Grammar Notes
Kanalga Telegramβda oβtish
β Kanal rivojiga hissa qo'shish uchun quyidagi havola orqali o'tib, donat (ehson) qilish mumkin. Bu mutlaqo xavfsiz. βοΈ https://tirikchilik.uz/grammarnotes Donat uchun karta raqami: 8600332998853000 π Kanal asoschisi: @kh_atajanov
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| Sana | Obunachilarni jalb qilish | Esdaliklar | Kanallar | |
| 14 Sentabr | +3 | |||
| 13 Sentabr | +2 | |||
| 12 Sentabr | +6 | |||
| 11 Sentabr | +7 | |||
| 10 Sentabr | +3 | |||
| 09 Sentabr | +5 | |||
| 08 Sentabr | +6 | |||
| 07 Sentabr | +3 | |||
| 06 Sentabr | +1 | |||
| 05 Sentabr | +1 | |||
| 04 Sentabr | +1 | |||
| 03 Sentabr | +7 | |||
| 02 Sentabr | +1 | |||
| 01 Sentabr | +1 |
Kanal postlari
β‘οΈ Assalomu alaykum, hurmatli kanal a'zolari! Ko'pdan beri kanal bilan ishlay olmayapman.
Kanalni sotib olishga qiziquvchilar bo'lsa, kanalni ularga topshirishim mumkin.
Murojaat uchun @kh_atajanov ga yozing.
| 2 | πDars #132 every/each so'zlarining qo'llanishi
β³οΈ every - har degan ma'noni anglatadi va birlikdagi sanaladigan ot bilan qoΚ»llaniladi
πΈEvery sentence must have a verb. (Har gapda (hamma gaplarda) fe'l boΚ»lishi lozim.)
β³οΈ each - har bir degan ma'noni anglatadi va birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar oldidan yoki oΚ»zi yolg'iz qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈStudy each sentence carefully. (Har bir gapni diqqat bilan oΚ»rganing)
π‘ Bu ikkala olmosh odatda bir xil qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈEvery room/each room has a number. (Har xonaning/ har bir xonaning oΚ»z raqami bor)
β³οΈAmmo ular orasida biroz farq bor. Every umumiylik ma'nosiga, each alohidalik ma'nosiga ega.
βͺοΈevery person - hamma / har shaxs / hamma odam degan ma'noni beradi.
βͺοΈeach person - har bir odam degan ma'noni bildiradi.
πΈI go for a walk every day but each day seemed to pass very slowly. (Men har kuni sayrga chiqaman, lekin har bir kun juda sekin oΚ»tadigandek tuyulardi)
πΈEvery guest watched as the President came in. (Hamma mehmon Prezident kirishini kuzatishdi)
πΈEach guest shook hands with him. (Har bir mehmon u bilan qoΚ»l berib koΚ»rishdi)
β³οΈ every olmoshi uch va undan ortiq koΚ»p miqdordagi otlar uchun qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThere were cars parked along every street in town.
β³οΈ each olmoshi ikki yoki kam miqdordagi otlar uchun qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThere were cars parked along each side of the street.
β³οΈ each olmoshi yolg'iz holda yoki of soΚ»zi bilan qoΚ»llanilishi mumkin . every olmosh yolg'iz oΚ»zi yoki of soΚ»zi bilan qoΚ»llanilmaydi.
πΈThere are six flats. Each has its own entrance. (every has emas.)
πΈEach of the six flats has its own entrance. (every of the flats emas.)
β³οΈ each olmoshi gap oΚ»rtasida kela oladi.
πΈ We've each got our own desk.
πΈ They gave us each a desk.
β³οΈ every olmoshi birlikdagi, koΚ»plikdagi payt soΚ»zlari bilan kelib, biror ish-harakat qanchalik tez-tez sodir boΚ»lishini bildirib keladi.
πΈWe go for a walk every evening. (har kuni kechqurun)
πΈThe transportation system is very good. Buses run every ten minutes. (har oΚ»n minutda)
πΈ You should go to the dentist every six months. (har olti oyda)
β³οΈ every other day/week/month - har ikki kun/hafta/oydan bir degan ma'noni bildiradi.
πΈ We have an English lesson every other day. (Har ikki kundan bir ingliz tili darsimiz bor)
β³οΈ every soΚ»zidan kelib chiqqan olmoshlar quyidagilardir:
β
everybody/everyone - hamma (odamlar uchun)
β
everything - hamma narsa (predmetlar uchun)
β
everytime - har vaqt, har gal (payt uchun)
β
everywhere - har joyga, hamma yerda (joy uchun)
β³οΈ everyone/everybody olmoshlari birlikdagi fe'l, ammo koΚ»plikdagi olmosh bilan qoΚ»laniladi.
πΈEverybody was present at the meeting. They were waiting for the President.
β³οΈeverything olmoshi predmetlar, voqealar uchun birlikdagi fe'l bilan qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈ Everything is clean.
πΈThe holiday was terrible. Everything went wrong.
πΈMoney isn't everything.
β³οΈ everywhere olmoshi hamma joy/joyda/joyga ma'nolarida birlikdagi fe'li bilan qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈEverywhere is clean.
πΈ He is afraid of flying. He goes everywhere by train.
πΈ I searched everywhere for my glasses but didn't find them.
β³οΈ every time/each time - har vaqt, har gal degan ma'noni anglatadi.
πΈEvery time I see him, he is different .
β³οΈ each time/every time - har gal iborasini all the time - har doim iborasidan farqlash lozim.
πΈThey never go out. They are at home all the time. (Ular hech qachon tashqariga chiqmaydilar. Ular har doim uydalar)
πΈ Every time I go out, I go to the park. (Har gal tashqariga chiqqanimda, parkga boraman)
β³οΈ not/nearly/almost β yoΚ»q/deyarli soΚ»zlaridan keyin faqat every olmoshi qoΚ»llanishi lozim.
πΈ Nearly every shop is shut today.
πΈ Not every train-driver is on strike today.
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 1 241 |
| 3 | πDars #131 both/either/neither so'zlarining qo'llanishi
β³οΈ both/either/neither olmoshlari faqat ikkita shaxs yoki predmet uchun qoΚ»llaniladi .
β³οΈ Quyidagi misollarda bu olmoshlarning otlar bilan ishlatilishiga e'tibor bering.
πΈWe went to two restaurants. Both restaurants were excellent. (Biz ikkita restoranga bordik. Ikkala restoran ham a'lo edi....koΚ»plikdagi ot va fe'l)
πΈYou can go to either restaurant. (Ikkalasidan xohlagan biriga borishingiz mumkin...birlikdagi ot)
πΈNeither restaurant was expensive. (Ikkala restoran ham qimmat emas edi....birlikdagi ot va fe'l )
β³οΈ Bu olmoshlar savollarga javob sifatida qoΚ»llanishiga e'tibor bering.
