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๐ž๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐งโ€™๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ ๐ช๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ธ=๐‘€๐ถยฒ ๐–ขฆ

๐ž๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐งโ€™๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ ๐ช๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ธ=๐‘€๐ถยฒ ๐–ขฆ

ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ Telegram

2021\2022 Batch https://t.me/Einstein2002 General medical information๐Ÿค Pre-medical โœ… First year โœ… Second year โœ… Third year โณ https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61568406328331 https://www.youtube.com/@Einstein2002 ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ 20\11\2022

ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ
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ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒูˆู†
+124 ุณุงุนุงุช
-27 ุฃูŠุงู…
+430 ุฃูŠุงู…
ุฃุฑุดูŠู ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุงุช
ุณุฃู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดููˆูŠ ูˆู‚ุงู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† Small intestine & Large intestine ุชุฑุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู„ุง ๐Ÿ˜ Large intestine ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจ : Teniae coli ๐Ÿ”ฅ Haustrum (Sacculation) ๐Ÿ”ฅ Appendices epiploicae ๐Ÿ”ฅ โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€” ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฏุฑุชู„ูƒู… ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆ ๐Ÿ˜ Einstein โœ๏ธ

ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู„ูƒู… ู…ุงุชู„ูˆู…ูˆุด ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุฑุงู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุงุฏ ุดุงุจุญู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุดุฑุญ ููŠู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… ๐Ÿ˜‚ ุŒู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุฏุณู‡ุง ูˆูŠุณูƒุช ูˆูŠุณุชู…ุน ๐Ÿ˜ ูู‚ุท ุŒุนุงุฏ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุฏูุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ

Phases of swallowing ุณุคุงู„ ุฑูŠุชู† ู‚ุงู„ุช ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุฌูŠู‡ ๐Ÿ”ฅ

ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุตุฉ Thickness ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…

#ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช_ู„ูŠูƒ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฏ.ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ ๐Ÿ”ฅ #ูƒุชุงุจุชูŠ
#ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช_ู„ูŠูƒ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฏ.ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ ๐Ÿ”ฅ #ูƒุชุงุจุชูŠ

ู†ุฒู„ูˆ Instagram ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจูŠ ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡, ุถุงู‚ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ุงุนุงุด ู„ู‚ูˆู‡ ุบูŠุฑ Instagram ๐Ÿ˜‚

ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู ูŠุฑุฏุณูˆ ุดูŠุชูŠู† ููŠ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ๐Ÿ˜‚

ู…ุงุนุงุด ู†ุฑูˆุญูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ๐Ÿ˜‚
ู…ุงุนุงุด ู†ุฑูˆุญูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ๐Ÿ˜‚

