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Continuous Learning_Startup & Investment

Continuous Learning_Startup & Investment

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We journey together through the captivating realms of entrepreneurship, investment, life, and technology. This is my chronicle of exploration, where I capture and share the lessons that shape our world. Join us and let's never stop learning!

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"The more neatly you fit into society, the less free you actually are." @naval

OpenAI ์•ˆ์—๋Š” 2020๋…„์— ์ƒ๊ธด Applied๋ผ๋Š” ํŒ€์ด ChatGPT๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•จ. PMF ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ํŒ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/inside-openai-how-does-chatgpt-ship

์‹ค์ ์ด ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•œ ์ž„์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ œํ”„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด... 1. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ .. 2. ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ์ธ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ .. 3. ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ํŒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ .. 4. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ... 5. ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ... 6. ๋‚ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์‹คํ•ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค..... ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ค๋ž„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์งˆ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

The AI industry is in a curious state right now. Billions are being spent on capex, credits and tokensโ€ฆyet few new incremental customer revenues are being generated - at least that I see. Two potential explanations: 1) AI is an efficiency play so companies will deploy agents and automation to reduce existing infrastructure/costs, keeping most end use cases the same. So AI generates OpEx savings โ€œunder the hoodโ€. 2) VCs are feeding startups with billions that consume AI compute looking for new use cases. The AI compute complex booms and books real revenues but if the startups donโ€™t find product-market fit soon then these revenues will shrivel because the startups wonโ€™t get more funding and will go bankrupt. What are some startups making money using AI to enable a new, valuable product to end customers/users?

if you are intrigued about Q Learning but only know about PPO (policy gradients) and RLHF, this paper of John Schulman (OpenAI cofounder) is worth reading: arxiv.org/abs/1704.06440. It shows that both are functionally equivalent in the entropy-regularized setting.

์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ ์‚ฐ๋งˆํ…Œ์˜ค ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์—์„œ ์œ ์ € ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘ '์—ฌ์œ '์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”์œ ์ผ์ •์„ ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์••๋ฐ• ์†์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋А๊ปด์ ธ์„œ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค. "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ์ข‹์€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ง‘๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ๋œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํœด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ '์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋А๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ'์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์š”์ฆ˜์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค ๊ฒช์–ด์„œ, ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€, ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋А๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์œ ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋ฌผ์‹ฌ์–‘๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋А๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ, ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

https://www.facebook.com/suhoz/posts/pfbid02S69yV53hVj9yR5csXzHmec7W6iJPDX86kKtKb6p8wpQxHS3yFMdz1kSBsTxqJP9dl 1. ์ฐฝ์—…์ด์š”? ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํฐ๋ˆ ๋ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”? ํ†  ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์š”. ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด ๋น„์ƒ์žฅ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ 1000์–ต ์ด์ƒ,์•„๋‹ˆ, 300์–ต ์ด์ƒ ์—‘์‹œํŠธ(๋งค๊ฐ)ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ˆ˜? ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋ช… ์ •๋„์—์š”. ์„ธ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์›”๊ธ‰์Ÿ์ด์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์™œ ์ฐฝ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง€๊ธ‹์ง€๊ธ‹ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. 2๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์›” 50๋งŒ์›๋งŒ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์™€์ค€ ์ฐฝ์—…๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์š”. 2. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— C๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”? ๋„ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์˜ฌ ์Šˆํผ์ธ์žฌ๊ธ‰ C๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ €ํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” C๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ๋‘์ง€์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ณต์‹ ๋“ค์ผํ…๋ฐ... ์•„๋‡จ. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ฐฝ์—…๊ณต์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  CTO, CMO ๋‹ค ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค๋†”๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ 3๋…„๋งŒ์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ 3๋…„์ฐจ CTO๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํ…Œ๋ž‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์˜ค๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ์ €๋ผ๋„ ์•ˆ ์˜ฌ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ C๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ์•ˆ ๋‘” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. 3. ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ˆํ•ด๋„ 5๋…„ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด๋’€๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”? ๋„ค. ์ด์ „ 3๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ณผ ํ์—… ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ณธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์—…ํ•ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ? ๋ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํŒ…ํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด 2๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ์ž๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„ ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ์ •๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ ๋„ 5๋…„ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ์ •๋„ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ์ž์œ ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‘” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์ฐฝ์—… ํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต๋“ค์ธ๊ฑด? ์ธ์žฌ์˜์ž…์ด์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ชฝ, ๊ณต๋™์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์ชฝ ์ธ์žฌ์˜์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๋™๋„ค์— ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์นดํŽ˜์— ์ฃฝ์น˜๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ๋งํฌ๋“œ์ธ, ๋ฆฌ๋ฉค๋ฒ„ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์ธ์žฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฝœ๋“œ๋ฉ”์ผ, DM์„ ๋‚ ๋ ค์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋“ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•œ 3000๋ช… ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‚˜? 99%๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋‚™๋‹ด ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ˆฑํ•œ ์—ฐ์• , ์†Œ๊ฐœํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„์š”. ์ •๋ง ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋ถ„ ์˜ฌ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ๋„์ „ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด์ œ์š”? 2๋…„์ „ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์™€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. 5. 3๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ์—… ํ›„ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์•„์ดํ…œ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ์›์น™์„ ์„ธ์› ๋‚˜์š”? 1) 1์กฐ ์ด์ƒ ํฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์ผ ๊ฒƒ. 2) ๋งค๋…„ 10% ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅ. 3) ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ „ํ™˜์ด ๋”๋”˜ ๊ณณ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณธ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด 4050์—ฌ์„ฑ. ์ธ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋‚˜ ์•ฑ์€ ์ „๋ฌดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ . ์‹ค์ œ ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์ฐฝ์—์„œ ์›ํ”ผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž…์„๋งŒํ•œ ํ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์•ˆ๋จ. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์งˆ๋ฆผ. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ  ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จนํžŒ ๊ณณ์ด #ํ€ธ์ž‡ #์„ฑ์‹ค์บ ํ”„ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ฐ˜๋™์•ˆ ์งง์€ ์ฐฝ์—… ์—ฌ์ • ์†Œ๊ฐœ, ๊ธด Q&A, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ณธ์ธ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋Ÿผ์—†์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์ปคํ”ผ์ฑ— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ตœํฌ๋ฏผ #๋ผํฌ๋žฉ์Šค ๊ณต๋™๋Œ€ํ‘œ. ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋์ด ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์—…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ผ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€์ •์‹ ์„ ๋” ๋ช…์ง•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์คฌ๋‹ค. #๋ชป์˜จ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ์†ํ•ด #์„ฑ์‹ค์บ ํ”„๋Š”_์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด_์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค_์ทจ์ง€์˜์žฌ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ•์—ฐํšŒ

OpenAI failure, if that is what ultimately happens, will scatter teams everywhere. The net result of that is more competition and, ultimately, more commoditization. Foundational models generally become more robust, available and cheaper. Hardware becomes more commoditized. Training data, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and fine tuning become critical.