πΈI see you have two books, which book can you give me? (Men koΚ»ryapmank,i sizda ikkita kitob bor. Men qaysisini oΚ»qishim kerak?)
βBoth. I have already read them. (Ikkalasini ham. Men ularni allaqachon oΚ»qiganman.)
βEither. (unisi yoki bunisini, lekin birini)
πΈIs he British or American? (U britaniyalikmi yoki amerikalikmi?)
βNeither. He is Italian. (Ikkalasi ham emas. U italiyalik.)
β³οΈBu olmoshlar both/either/ neither of +(my / the / these ) + noun qurilmasida ham qoΚ»llaniladi. Bunday vaziyatlarda ularning qoΚ»llanishi quyidagicha boΚ»ladi.
πΈBoth of these books are written by A. Christie.
πΈI didn't like either of the films.
πΈNeither of my brothers is/are married.
β οΈ Yuqoridagi ikkinchi misolda either soΚ»zi inkor gaplarda 'ikkalasi ham emas' degan ma'noni bildiradi. Inkor gaplarda both soΚ»zini qoΚ»llab boΚ»lmaydi.
π‘ Yuqoridagilardan xulosa qilamizki, both olmoshi har doim koΚ»plikdagi fe'l bilan darak gaplarda, either boΚ»lishsiz fe'l bilan inkor gaplarda, neither boΚ»lishli fe'l bilan lekin inkor ma'no ifodalab qatnashadi.
β³οΈ Bu olmoshlar bog'lovchi sifatida ham qoΚ»llanishi mumkin, unda ular quyidagicha juftlanadi.
1οΈβ£ both β¦ and - ham β¦ ham
πΈBoth European and oriental languages are taught at London University.
2οΈβ£either β¦ or - yo β¦ yo
πΈEither you apologize or I will never forgive you.
3οΈβ£ neither ... nor - na β¦ na
πΈNeither Tom nor Ann wants to leave school.
β οΈ either β¦ or va neither β¦ nor bog'lovchilari gap egalarini bog'lab kelganida fe'l ikkinchi, ya'ni fe'lga yaqin turgan ega bilan moslashadi.
πΈEither Tom or his friends are coming to the party .
πΈNeither the Wilsons nor I am happy about the new billing system.
β³οΈ either soΚ»zi ikki tomonli predmetlar uchun qoΚ»llanilganda har ikki tarafda/ikkala tarafda ham degan ma'noda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThere were a lot of trees on either side of the road. (YoΚ»lning ikkala tarafidan ham koΚ»p daraxtlar bor edi)
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 1 458 |
| 4 | πDars #130 no/none/nobody/nothing so'zlarining qo'llanishi
β³οΈ Bu olmoshlar ingliz tilida inkor ma'nodagi soΚ»zlar hisoblanib, ular gapda boΚ»lishli fe'l bilan keladi.
1οΈβ£ no - hech qancha, yoq degan ma'noda ot bilan qoΚ»llanishi lozim.
πΈThere is no tea in the cup. It's empty. (Chashkada choy yoΚ»q. U boΚ»sh)
πΈThere were no cups in the cupboard.
πΈThere is no pencil.
2οΈβ£ none - hech qancha degan ma'noni bildiradi. Oldindan aniq boΚ»lgan otga ishora qiladi va qayta takrorlanmasligi uchun qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈHow much money have you got ? None. (Sizda qancha pul bor? Hech qancha)
πΈAll the tickets were sold and none was left.
β³οΈ none olmoshi ot bilan toΚ»g'ridan-toΚ»gri bog'lanmaydi va none + of + [my / the /these]+noun qurilmasida qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈNone of my friends came to the party. (DoΚ»stlarimdan hech biri ziyofatga kelmadi)
πΈNone of this money is mine. (Bu pulning hech qanchasi meniki emas)
β οΈ Yuqoridagi qurilmada ot koΚ»plikda boΚ»lsa, birlikdagi yoki koΚ»plikdagi fe'l qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈNone of the guests was/were enjoying the party. (Mehmonlarnig hech biri ziyofatdan zavqlanmayotgan edi)
3οΈβ£ Endi no soΚ»zidan yasalgan olmoshlarni koΚ»rib chiqamiz:
β
nobody/no-one - hech kim
β
nothing - hech narsa
β
nowhere - hech qayerga
πΈ Nobody is perfect. (Hech kim mukammal emas)
πΈNothing was stolen, all the things were in their place. (Hech narsa oΚ»g'irlanmadi, hamma narsa oΚ»z joyida edi)
πΈWhere did you go for your holidays? Nowhere. I stayed at home. (Ta'tilga qayerga bording? Hech qayerga. Uyda qoldim)
β οΈ Yuqoridagi soΚ»zlar inkor ma'noga ega bo'lgani uchun ular gapda boΚ»lishli fe'l bilan qoΚ»llanishi lozim. Bu soΚ»zlar gapda fe'ldan keyin (toΚ»ldiruvchi, hol) boΚ»lib kelganida ularni not + any (body/one/thing /where ) soΚ»zlari bilan almashtirib boΚ»ladi. Masalan:
πΈ I saw nobody in the room. (boΚ»lishli fe'l+nobody) βοΈ I didn't see anybody. (boΚ»lishsiz fe'l + anybody)
πΈShe took nothing with her. (boΚ»lishli fe'l+nothing) βοΈ She didn't take anything. (boΚ»lishsiz fe'l+anything)
Ammo bu soΚ»zlar (nobody, nothing) gapda ega vazifasida kelganlarida bunday oΚ»rniga qoΚ»yish mumkin emas, bu holatda ma'no chiqmaydi.
πΈNobody came to visit him when he was in hospital. (anybody didn't emas)
πΈThe Dead sea is so salty that nothing can live in it. (anything can't emas)
β³οΈ nobody, no-one soΚ»zlari o'zidan keyin birlikdagi fe'l, ammo koΚ»plikdagi olmoshni talab qiladi.
πΈThere was nobody at the house, so I left them a message. (Uyda hech kim yoΚ»q edi. Shuning uchun men ularga xat qoldirdim)
πΈNobody in the class did their homework.
β³οΈ nothing soΚ»zi esa o'zidan keyin birlikdagi fe'l va olmoshni talab qiladi.
πΈNothing was stolen, was it?