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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูŠู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุจุฏุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ intracranial: . Divide to 3 fossa - anterior cranial fossa - middle cranial fossa - posterior cranial fossa /Tentorium membrane (very important ) : Separate between posterior cranial fossa and other cranial cavity Attachment to : petrous bone , occipital bone , petrous bone .ุงุฌุชู‡ุงุฏ ุดุฎุตูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‚ู„ the sphenoid bone : anteriorly the petrous bone : laterally squamous part of the occipital bone : posteriorly ูˆุงู†ุชูˆ ูƒูŠู ู…ุง ุชุจูˆ ุชูˆุตููˆ โ€ข ๐•ค๐•ฅ๐•ฃ๐•ฆ๐•”๐•ฅ๐•ฆ๐•ฃ๐•–๐•ค :- ๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’†๐’“๐’Š๐’๐’“ ๐’„๐’“๐’‚๐’๐’Š๐’‚๐’ ๐’‡๐’๐’”๐’”๐’‚ : 1- frontal bone (skull base) . Groove of orabit bone formed by frontal bone (imp) 2- ethmoid bone - Crista galli bone attached to ( falx cerebral ) - Falx cerebri : membrane Separate between left and right hemisphere brain Attached : crista galli in anterior , skull in middle , Tentorium in posterior /๐œ๐ซ๐š๐ง๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ (๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ) 12 ๐’ ู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ๐Ÿ- olfactory nerve ๐Ÿ- optic nerve ๐Ÿ‘- oculomotor nerve ๐Ÿ’- trochlear nerve ๐Ÿ“- trigeminal nerve ๐Ÿ”- abducens nerve -Olfactory nerve responsible of smell ๐Ÿ‘ƒ Going to Cribriform plate -------------------- - ๐’Ž๐’Š๐’…๐’…๐’๐’† ๐’„๐’“๐’‚๐’๐’Š๐’‚๐’ ๐’‡๐’๐’”๐’”๐’‚ ( superior orbital fissure ) structures ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆุชุฌูŠ ู ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† / Anterior clinoid optic canal . Structure - Optic nerve - ophthalmic artery Posterior clinoid attached to tentoidul - Sella turcica : pituitary gland / hypophysis gland (imp) Sphenoidal sinus Diaphragmatic sella Hypophyseal stalk Cavernous sinus (imp) Structures :- - Internal Carotid artery - Anterior intracavernous sinus - posterior intracavernous sinus Cranial nerve ๐Ÿ” ูŠู…ุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ sinus 3,4,5 nerves passing more lateral bored of cavernous sinus -Which nerve pass inside cavernous sinus? (๐Ÿ” ๐ง) ( Superior orbital fissure ) Located between lesser and greater wings . Structures - ๐Ÿ‘,๐Ÿ’,๐Ÿ“,๐Ÿ” ๐ง - Superior of opthalmic nerve ๐Ÿ‘ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ๐Ÿ“ ๐•, ุงุญุณุงุณ ู„ู„ูˆุฌู‡ ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ the thickest cranial nerve ๐ฏ1 Frontal n / ophthalmic ๐ฏ2 Maxillary n ๐ฏ๐Ÿ‘ Mandibular n ๐˜ƒ๐Ÿญ : ูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ superior orbital fissure Giving 3 branches : - lacrimal - nasocirilly - supraorbital 3,4,6 ู…ุญุฑูƒุงุช ูˆู…ุบุฏูŠุงุช ู„ู„ุนูŠู† Foramens (๐‘.๐Ž.๐’) o - Rotandus f :- M- maxillary nerve (largest ) A- accessory maningeal artery L- lesser petrossl nerve E- emissary vein ูŠุฌูˆ ูƒุณุคุงู„ o - Ovale f - Mandibular nerve ู…ู‡ู… o - Spinosum f - Middle mingeal artery (come from external carotid ) ูƒุงู† ู†ุณูŠุช ุดูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูŠ - ูŠูˆู…ูƒู… ุทูŠุจ

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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ ุฏ ุนุจุฏุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ุญู†ุด )head and neck( ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนุงูˆุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ - lacrimal gland and lacrimal bone . Lacrimal gland located laterally . Lacrimal bone located in the middle (mcq ) - pterion : group of bones ( frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid) bones ู‡ุฏูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ. ูุงุชุช ู…ุน ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ hematoma ู„ุง ูŠุฎู„ูˆ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง - asterion : meeting point between 3 cranial sutures and 3 cranial bones at the depression posterior to the ear /Bones ( occipital, partial, temporal) /Sutures ( lambdoid, parietomastoid, occipitomastoid ) ( sigmoid sinus ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ู the asterion ) - coronal suture line betweenโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ - Craniosynostosis ( not imp) ูƒู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ - metopic suture Vault of the skull ( inside) . Groove of superior sagittal sinus ) S.S.S ). ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ superior sagittal sinusย  (the largest sinus in skull) ู‚ุงู„ ูŠูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ูุตูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ Groove of middle meningeal artery Emissary veins connect between the intracranial ( scalp) and extracranialย  (S.S.S) Venous sinus drain to the scalp from skull Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle (imp) /Site :( ant ) frontal bones and parietal bones (Posterior) parietal and occipital bones /Shape: ant : diamond shape Posterior: triangle shape /posterior fontanelleusually closes first within 2 months of birth The anteriorย  closes between 7 and 18 months Clinical Function: when internacranial pressure means / increase of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) / hematoma / mass We found the fontanelle bulging or tense / taking samples through the fontanelle to meningitis exam )ุบูŠุฑ ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ) Craniabesal: divide to 3 parts - anterior /(Hard palate) formed by : - maxillary bone - palatine bone (MCQ) posterior nasal apertures โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”- - middle Vomer bone Sphenoid bone โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”- -Posterior Occipital bone divide to - basilar part ( basilar artery ) - condyte part ( two condytes make articulation with spinal) - squamous part. -Infratemporal fossa (important) ุฏูŠู…ุง ุชุฌูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช Pterygoid fossa -ูŠูˆู…ูƒู… ุทูŠุจ