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IV Notes ๐Ÿ’‰

IV Notes ๐Ÿ’‰

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ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฑุนุงุช ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุจุณ ุฌู‡ ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุณูƒุฑู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุงูƒู„ ู„ู‚ุงู‡ 200 ุชูุชูƒุฑ ู‡ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ูŠูƒู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุŸ! ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ : ู‡ูŠุตุญุญ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูุนู„ุง ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู‡ูŠุตู„ุญู‡ุง ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ุจุณ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุญุจ , ุฏูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุณุจู‡ุง ูƒุทุจูŠุจ ูˆุจุชุจู„ุบ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจุชุงุนูƒ .. ู…ุซุงู„ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฏู‡ ๐Ÿ‘‡ https://youtu.be/A3SutbiDQ2Y?si=DTZfY4If23E4TBTc

ุชุธุจูŠุท ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุญุจ .. ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† Renal ู‡ู„ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุฌุฑุนุงุชู‡ ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† Hepatic ู‡ู„ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุฌุฑุนุงุชู‡ ุŸ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ target ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุฃูˆุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุฏุฉ ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู„ุฌุฑุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุธุจูˆุทุฉ ุŸ! ูƒู„ ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุช ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุฏูˆู„ ๐Ÿ‘‡ https://youtu.be/qufZyWaI5QU?si=KLGVS_VzDOVkegMy

ุนูŠุงู† ุณูƒุฑ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ( ู„ุงู†ุชูˆุณ ) ูˆุณูƒุฑู‡ ู„ุณุฉ ุจูŠุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ู†ุฏุฎู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ุงู†ุชูˆุณ ุฏู‡ ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ู„ู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช .. ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฏู‡ ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุฎุทูˆุฉ ๐Ÿ‘‡ https://youtu.be/6KRYNnI2B-s?si=PWFerC1gPeJ8YTmk

ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุชุญุณุจ ุงู„ Total daily dose of insulin ๐Ÿ’‰ https://youtu.be/AjEmkZDY7vc

ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุถ ููŠ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุช ู„ู„ chest pain ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูƒ ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠุดุชูƒูŠ ู…ู† chest pain ุชุนุฑู ุงู†ูƒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฎุฑุฌู‡ ุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏุฉ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจู‡ุฏูˆุก ๐Ÿซ€๐Ÿซ https://youtube.com/shorts/trR5L9sm9s4?si=cfrdbEcKB_LIJ3U9

ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฏู‡ ุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุถูŠู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณุŒ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุถุบุทุŒ ูˆุงุฑุชุดุงุญุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฆุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฏูŠ ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ู„ู‚ ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง TRALI ุฏูŠ complication ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ ูˆูุงุฉุŒ ูˆุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ Neutrophils ุชุชู†ุดุท ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฆุฉ. โœ‹ ุงู„ risk factors ุชุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู†ุŒ ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ critical illness ๐Ÿ‘Œ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุจุชุงุน TRALI ุฅู† ุงู„ุดุนูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฆุฉ ุจุชู†ุถุฑุจ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฎู†ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ neutrophils ูˆุงู„ antibodies ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠุณุจุจ inflammatory pulmonary edema . ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูฆ ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู† ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุจุชุดู…ู„ ุถูŠู‚ ู†ูุณุŒ ู†ู‚ุต ุฃูƒุณฺ†ูŠู†ุŒ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ุถุบุทุŒ ูˆุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงุฑุชุดุงุญุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู† bilateral ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ general ๐Ÿ’Š ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ: ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ูˆู‚ู ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ููˆุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆrespiratory support ุจุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุงููŠ ุŒ ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุชู†ูุณ ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† invasive or non invasive ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠุชุญุณู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูขูค-ูคูจ ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู€ ูฅู ูช. ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ antibiotics ุบู„ุท ๐Ÿค” ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจุนุฏ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุฆุญ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุจุจ ุณุฎูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฑุนุดุฉุŒ ุชุณุงุฑุน ููŠ ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุถุบุทุŒ ูˆุจู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฏู‡ ู…ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ูุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุถุนูŠู. ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ Diuretics ุบู„ุท ๐Ÿค” ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู…ุน transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) ุŒ ูุฏู‡ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุฑุดุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฆุฉ ูุนู…ู„ุช ุถูŠู‚ ุชู†ูุณ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูฆ ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู† ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุถุบุท ุจุณุจุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฏู‡ ุถุบุทู‡ ูˆุงุทูŠุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ููŠุด ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุงุชู†ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุŒ ูุงุญุชู…ุงู„ TACO ุถุนูŠู. ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ antihistamine ุบู„ุท ๐Ÿค” ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… (Anaphylaxis) ุŒ ูุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Adrenaline IM + IV antihistaminic ุŒ ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุจุนุฏ ุจุฏุก ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฏู‡ ุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน Wheezy chest ู…ุด crepitations ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุด ุจุชุณุจุจ infiltrates in CXR ุŒ ูุฏู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุถุนูŠู. โœŒ๏ธโœŒ๏ธ

transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), a rare but serious transfusion reaction. TRALI occurs when neutrophils are activated by components in transfused blood, leading to pulmonary capillary damage and inflammatory pulmonary edema. Symptoms, including hypoxia, dyspnea, hypotension, tachycardia, and fever, develop within 6 hours of transfusion. Chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol abuse, and critical illness. Treatment involves stopping the transfusion and providing respiratory support, though mortality can be high in critically ill patients.

What's the next step in management for his respiratory distress ?
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30y old smoker alcoholic man is admitted after RTA. Hemodynamically stable at presentation, workup revealed liver laceration.
30y old smoker alcoholic man is admitted after RTA. Hemodynamically stable at presentation, workup revealed liver laceration. The patient has no chronic medical conditions and takes no medications. later his hemoglobin levels acutely decreased, and a packed red blood cell transfusion was ordered. An hour after the transfusion starts, the patient develops difficulty breathing. The transfusion is stopped. Temperature is 36.9 , blood pressure is 86/42 , pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 26/min. Pulse oximetry shows 88% on room air. Lung examination reveals bilateral crackles. Skin examination is normal. Chest x-ray reveals bilateral pulmonary infiltrates.

ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ุนุฉ ู„ุดุบู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุชุฎุต ุงู„ Diabetes ๐Ÿ‘‡ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ Hypoglycemia https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDNL0MZajaLFf300zcIJyo8K7O7aPGYrm&si=0OlkZBodJDKSgxpJ ู…ู„ูุงุช ุงู„ PDF ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ cases https://t.me/IV_NOTES/372 https://t.me/IV_NOTES/370 ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ Insulin https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDNL0MZajaLG_cJHH2w0O_uw8B2qR-phV&si=oUwjpK0ByK8oT7Pv ู…ู„ูุงุช ุงู„ PDF ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ basic ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ clinical ูˆ cases https://t.me/IV_NOTES/346 https://t.me/IV_NOTES/401 https://t.me/IV_NOTES/430 ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠุงู… ููŠ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ุขู…ู† ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDNL0MZajaLFMVr8JTzqutTiRuSSGoo8K&si=gejbaSCaHgRZROeC ู…ู„ู ุงู„ PDF ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑู…ุถุงู† https://t.me/IV_NOTES/517 ุงุชุณู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„ ุจุงู„ workshop ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ โณุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏูŠ ๐Ÿ˜ #By_Dr_Mo #IV_Notes

ุงู„ febrile reaction ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุญุตู„ ู…ุน ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุณุจุจู‡ุง ุฅู† ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุชุจุฑุน ุจุชูุฑุฒ cytokines . ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุชุฌู‡ุฒ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ู„ู†ู‚ู„ุŒ ุจูŠุชู… ูุตู„ู‡ ู„ RBCs & plasma ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูˆุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† WBCs ููŠ ุงู„ packed RBCs . ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุงู„ุจูˆุงู‚ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ Cytokines ูˆู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุชู†ู‚ู„ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฏูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ ุณุฎูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฑุนุดุฉุŒ ูˆุฅุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุชุนุจ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ู€ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…. ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ (ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณุชุจุนุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุทุฑ) ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุฎุงูุถ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ febrile reaction ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู‡ุชุญุตู„ู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃูุถู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฏู… ู…ููู„ุชุฑ ู…ู† ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ. ุงู„ูู„ุชุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุชุชุนู…ู„ ุจุนุฏ ุณุญุจ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ cytokines ููŠ ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ุฏู…. ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุฎุทุฑ ุญุฏูˆุซ ู†ู‚ู„ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู€ CMV (ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจูŠุนูŠุด ููŠ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก). ุจุฎุตูˆุต Careful cross-matching ูุฏู‡ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน acute hemolytic reactionุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุน ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ. ุฃุนุฑุงุถู‡ ุจุชุดู…ู„ ุฑุนุดุฉุŒ ุฃู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ุจุŒ ูˆุจูˆู„ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ุŒ ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ coomb positive ุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง. ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ูุงู„ู€ citrate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู…ุถุงุฏ ุชุฌู„ุท ููŠ ุฃูƒูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฏู… ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ (ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ). ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠุŒ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆู†ุงุช ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ. ูƒู…ุงู†ุŒ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ู…ู†ุน Hypothermia & arrythmia

This patient likely experienced a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction , a common reaction to blood transfusion. febrile reaction occurs due to cytokines released by white blood cells in stored blood products, leading to fever, chills, and malaise. - Key Features: Fever, chills, and malaise without signs of hemolysis (negative direct coomb test, normal plasma-free hemoglobin, and urinalysis). - Management: Discontinue transfusion, plus antipyritcs (paracetamol). - Prevention: Leukoreduction of blood products before transfusion.