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 1 590 |
| 5 | πDars #129 few (a few) va little (a little) so'zlarining qo'llanishi
1οΈβ£ few - oz, kam degan ma'noda sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi otlar oldidan salbiy (yetarli emas) degan ma'noda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈBeing a newcomer, the boy had few friends there. (Yangi kelgani uchun bolaning bu yerda doΚ»stlari kam edi)
πΈFew customers came into the shop. It was quiet. (DoΚ»konga kam xaridor kirardi. U sokin edi)
β³οΈ a few - bir qancha degan ma'noda sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi otlar oldidan ijobiy (yetarlicha) ma'noda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈHe enjoyed his life. He had a few friends and they met quite often. (U oΚ»zining hayotidan zavqlanardi. Uning yetarlicha doΚ»stlari bor edi va ular tez-tez uchrashishardi)
πΈA few customers have come into the shop. It has been fairly busy. (DoΚ»konga bir necha xaridorlar keldilar. U biroz qizg'in)
2οΈβ£ little - oz, kam degan ma'noda sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan salbiy (yetarli emas) ma'noda qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈHurry up! We have got little time. (Shoshiling! Bizning vaqtimiz oz)
πΈVicky has made little progress and so is not feeling pleased.
β³οΈ a little - biroz degan ma'noda sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ijobiy (yetarlicha) ma'noda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈWe had a little time and went for a drink. (Bizning yetarlicha vaqtimiz bor edi va biz ichimlik ichishga ketdik)
πΈShe is not hungry. She has just had a little soup.
β³οΈ a little/little soΚ»zlari gapda ravish boΚ»lib ham kelishlari mumkin.
πΈI was a little annoyed. (Men biroz achchiqlangan edim)
πΈShe knows little about it. (U bu haqda kam biladi)
β³οΈ very few/ very little va so few/so little - juda oz, juda kam iboralari ham salbiy (yetarli emas) ma'noda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈWe couldn't do all the work. We had very little time. (Biz hamma ishni qilolmadik. Bizning vaqtimiz juda kam edi)
πΈShe had very few customers, so she had to close the shop.(Uning xaridorlari juda kam edi, shuning uchun u do'konni yopishga majbur bo'ldi)
β³οΈ Agar a few, a little soΚ»zlari oldidan only soΚ»zi qatnashsa, ularning ma'nolarini yana salbiy qiladi.
βͺοΈonly a few = few
βͺοΈonly a little= little
πΈLondon only gets a little snow in winter. (Qishda Londonda kam qor yog'adi)
πΈOnly a few students were able to pass the exam. (=few students)
πΈShe didn't say much, only a few words. (=few words)
β³οΈ few/little soΚ»zlarini qoΚ»llashdan oldin otlarning sanaladigan va sanalmaydiganligi va gapda salbiy yoki ijobiy ma'noda kelayotganini aniqlash lozim.
β
few (only a few) - sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi otlar (salbiy)
β
little (only a little) - sanalmaydigan otlar (salbiy )
β
a few - sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi otlar (ijobiy)
β
a little - sanalmaydigan otlar (ijobiy)
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 1 926 |
| 6 | πDars #128 much/many/a lot of so'zlarining qo'llanishi
1οΈβ£ much - koΚ»p soΚ»zi sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan inkor va soΚ»roq gaplarda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈDo you get much rain here? (Bu yerda koΚ»p yomg'ir yog'adimi?)
πΈShe didn't get much money for her car. (U mashinasi uchun koΚ»p pul olmadi)
β³οΈ much soΚ»zi rasmiy va badiiy uslubda darak gaplarda ham qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈMuch was said but little was done.
πΈThere is much enthusiasm for the idea.
β³οΈ how much - qancha soΚ»roq olmoshi boΚ»lib, sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈHow much bread did you buy?
β³οΈ much soΚ»zi kuchaytirish va qiyoslash ma'nosini beruvchi too/as/so soΚ»zlaridan keyin kelib, darak gaplarda qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈI've got too/so much work to do. (Mening bajaradigan ishim juda koΚ»p)
πΈYour car costs as much as mine.
2οΈβ£ many - koΚ»p soΚ»zi sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi otlar oldidan inkor va soΚ»roq gaplarda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈDoes he have many friends here? (Bu yerda uning koΚ»p doΚ»stlari bormi?)
πΈWe don't get many storms here. (Bu yerda koΚ»p boΚ»ron boΚ»lmaydi)
β³οΈ many soΚ»zi rasmiy va badiiy uslubda darak gaplarda ham qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈMany students have financial problems.
β οΈ Odatda muddatlarni bildirishda many years / many weeks / many days etc birikmalari ishlatiladi.
πΈWeβve lived here for many years. (a lot of years emas)
β³οΈ how many - qancha soΚ»roq olmoshi sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi otlar oldidan kelib, miqdorni bildirib keladi.
πΈHow many eggs do we need? (Bizga qancha tuxum kerak?)
β³οΈ many soΚ»zi kuchaytirish va qiyoslash ma'nosini beruvchi too/so/as soΚ»zlaridan keyin kelib darak gaplarda qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈYou have made too many mistakes in your dictation. (Siz diktantingizda juda koΚ»p xato qilgansiz)
πΈBill has got as many cars as Cecilia.
3οΈβ£ a lot of/lots of - koΚ»p soΚ»zi sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi va sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan darak gaplarda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈWe get a lot of storms here. (Bu yerda biz juda ko'p bo'ronlarni boshimizdan o'tkazamiz)
πΈWe get a lot of rain here. (Bu yerda biz juda ko'p yomg'irni boshimizdan o'tkazamiz)
4οΈβ£ plenty - yetarli va undan ham ko'proq degan ma'noda sanalmaydigan va sanaladigan ko'plikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.
πΈThereβs no need to hurry. Weβve got plenty of time.
πΈPlenty of shops sell batteries.
5οΈβ£ much/many/a lot/plenty soΚ»zlari otsiz qoΚ»llanishlari mumkin. Bunday vaziyatda ular oldin ishlatilgan otga ishora qiladilar yoki otlashadi.
πΈI take photos, but not as I used to. At one time I took a lot. (=a lot of photos)
πΈThey asked me for some money but I myself haven't got much. (=much money)
πΈThey have caught some fish but not many. (=many fish)
πΈThereβs plenty to do in this town.
β οΈ Yuqoridagi soΚ»zlarni qoΚ»llashda asosiy e'tibor beriladigan jihati bu gapning turi va otning sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan ekanligini aniqlab olishdir.
β οΈ Grammar in Use darsligida many va a lot of barcha turdagi gaplarda ishlatila olishi ko'rsatilgan. Lekin DTM testlarida odatda many/much inkor va so'roq gaplarda, a lot of/lots of darak gaplarda degan qoida bo'yicha test tuziladi.
β³οΈ a lot - koΚ»p, tez-tez ma'nosida darak gaplarda, much esa inkor va soΚ»roq gaplarda ravish boΚ»lib kelishi mumkin.
πΈShe had to study a lot to catch up with the rest. (...koΚ»p oΚ»qishiga toΚ»g'ri keldi)
πΈThey don't go out much. (Ular tez-tez koΚ»chaga chiqmaydilar)
πΈWe didn't enjoy the film much.
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 1 738 |
| 7 | πDars #127 Some va any so'zlarining qo'llanishi II qism
β³οΈ Mazkur darsda some va any soΚ»zlaridan yasalgan olmoshlarning qoΚ»llanishini ko'rib chiqamiz. Ularning qo'llanishi ham oldingi darsdagi qoidalarga amal qiladi.
βͺοΈsome so'zidan yasalgan olmoshlar:
β
somebody - kimdir, birov
β
someone - kimdir, birov
β
something - nimadir
β
somewhere - qayerdadir, qayergadir
βͺοΈany so'zidan yasalgan olmoshlar
β
anybody - kimdir, birov (so'roq gapda), hech kim (inkor gapda)
β
anyone - kimdir, birov (so'roq gapda), hech kim (inkor gapda)
β
anything - nimadir (so'roq gapda), hech narsa (inkor gapda)
β
anywhere - qayergadir, qayerdadir (so'roq gapda), hech qayerda, hech qayerga (inkor gapda)
β³οΈ somebody/someone va anybody/anyone olmoshlari insonlar uchun qoΚ»llaniladi. Darak va soΚ»roq gaplarda birov, kimdir, inkor gaplarda hech kim degan ma'nolarda keladi.
πΈI think there is someone at the door. (Menimcha, eshikda birov bor)
πΈHave you seen anyone who can lift that stone? (Mana shu toshni koΚ»tara oladigan biror odamni koΚ»rganmisan?)
πΈI didn't meet anyone from our school at the party. (Men ziyofatda maktabimizdan hech kimni uchratmadim)
β οΈ Anyone/anybody olmoshlari xohlagan odam ma'nosida darak gaplarda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThe test was very easy. Anyone could have passed. (Test juda oson edi. Xohlagan odam undan oΚ»ta olardi)
β οΈYuqoridagi gumon olmoshlari birlikdagi fe'l va koΚ»plikdagi III shaxs olmoshi bilan qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈSomeone has left their bag. (Birov oΚ»zining sumkasini qoldirib ketibdi)
πΈIf anyone wants to leave, they can.
β οΈKelajakdagi noaniq vaqtni bildiradigan sometime soΚ»zidan sometimes ba'zan soΚ»zini farqlash lozim.
πΈI hope to meet you sometime in June. (Men iyunda siz bilan uchrashishni umid qilaman)
πΈHe sometimes goes to the library. (U ba'zan kutubxonaga boradi)
β³οΈ somehow soΚ»zi bir amallab degan ma'noni bildiradi.
πΈWe somehow got over the difficulties all by ourselves. (Biz bir amallab qiyinchiliklarni yengib oΚ»tdik)
β³οΈsomeone olmoshi muhim/obroΚ»li shaxs degan ma'noda ham qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈHe is someone in his country. (U oΚ»z yurtida katta odam)
β οΈ any va some soΚ»zlaridan keyin of soΚ»zi kelib ma'lum bir miqdorni bildirish uchun qoΚ»llanilishi mumkin. Ammo somebody/anybody/anything/something soΚ»zlari of soΚ»zi bilan kelmaydi va miqdorni bildirmaydi. Ularning oΚ»zi tugal ma'noli soΚ»z hisoblanadi.
πΈSome of you must look after the children. (Sizlardan birortangiz bolalarga qarab turishingiz kerak...somebody of you emas.)
πΈDoes any of you speak Spanish? (Sizlardan birortangiz ispancha bilasizmi?...anybody of you emas.)
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 774 |
| 8 | πDars #126 Some va any so'zlarining qo'llanishi I qism
β³οΈ some - biroz ma'nosida sanalmaydigan (Uncountable) , bir qancha ma'nosida sanaladigan koΚ»plikdagi otlar oldidan darak gaplarda keladi.
πΈThere is some milk in the fridge.
πΈI met some interesting people at the party last night.
β³οΈ any - hech qancha ma'nosida inkor gaplarda, biroz, birqancha ma'nosida esa soΚ»roq gaplarda sanaladigan ko'plikdagi va sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈI haven't got any stamps.
πΈHave you got any money on you?
πΈWe haven't any milk at home, you should buy some.
β³οΈMazkur so'zlarga taalluqli qo'shimcha qoidalar:
1οΈβ£ If qatnashgan shartli gaplarda any va undan yasalgan soΚ»zlar (anything/anybody...) ishtirok etadi.
πΈIf you have any problems, you can discuss them with your group leaders. (Agar sizning biror muammoingiz boΚ»lsa, uni guruh rahbarlaringiz bilan muhokama qilishingiz mumkin)
πΈIf you see anyone, tell them that Tom has arrived.
2οΈβ£ Iltimos va taklif ma'nosidagi soΚ»roq gaplarda esa some qoΚ»llaniladi. Bu vaziyatda soΚ»roq gapdagi taklif va iltimos ohangini oddiy soΚ»roq gapdagi soΚ»rash ohangidan farqlay bilish lozim.
πΈHave you got any money? (Puling bormi?...oddiy soΚ»roq gap)
πΈCan you lend me some money? (Menga biroz pul qarzga berolmaysanmi?...iltimos)
πΈCould you post some letters for me? (Men uchun bir necha xatlarni joΚ»nata olasizmi?... iltimos)
πΈWould you like some coffee? (Kofe ichasizmi?...taklif)
πΈCan you give me some information about the hotels in Khiva?
3οΈβ£ Savol berayotganda ijobiy (yes) javobi kutilganda ham soΚ»roq gaplarda some va undan yasalgan so'zlar (something/somebody...) soΚ»zlari qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈTom is on his hands and knees and looking for something under the table. You ask him: Why are you under the table? Have you lost something? (Nimaga stol tagidasan? Biror narsa yoΚ»qotib qoΚ»ydingmi?...Uning javobi ha boΚ»lishini kutib, shu savolni beramiz.)
4οΈβ£ any xohlagan, xohlagan bir degan ma'noda birlikdagi otlar bilan darak gaplarda qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈI am free all day. Come any time you like. (Men kuni bilan boΚ»shman. Xohlagan paytingiz kelavering)
πΈYou can buy these maps at any petrol station. They all have them. (Siz bu xaritalarni xohlagan AYOQSHdan sotib olishingiz mumkin. Ularning hammasida bor)
5οΈβ£ some soΚ»zi ba'zi degan ma'noda hamma turdagi gaplarda, shu jumladan, inkor gaplarda ham qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈSome people don't like flying. (Ba'zi odamlar samolyotda uchishni yoqtirishmaydi)
6οΈβ£ some + son birikmasida taxminan degan ma'noda ham qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThere were some fifty people at the party. (Ziyofatda taxminan 50 tacha odam bor edi)
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 709 |
| 9 | πDars #125 Reflexive pronouns (o'zlik olmoshlari) II qism
β³οΈ by + oΚ»zlik olmoshi - yolg' iz, hech kimning yordamisiz ma'nosida qoΚ»llaniladigan birikma hisoblanadi. Bu birikma ish-harakat gap egasining yolg'iz oΚ»zi tomonidan bajarilishini bildiradi.
πΈHe was sitting by himself. (U yolg'iz oΚ»zi oΚ»tirardi)
πΈDid you go to the cinema by yourself? (Kinoga yolg'iz oΚ»zing bordingmi?)
πΈShe lives by herself. (U yolg'iz oΚ»zi yashaydi...alone)
πΈJimmy tied his shoelaces all by himself. (Jimmi tuflisining bog'ichini oΚ»zi bog'ladi...without help)
β³οΈ OΚ»zlik olmoshlarini birgalik olmoshlaridan (reciprocal pronouns) - each other, one another lardan farq qila olish lozim. Masalan:
πΈTom and Ann stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves. (Tom va Anna oyna oldida turishdi va oΚ»zlariga qarashdi)
πΈTom and Ann looked at each other. (Tom va Anna bir-birlariga qarashdi)
β³οΈ each other - bir-birini/bir-biriga... ( ikkita shaxs yoki predmet uchun), one another - bir-birini/bir-biriga... ( ikkidan ortiq shaxs yoki predmet uchun)
πΈTom and Ann love each other.
πΈThese three boys help one another.
β³οΈ OΚ»zlik olmoshlari gapda ta'kidlash, ma'no kuchaytirish uchun ham qoΚ»llanishi mumkin. Bunday holatlarda oΚ»zlik olmoshlari ot yoki olmoshdan keyin yoki gap oxirida keladi.
πΈYou yourself saw what happened. (Siz oΚ»zingiz nima boΚ»lganini koΚ»rdingiz)
πΈYou saw what happened yourself. (Siz nima boΚ»lganini oΚ»zingiz koΚ»rdingiz)
πΈThe film itself wasn't very good but the music was great. (Kinoning oΚ»zi yaxshi emas edi, ammo musiqasi zoΚ»r edi)
β³οΈOΚ»zlik olmoshlari koβmakchilardan (predlogdan) keyin ham qoΚ»llanilishi mumkin.
πΈLook after yourself.
πΈTake care of yourself. (Ehtiyot boΚ»ling)
πΈI am angry with myself.
β οΈOΚ»zlik olmoshlari har doim oΚ»zi ishora qilayotgan otga /olmoshga mos boΚ»lishi lozim. Oldingi darsdagi diligence, kindness, goodness... so'zlari bilan ishlatilishi holatlari bundan istisno
πΈWe enjoyed ourselves very much at the party. (we - ourselves)
πΈSarah lives by herself. (she - herself)
β οΈQuyidagi gapga e'tibor bering, bunday hollarda oΚ»zlik olmoshi qoΚ»llanilmaydi.
πΈHave you got any money on you? (Sizda biroz pul bormi?)
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 436 |
| 10 | πDars #124 Reflexive pronouns (o'zlik olmoshlari) I qism
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida ish-harakat bajaruvchisi va toΚ»ldiruvchisi bir shaxs yoki predmet boΚ»lmaydi, ya'ni ish-harakat boshqa birovga oΚ»tadi.
πΈTom is talking to Ann. (Tom Anna bilan gaplashyapti)
πΈTom is talking to her. (Tom u bilan gaplashyapti)
β³οΈ OΚ»zlik olmoshlari esa ish-harakat bajaruvchisi va ish-harakat qaratilgan shaxsni bitta shaxs sifatida bera oladi, ya'ni ish-harakat hech kimga oΚ»tmaydi va shaxsning oΚ»ziga qaytadi.
πΈTom is talking to himself. (Tom oΚ»zi bilan gaplashyapti)
πΈI am angry with myself. (Mening oΚ»zimdan jahlim chiqyapti)
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida o'zlik olmoshlari quyidagilardir:
β
myself - o'zimni, o'zimga, o'zimdan...
β
yourself - o'zingizni, o'zingizga, o'zingizdan...
β
yourselves - o'zlaringizni, o'zlaringizga, o'zlaringizdan...
β
ourselves - o'zimizni, o'zimizga, o'zimizdan...
β
himself - o'zini, o'ziga, o'zidan...
β
herself - o'zini, o'ziga, o'zidan...
β
itself -o'zini, o'ziga, o'zidan...
β
themselves - o'zlarini, o'zlariga, o'zlaridan...
β³οΈ Bundan tashqari umumiy shaxsga nisbatan qoΚ»llaniladigan oneself/oneselves olmoshlari mavjud.
πΈSome things one must do oneself. (Ba'zi ishlarni insonning o'zi bajarishi kerak)
β³οΈIngliz tilida oΚ»zlik olmoshi bilan qoΚ»llanishi shart boΚ»lgan fe'llar juda kam.
β
absent oneself - yoΚ»q boΚ»lmoq
β
pride oneself on - faxrlanmoq
β
pull oneself together - oΚ»ziga kelmoq
β
avail oneself - foydalanmoq
β
familiarise oneself - tanishib olmoq, o'rganmoq
πΈMonica absented herself from work.
πΈJim prides himself on his cooking.
β³οΈ OΚ»zlik olmoshlari quyidagi fe'llar bilan qoΚ»llanishi koΚ»p kuzatiladi:
β
amuse - hursand qilmoq, dam olmoq
β
enjoy - zavqlanmoq
β
blame - ayblamoq
β
cut - kesmoq
β
dry - artinmoq
β
hurt - jarohatlamoq
β
introduce - tanishtirmoq
πΈI have cut myself with a knife. (Men qo'limni kesib oldim)
πΈWe enjoyed ourselves very much at the party.
πΈI dried myself. (Men artindim)
π‘ help yourself /yourselves iborasi oΚ»zbek tiliga 'oling, tortinmang' degan ma'nolarda taomga undash, taklif qilish uchun qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈIf you want more to eat, help yourselves. (Yana yeyishni xohlasangiz, tortinmay olaveringlar)
β οΈbring sth with/take sth with iboralari oΚ»zbek tiliga oΚ»zi bilan olib kelmoq/olib ketmoq ma'nosini bersada, ingliz tilida oΚ»zlik olmoshi bilan emas, toΚ»ldiruvchi olmoshlar bilan qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈI didn't take an umbrella with me.
πΈBring the dictionary with you.
β³οΈ Quyidagi fe'llarda ish-harakat bajaruvchisi va ish-harakat qaratilgan shaxs bir shaxs boΚ»lsa ham oΚ»zlik olmoshi ishlatilmaydi.
β
shave - soqol olmoq
β
dress - kiyinmoq
β
wash - yuvinmoq
β
relax - hordiq chiqarmoq
β
feel - his qilmoq
β
concentrate - fikrini jamlamoq
β
meet - uchrashmoq
πΈI washed, shaved and dressed. (Men yuvindim, soqolimni oldim va kiyindim)
πΈDon't strain youself. Just relax. (OΚ»zingizni urintirmang. OΚ»zingizni boΚ»sh tuting)
πΈPlease be quiet. I am trying to concentrate. (Iltimos jim boΚ»ling. Men fikrimni jamlashga harakat qilayapman)
β οΈ feel feβli baβzan oΚ»zlik olmoshi bilan ishlatilishi mumkin
πΈI felt myself blush.
β³οΈ Adabiy ingliz tilida goodness/kindness/diligence/courtesy etc soΚ»zlari itself oΚ»zlik olmoshi bilan insonlarga nisbatan ham qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈHe is diligence itself. ( U juda mehnatkash)
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 475 |
| 11 | πDars #123 Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns
β³οΈIngliz tilida -ning qoΚ»shimchali olmoshlar (my, your ...) egalik sifatlari va -niki qoΚ»shimchali olmoshlar (mine, yours ...) egalik olmoshlari sifatida qabul qilingan. Bunga sabab -ning qo'shimchali olmoshlar (my car) otning oldidan uning kimga tegishliligini bildirib keladi, to'liq otning o'rnini almashtira olmaydi. -niki qo'shimchali olmoshlar esa to'liq otning o'rnini almashtirib kela oladi.
β³οΈ-ning qoΚ»shimchali olmoshlar aniqlovchi vazifasida kelib, oΚ»zlaridan keyin ot talab qiladi.
β
my - mening
β
your - sizning, sizlarning
β
our - bizning
β
their - ularning
β
his - uning
β
her - uning
β
its - uning
πΈyour bicycle - sizning velosipedingiz
πΈmy car - mening avtomobilim
πΈtheir decision - ularning qarori
πΈher haircut - uning soch turmagi
πΈMy car is much more expensive than Tom's.
πΈJane has just had her hair cut.
πΈTheir decision to move was made immediately after the floods.
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida inson tana aβzolari va kiyimlar uchun odatda possessive adjective ishlatiladi.
πΈLucy twisted her ankle.
πΈHe put on his jacket and his hat and left.
β οΈLekin ingliz tilida hit, punch, slap, bite, touch, pat, sting kabi feβllar bilan tana aβzolariga biror narsa sodir boβlsa (odatda ogβriqli), koβmakchili birikmalarda aniq artikl ishlatiladi.
πΈShe patted him on the shoulder.
πΈHe has got a pain in the chest.
β³οΈ-niki qoΚ»shimchali olmoshlar oΚ»zlaridan keyin ot talab qilmaydi va ma'lum boΚ»lgan otni qayta takrorlamaslik uchun qoΚ»llaniladi.
β
mine - meniki
β
yours - sizniki
β
ours - bizniki
β
theirs - ularniki
β
his - uniki
β
hers - uniki
πΈThis is your towel. Mine is over there. (Bu sizning sochig'ingiz. Meniki ana u yerda)
πΈTheir flat and our flat may seem to be the same but theirs is different from ours. (Ularning kvartirasi bizning kvartira bilan bir xil ko'rinishi mumkin, lekin ularniki biznikidan farq qiladi)
β οΈ Egalik sifatlari artikl bilan qoΚ»llanilmaydi:
πΈHer eldest son is a doctor.
β³οΈown - oΚ»z soΚ»zi egalik sifatlari bilan qoΚ»llanilib, uni qoΚ»llashning ikki yoΚ»li bor.
1οΈβ£ I have my own room. (Mening oΚ»z xonam bor)
2οΈβ£ I have a room of my own. (Mening oΚ»z xonam bor)
πΈFrank has started his own business. (Frenk oΚ»zining biznesini boshladi)
β³οΈOn my own/on his own/on her own etc. - yolg'iz, bir o'zi degan ma'noda qoΚ»llaniladigan birikma hisoblanadi. Bu birikma ish-harakat bajaruvchisi yoki bajaruvchilari tomonidan yolg'iz (bir oΚ»z(lar)i tomonidan) bajarilishini bildiradi.
πΈI went to the cinema on my own yesterday. (Men kecha kinoga bir o'zim bordim)
πΈI enjoy being on my own. (Men yolg'iz boΚ»lishdan zavqlanaman)
πΈA lady was sitting in the corner on her own. (Bir ayol burchakda yoβlgβiz oΚ»tirgan edi)
β οΈ Egalik olmoshlari ingliz tilida yana boshqa holatlarda ham qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈMasalan: He is your friend gapini of qatnashgan birikma bilan
πΈHe is a friend of yours sifatida berish mumkin.
β οΈDemak, bu qurilmada of soΚ»zidan keyin egalik olmoshlari qatnashishi lozim.
πΈYesterday I met a relative of yours/hers/ours/theirs.
β οΈAgar yuqoridagi holatda egalik olmoshi emas, boshqa otlar (odatda atoqli ot) keladigan boΚ»lsa, ular bilan apostrof qoΚ»llanishi lozim.
πΈHe is a friend of Tom's.
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 102 |
| 12 | πDars #122 Personal pronouns as objects
β³οΈ Grammatikaga oid darsliklarda kishilik olmoshlari to'ldiruvchi sifatida ishlatilsa-da, ular personal pronoun hisoblanishi keltirilgan. Shuning uchun mavzu nomi ham aynan shunday nomlandi.
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida quyidagi to'ldiruvchi sifatida qo'llaniladigan kishilik olmoshlari mavjud:
β
me - meni, menga, mendan ...
β
you - sizni, sizga, sizdan ...
β
us - bizni, bizga, bizdan ...
β
them - ularni, ularga, ulardan ...
β
him - uni, unga, undan ...(erkak)
β
her - uni, unga, undan ....(ayol)
β
it - uni, unga, undan ...(predmet)
β³οΈ Bu olmoshlar fe'ldan keyin uning toΚ»ldiruvchisi boΚ»lib keladi va olmoshlar gapda fe'lda ifodalangan ish-harakat yoΚ»naltirilgan predmetni bildiradi:
πΈHenry is very selfish . We don't like him. (Henri juda xudbin. Biz uni (him) yoqtirmaymiz.)
πΈThey were discussing the problem with us. (biz bilan)
πΈWhere is Helen? Have you seen her? (uni)
β³οΈBu olmoshlar koΚ»makchi (with/about/from/to/beside/between/for) lardan keyin keladi, bu koΚ»makchilar fe'ldan keyin yoki boshqa soΚ»z turkumlari (sifat, ot) keyin ham kelgan boΚ»lishi mumkin.
πΈJust between you and me. I don't like his car.
πΈTom was angry with me.
β οΈ Olmoshlar boΚ»yicha test qilinganida ularning gapda boshqa soΚ»z turkumlarini oΚ»rnini bosa olishi xususiyati soΚ»raladi . Masalan:
βͺοΈChoose the correct answer.
πΈThe colonel greeted the soldiers. (Polkovnik askarlar bilan salomlashdi)
A) He/itβ
B) He/themβ
C) She/themβ
D) It/themβ
π‘ The colonel - polkovnik, he olmoshiga toΚ»g'ri keladi, the soldiers - askarlar, toΚ»ldiruvchi, them olmoshiga toΚ»g'ri keladi.
βͺοΈChoose the correct answer.
πΈTom and I are close friends. Tom lives near the station.
A) We/he/itβ
B) We/it/itβ
C) He/I/he/itβ
D) We/he/themβ
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 173 |
| 13 | πDars #121 Introduction to Pronouns - Personal pronouns
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida ham oΚ»zbek tilidagi kabi olmosh soΚ»z turkumi mavjud boΚ»lib, ular boshqa soΚ»z turkumlari oΚ»rnida ularni almashtirib keladigan soΚ»zlardir. Shuning uchun ham bu so'z turkumi nomi 'almash' so'zidan kelib chiqqan.
β³οΈ Olmoshlarning asosiy turlari darslarda o'rganamiz. Bugun Personal pronouns (Kishilik olmoshlari) haqidagi ma'lumotlarni o'rganamiz. Ingliz tilida hozirgi kunda quyidagi kishilik olmoshlari mavjud.
β
I - men
β
You - siz, sizlar
β
We - biz
β
They - ular
β
He - u (erkaklar uchun)
β
She - u (ayollar uchun)
β
It - u (jonsiz predmet yoki hayvonlar uchun)
β³οΈ Bu olmoshlar gapda ega boΚ»lib qatnashadi va ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi hisoblanadi. Gap boshida hamma olmoshlar katta harf bilan yoziladi. Gap oΚ»rtasida esa I olmoshidan tashqari hamma olmoshlar kichik harf bilan yoziladi.
πΈ They are going on holiday next week, but we are staying at home.
πΈShe was worried about Tom. He might have got lost.
πΈThe dog is barking. It is very aggressive.
β οΈ she olmoshi davlat va kemalar (mashina) uchun qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈNow Britain needs new leadership if she is to play a significant role shaping Europe's future development.
πΈThe ship's struck a rock. She is sinking!
β οΈ Ba'zan insonlar orasida uy hayvonlariga nisbatan he/she olmoshini ishlatilishi ham kuzatiladi. Mazkur holat majoziy obrazlar ishlatilgan ertak va hikoyalarda barcha hayvonlarga ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
πΈLook at the cat! She is drinking the milk.
πΈOnce upon a time, there was a rabbit called Joe. He lived in a forest.
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 053 |
| 14 | Hurmatli kanal a'zolari! Ingliz tili grammatikasi bo'yicha advanced darajaga chiqmoqchi bo'lganlar uchun maxsus tayyor kurs mavjud.
β
Kurs Destination C1&C2 bo'yicha tuzilgan;
β
Kitobdagi 26 ta unit bo'yicha 13 Grammar+13 Lexical Resource darslari mavjud;
β
Har bir darsdan keyin advanced level testlar berilgan va ularning tahlillari ham keltirilgan. ( kitobdagi mashqlarni ishlovchilar uchun unit mashqlari yechimlari tahlil qilingan va tushuntirib berilgan)
β
Demo dars: https://t.me/grammarnotesshop/376
π Kurs formati: maxsus Telegram kanalida olib boriladi (Slayd+Audio)
π³ Kurs to'lovi: bir martalik 150 ming so'm.
π Murojaat uchun: @kh_atajanov | 1 908 |
| 15 | πDars #120 Ingliz tilida qo'shma otlar (compound nouns) II
1οΈβ£ Ba'zi qo'shma otlar fe'l+ko'makchi yoki fe'l+ravish qurilmasiga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Qiyoslang:
πΈMansen broke out of the prison by dressing as a woman. (fe'l ibora - qochdi)
πΈThere was a major break-out from the prison last night. (fe'l+ko'makchidan iborat qo'shma ot - qochish)
β οΈ Yuqoridagi shakl bilan yasalgan qo'shma otlarda ko'plik shakl ko'makchilarga -s qo'shimchasini qo'shish bilan yasaladi.
πΈ read-out(s)
πΈpush-up(s)
πΈintake(s)
πΈoutcome(s)
β οΈIstisnolar: looker(s)-on yoki onlooker(s), runner(s)-up, passer(s)-by, hanger(s)-on
β οΈBundan tashqari otlar oldidan chiziqcha bilan ishlatilgan otlar ishlatilib, ularning belgisini bildirib kelishi mumkin.
πΈa state-of-art (very modern) tablet PC
πΈup-to-date information
2οΈβ£ Ko'pchilik noun+noun shaklidagi qo'shma otlarda urg'u birinchi otga tushadi.
πΈa 'bycicle factory
πΈa 'fruit drink
πΈ'ski boots
πΈ'coffee beans
β οΈIstisnolar: a garden 'chair, a fruit 'pie
β οΈ Ba'zan bir xil shakldagi birikmalarda urg'uning qaysi so'zga tushishi uning ma'nosini o'zgartiradi.
πΈa 'French teacher - noun+noun, fransuz tili o'qituvchisi
πΈa French 'teacher - adjective+noun, fransiyalik o'qituvchi
3οΈβ£ Ko'pchilik noun+noun birikmalari otning nimadan yasalganligini ham bildirib keladi.
πΈa silk dress
πΈa stone bridge
πΈa iron rod
πΈa gold ring
β οΈ Ingliz tilida bir-biriga o'xshash so'zlar, masalan gold (ot) va golden (sifat) so'zlari otlar oldidan kelganda turli ma'no beradi. Bunday birikmalarda ot (gold) narsa-buyum nimadan yasalganligini bildirsa, sifat (golden) ko'pincha metafora sifatida ishlatiladi. Qiyoslang:
πΈ a gold watch (tilla soat) - golden memories (yorqin xotiralar)
πΈsilk stockings (ipak paypoqlar) - silken skin (mayin teri)
πΈa lead pipe (qo'rg'oshin quvur) - leaden sky (kulrang, yoqimsiz osmon)
πΈa stone roof (toshdan qilingan tom) - stony silence (toshdek sokinlik)
β οΈIstisnolar: woollen/wooden so'zlari jun/yog'ochdan yasalganlikni bildirib keladi.
4οΈβ£ noun+noun birikmalari ingliz tilida o'lchov, miqdorni bildirishda ham qo'llaniladi. Bunday holatda ularning orasida (birinchi ot odatda son bo'ladi) chiziqcha (hyphen) (-) qo'yiladi va birinchi ot birlikda yoziladi.
πΈa five-litre can - besh litrlik idish
πΈa ten-pound note - o'n funtlik banknota
πΈa three-mile walk - uch milyalik yo'l
πΈa five-day course - besh kunlik kurs
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 094 |
| 16 | πDars #119 Ingliz tilida qo'shma otlar (compound nouns) I
1οΈβ£ Ingliz tilida qo'shma otlar 'noun+noun' birikmasidan tashkil topadi. Mazkur holatda birinchi ot ikkinchi otning belgisini bildirishga xizmat qiladi, ya'ni sifatga o'xshab ishlatiladi. Qo'shma otdagi ikkinchi ot umumiyroq ma'noda ishlatiladi, birinchi ot esa uning qaysi tasnifga kirishini ko'rsatadi.
πΈ milk chocolate - (sutli shokolad, shokolad turi)
πΈ chocolate milk - (shokoladli sut, sut turi)
πΈ a horse race - (ot poygasi - poyga turi)
πΈ a race horse - (poyga oti - ot turi)
2οΈβ£ Bunday holatlarda birinchi ot odatda birlikda qo'llaniladi.
πΈan address book (a book for addresses, not an addresses book)
πΈa shoe shop (poyabzal do'koni)
πΈa glass case (shisha idish)
πΈan art festival (tasviriy san'at festival=painting, drawing, sculpture)
β οΈ Yuqoridagi qoidaga istisno holatlari ham mavjud:
πΈa savings account (omonat hisobvarag'i)
πΈa customs officer (bojxona xodimi)
πΈa clothes shop (kiyim-kechaklar do'koni)
πΈthe arms trade (arms=qurollar degan ma'noda)
πΈa glasses case (glasses - ko'zoynak degan ma'noda)
πΈan arts festival (san'at festivali=music, drama, film, dance, painting etc.)
πΈthe building materials industry (qurilish materiallari sanoati)
πΈthe publications department (nashrlar bo'limi)
3οΈβ£ Qo'shma otlarning ko'plik shakli ikkinchi otni ko'plik shakliga aylantirish orqali yasaladi.
πΈcoal mine - coal mines
πΈoffice worker - office workers
πΈtea leaf - tea leaves
4οΈβ£ Ba'zan 'noun+noun' qurilmasidagi qo'shma otlarni yasashda mujmallik va g'alizliklar kelib chiqishi mumkin. Ushbu holatlarda 'noun+'s+noun' yoki 'noun+of+noun' qurilmalari ishlatiladi.
β agar birinchi otdagi shaxs yoki hayvon ikkinchi otning foydalanuvchisi bo'lsa:
πΈa baby's bedroom
πΈa lion's den
πΈa women's clinic
πΈa girls' school
πΈa birds' nest
β agar ikkinchi ot birinchi ot tomonidan ishlab chiqariladigan bo'lsa:
πΈ goat's cheese
πΈduck's eggs
πΈcow's milk
β οΈ Istisnolar: lamb chops, chicken drumsticks
β agar ikkinchi ot birinchi otning qismini birdirsa (shaxs yoki hayvonlarda)
πΈ a woman's face
πΈ a boy's arm
β οΈIstisnolar: a pen top, a computer keyboard
5οΈβ£ noun+preposition+noun' qurilmalari afzal ko'riladiga holatlar:
βagar ichidagi narsa bilan uning idishi nazarda tutilgan bo'lsa;
πΈ a cup of tea - bir finjon choy ( lekin a tea cup-choy finjoni)
πΈa box of matches - bir quti gugurt ( lekin a matchbox- gugurt qutisi)
βagar hamma ma'lum bo'lgan umumiy tur nazarda tutilmagan bo'lsa;
πΈincome tax - daromad solig'i (umumiy soliq turi) lekin
πΈa tax on children's clothes (maxsus soliq turi)
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 281 |
| 17 | πDars #118 Artikl qo'llashning aralash holatlari (III qism)
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida artikl ishlatishining aralash holatlarini o'rganishda davom etamiz.
1οΈβ£ Shaxs nomlari oldidan artikl qoΚ»llanilmasligini avvalgi darslardan bilamiz:
πΈ I'm βοΈBond, βοΈJames Bond.
β οΈ Ammo nazarda tutilayotgan shaxs bizga va tinglovchiga notanish ekanligini bildirmoqchi boΚ»lsak, shaxs nomlari oldidan noaniq artikl qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈ A Mr Brown is at the door. (Mr Brown ismli shaxs)
β οΈShuningdek, shaxs nomlari mualliflikni bildirib, shu sanβatkorga yoki yozuvchiga oid asarni bildirish uchun qoΚ»llanilganda birlikda noaniq artikl qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈ I'm fond of painting, especially landscapes. A Levitan picture is hanging in my living-room.(Levitan qalamiga mansub)
β οΈ Agar bir nechta bir xil ismli shaxs mavjud boΚ»lib, ular orasidan bittasini ajratib koΚ»rsatmoqchi boΚ»lsak, shaxs nomlari oldidan aniq artikl qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈ The Mr. Brown who lives next door is very friendly.
2οΈβ£ Hafta kunlari va oy nomlari oldidan hech qanday artikl qoΚ»llanilmaydi.
πΈ I'll see you on βοΈSaturday.
β οΈ Ammo haftaning aniq kunini aytmoqchi boΚ»lsak, ular oldidan aniq artikl qoΚ»llanishi mumkin. Bunda aniqlovchi gap yoki birikma mavjud bo'ladi.
πