
ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุงูุชูุณูู
ุฉ ุญุชู ูู ุณูุงูุฏุงุช ุงูุฏูุชูุฑุฉ
ููุตุฉ Thickness ุฐูุฑุชูุง ุงูููู
#ู
ุนููู
ุงุช_ููู
ู
ุตุฏุฑ ุงูู
ุนููู
ุฉ ุฏ.ุงูุณูุฏ ุนู
ุงุฑุฉ ๐ฅ
#ูุชุงุจุชู
ูุฒูู Instagram ุงููููุฉ ุชุจู ุชุชูุงุตู ู
ุนุงูุง ุนููู, ุถุงูุช ุนูููู
ุฎูุงุต ู
ุงุนุงุด ูููู ุบูุฑ Instagram ๐
ุงูุฌุฏูู ุจุฑุนุงูุฉ ููู ูุฑุฏุณู ุดูุชูู ูู ุฃุณุจูุน ููู ู
ุงุฏุฉ ๐
ู
ุงุนุงุด ูุฑูุญู ู
ู ุงููููุฉ ุนูู ุงูุดุจุฑ ูุฐุง ๐
Repost from N/a
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู ูุจุฑูุงุชู
ุงูููุงุท ุงูู
ูู
ุฉ ููู ุฐูุฑูุง ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุนุจุฏุงูุณูุงู
ูู ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ intracranial:
. Divide to 3 fossa
- anterior cranial fossa
- middle cranial fossa
- posterior cranial fossa
/Tentorium membrane (very important )
: Separate between posterior cranial fossa and other cranial cavity
Attachment to : petrous bone , occipital bone , petrous bone
.ุงุฌุชูุงุฏ ุดุฎุตู ู
ู ุงููููู
the sphenoid bone : anteriorly
the petrous bone : laterally
squamous part of the occipital bone : posteriorly
ูุงูุชู ููู ู
ุง ุชุจู ุชูุตูู
โข ๐ค๐ฅ๐ฃ๐ฆ๐๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฃ๐๐ค :-
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ :
1- frontal bone (skull base)
. Groove of orabit bone formed by frontal bone (imp)
2- ethmoid bone
- Crista galli bone attached to ( falx cerebral )
- Falx cerebri : membrane Separate between left and right hemisphere brain
Attached : crista galli in anterior , skull in middle , Tentorium in posterior
/๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฏ๐๐ฌ (๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ) 12 ๐ ู
ูู
ุงุช
๐- olfactory nerve
๐- optic nerve
๐- oculomotor nerve
๐- trochlear nerve
๐- trigeminal nerve
๐- abducens nerve
-Olfactory nerve responsible of smell ๐
Going to Cribriform plate
--------------------
- ๐๐๐
๐
๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐
( superior orbital fissure ) structures
ู
ูู
ุฉ ูุชุฌู ู ุงูุงู
ุชุญุงู
/ Anterior clinoid optic canal
. Structure
- Optic nerve
- ophthalmic artery
Posterior clinoid attached to tentoidul
- Sella turcica : pituitary gland / hypophysis gland (imp)
Sphenoidal sinus
Diaphragmatic sella
Hypophyseal stalk
Cavernous sinus (imp)
Structures :-
- Internal Carotid artery
- Anterior intracavernous sinus
- posterior intracavernous sinus
Cranial nerve ๐ ูู
ุฑ ุฏุงุฎู ุงู sinus
3,4,5 nerves passing more lateral bored of cavernous sinus
-Which nerve pass inside cavernous sinus? (๐ ๐ง)
( Superior orbital fissure )
Located between lesser and greater wings
. Structures
- ๐,๐,๐,๐ ๐ง
- Superior of opthalmic nerve
๐ ุงูู
ุญุฑู ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ููุนูู
๐ ๐, ุงุญุณุงุณ ูููุฌู ูููุณู
ู the thickest cranial nerve
๐ฏ1 Frontal n / ophthalmic
๐ฏ2 Maxillary n
๐ฏ๐ Mandibular n
๐๐ญ : ูู
ุฑ ููู superior orbital fissure
Giving 3 branches :
- lacrimal
- nasocirilly
- supraorbital
3,4,6 ู
ุญุฑูุงุช ูู
ุบุฏูุงุช ููุนูู
Foramens (๐.๐.๐)
o - Rotandus f :-
M- maxillary nerve (largest )
A- accessory maningeal artery
L- lesser petrossl nerve
E- emissary vein
ูุฌู ูุณุคุงู
o - Ovale f
- Mandibular nerve ู
ูู
o - Spinosum f
- Middle mingeal artery (come from external carotid )
ูุงู ูุณูุช ุดู ูููููู
- ููู
ูู
ุทูุจ
Repost from N/a
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู ูุจุฑูุงุชู
ุงูููุงุท ุงูู
ูู
ุฉ ูู ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉ ู ุฏ ุนุจุฏุงูุณูุงู
ุงูุญูุด )head and neck(
ูู ู
ููุง ุนุงูุฏูุง ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ
- lacrimal gland and lacrimal bone
. Lacrimal gland located laterally
. Lacrimal bone located in the middle (mcq )
- pterion : group of bones ( frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid) bones ูุฏู ู
ูุงูู ุนูููุง ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงููู. ูุงุชุช ู
ุน ููุน ุงู hematoma ูุง ูุฎูู ุงูุงู
ุชุญุงู ู
ููุง
- asterion : meeting point between 3 cranial sutures and 3 cranial bones at the depression posterior to the ear
/Bones ( occipital, partial, temporal)
/Sutures ( lambdoid, parietomastoid, occipitomastoid )
( sigmoid sinus ูู
ุฑ ู
ู ุฎูู the asterion )
- coronal suture line betweenโฆโฆโฆโฆ
- Craniosynostosis ( not imp) ูู
ุนููู
ุฉ ุนุงู
ุฉ
- metopic suture
Vault of the skull ( inside)
. Groove of superior sagittal sinus
) S.S.S ). ูู
ุฑ ู
ู ุฎูุงูู superior sagittal sinusย (the largest sinus in skull) ูุงู ููุตู ุจูู ูุตูู ุงูุฏู
ุงุบ
Groove of middle meningeal artery
Emissary veins connect between the intracranial ( scalp) and extracranialย (S.S.S) Venous sinus
drain to the scalp from skull
Anterior fontanelle
Posterior fontanelle (imp)
/Site :( ant ) frontal bones and parietal bones
(Posterior) parietal and occipital bones
/Shape: ant : diamond shape
Posterior: triangle shape
/posterior fontanelleusually closes first within 2 months of birth
The anteriorย closes between 7 and 18 months
Clinical Function: when internacranial pressure means
/ increase of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
/ hematoma
/ mass
We found the fontanelle bulging or tense
/ taking samples through the fontanelle to meningitis exam )ุบูุฑ ุณููู
ุฉ )
Craniabesal: divide to 3 parts
- anterior
/(Hard palate) formed by :
- maxillary bone
- palatine bone (MCQ)
posterior nasal apertures
โโโโโโโโโโโ-
- middle
Vomer bone
Sphenoid bone
โโโโโโโโโโโ-
-Posterior
Occipital bone divide to
- basilar part ( basilar artery )
- condyte part ( two condytes make articulation with spinal)
- squamous part.
-Infratemporal fossa (important) ุฏูู
ุง ุชุฌู ูู ุงูุงู
ุชุญุงูุงุช
Pterygoid fossa
-ููู
ูู
ุทูุจ
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