Which of the following is the best procedure for preventing this type of transfusion reaction?
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50y old man had a massive hemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer. Upper GI endoscopy was done and bleeding stoped . The patient rec
50y old man had a massive hemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer. Upper GI endoscopy was done and bleeding stoped . The patient receives 2 L of intravenous fluids, followed by 2 units of packed red blood cells. Two hours after the transfusion is started, he develops chills and malaise. Temperature is 38.7 , blood pressure is 120/76, pulse is 100/min, and respirations are 20/min. The transfusion is stopped, and the patient is given acetaminophen. Direct Coomb and plasma-free hemoglobin level tests are negative. Urinalysis is within normal limits. The symptoms resolve within 6 hours of transfusion discontinuation.

IV Notes of this case ๐Ÿ’‰ ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠู†ุฒู = ุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู ู…ุชููƒุฑุด ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ โœ๐Ÿป ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู ุฏู‡ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ , ู„ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ูŠุฎุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ๐Ÿ‘‹๐Ÿป ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุฒู ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ุงู„ Hypovolemia ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ุงู„ anemia ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏุฉ ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชูˆูุฑู„ู‡ ุฏู… ๐Ÿ‘Œ๐Ÿผ ุฃูŠ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุณูˆุงุก ูุญุต ุงูˆ ุนู„ุงุฌ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู†ู‚ุฐ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ shocked ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุชุนุฌู„ ููŠู‡ , ุงุณุชุนุฌู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ู‚ุฐ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุตู„ุญู„ู‡ ุงู„ shock ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง , ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง hemorrhagic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุตู„ุญู‡ุง ุจู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุจ ุฏู… ููŠ ุงุณุฑุน ูˆู‚ุช .. ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงุฏุงู… ุจุทู†ู‡ ู…ููŠู‡ุงุด guarding ูˆุงู„ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ FAST free ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู„ูˆุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชุนุทู‡ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠุงุช , ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู„ูƒ ู‡ู„ ุชุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู† ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ุฒูŠ ุฏู‡ ู‡ุนุทู„ ุชุตู„ูŠุญ ุงู„ shock ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงุดูˆู ุงู„ urethra ู…ุชุนูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ , ู…ุด ู„ูˆุฌูŠูƒ ุตุญ ๐Ÿ˜„ ุฎุฏ ู†ูุณ ูˆุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ โœŠ๐Ÿป ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠุฉ ุบู„ุท ุŸ ู„ุณุฉ ู‚ุงูŠู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ โŒ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู„ูƒ ุบู„ุท ุŸ ู„ุณุฉ ู‚ุงูŠู„ูŠู† ุจุฑุฏูˆ โŒ ู„ูŠู‡ ูุชุญ ุงู„ุจุทู† ุบู„ุท ุŸ ุงู„ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุทู† free ูˆุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุทู† free ุฅู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุฏุงุฎู„ ุชุบุณู„ู‡ ุจุทู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุนูุฑูŠุช ๐Ÿ™„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ levophed - norepinephrine - ุบู„ุท ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏู„ ูˆู…ุด ุจู†ุถุฑุจ ุญุฏ ุจุฐู†ุจ ุญุฏ .. ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ shock ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู ูุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู†ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุณุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ hypovolemia ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู„ู‡ุง ู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ volume ูˆุฃุตู„ุง ุฃุตู„ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆู‚ุน ุจุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ volume ุญุตู„ vasoconstriction ูƒู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุฏูุงุนูŠ , ูู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฑูˆุญุช ุงุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† vasopressor ูˆุณูŠุจุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠ ุงู†ุง ูƒุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ๐Ÿ™ˆ ู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ู„ ุฏู… ูุตูŠู„ุฉ O ู…ุด ูุตูŠู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุŸ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจุทู„ุจ ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆุฏู‡ ุฃุณู„ู… ูˆุงูุถู„ ูˆุชูˆููŠุฑุงู‹ ุจุฑุฏูˆ ู„ู†ูˆุน ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ O -ve ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู…ุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฏูŠ ุนูŠุงู† O -ve ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุญุฑููŠุงู‹ ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† hemorrhagic shock ูˆู…ููŠุด ูˆู‚ุช ู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ูˆุจุญุซ ุนู† ูุตูŠู„ุชู‡ ูุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆูุฑ O -ve ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠุงู‹ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏูŠ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุชูˆูุฑู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุชุงุนู‡ ๐Ÿ™Œ๐Ÿป ๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”… ู…ุชู†ุณุงุด ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠู†ุฒู ูŠุนู†ูŠ 1- ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู ูˆู‚ูู‡ 2- ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ ูˆุฏู… 3- ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู†ุฒูŠู ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ FAST ูˆุฎู„ูŠูƒ ูุงูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ Hypovolemia ู…ุด ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุณุชู†ุงุด ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุงุจุฏุฃ ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ ๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

This trauma patient with profuse and prolonged bleeding from an open fracture now has severe hypotension and tachycardia. This is hemorrhagic shock and should prompt rapid type O blood transfusion. Management of the trauma patient with hemorrhagic shock requires : 1-Control of external bleeding (eg, compressive bandage, direct pressure) 2-Investigation (eg, Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma [FAST]) for sources of internal hemorrhage that may require emergency surgery 3-Rapid resuscitation with replacement of intravascular volume, transitioning from crystalloid to blood products as soon as possible Unstable patients (eg, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) cannot wait for cross-matching and should receive type O blood, which decreases the risk of hemolytic transfusion reaction. Eventual workup of this patient may include abdominal CT scan to assess for intraabdominal injury (eg, tenderness to palpation) and retrograde urethrogram to assess for urethral injury (eg, pelvic fracture, blood at urethral meatus). However, resuscitation should be performed first to stabilize the patient prior to diagnostic testing that requires transport of the patient away from the trauma bay. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is sometimes used to test for intraabdominal blood in patients with a high probability of intraabdominal hemorrhage (eg, abdominal distension, severe pain) and suggestive FAST results. This patient has mild abdominal tenderness and a negative FAST. Vasopressor therapy (eg, intravenous norepinephrine) is contraindicated in the setting of isolated hemorrhagic shock. Peripheral vascular tone is already increased to compensate for decreased blood volume; therefore, restoration of blood volume (eg, blood transfusion) is more appropriate.

Which of the following is the best immediate step in management of this patient?
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- 38-year-old man presented to ER after RTA. ๐Ÿš‘ - The patient was found to have an open fracture of the right femur with prof
- 38-year-old man presented to ER after RTA. ๐Ÿš‘ - The patient was found to have an open fracture of the right femur with profuse bleeding. ๐Ÿฉธ - A compressive bandage is applied, and the patient received rapid administration of 2 L of normal saline. ๐Ÿ’‰ - BP 80/52, pulse 130/min, and respirations are 22/min. The patient is alert and diaphoretic. ๐Ÿ˜ฐ - On examination, breath sounds are symmetric bilaterally, and heart sounds are normal. The abdomen is soft and mildly tender to palpation, without guarding. ๐Ÿฉบ - Blood is present at the urethral meatus, and the right thigh is swollen with no active bleeding. ๐Ÿฉน - CXR is normalุŒ FAST is negative for pericardial effusion and intraperitoneal free fluid. Pelvic x-ray reveals a displaced fracture of the right pubic ramus. โœ‹

ุบุงูŠุจูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุฑู…ุถุงู† .. ุญุจูŠุช ู…ู†ูƒู…ู„ุด ุฑู…ุถุงู† ุณุงูƒุชูŠู† ุฎุงู„ุต ูƒุฏุฉ .. ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทุงุน ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุญุงูุธ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฑุถ case ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑุถ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ูุชุฑุฉ .. ู‡ุฏูŠูƒ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฃูƒุดู† ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุณูŠุจู„ูƒู… ุญุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูƒุงู… ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุชู†ุงู‚ุด ูˆู†ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู†ูุณุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุบุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุบู„ุท ุบู„ุท ู„ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฎุชุงุฑู‡ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏุฑูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู‡ ููŠู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู†ูŠ ู‡ุนุฑุถุงูƒู… ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุฎุต ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ Workshop ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ .. ู‡ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุญูŠุซ ู†ุณุฎู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ .. ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุชุงุฑุฌุชูŠู† ู†ุจุฏุฃู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ , ูุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุงู† ๐Ÿค ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุญุถุฑุชูƒ ุงูŠู‡ ุŸ! ุงุฑุฌุน ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ cases ู‡ุชูู‡ู… ู‚ุตุฏูŠ ูˆู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง https://t.me/IV_NOTES/83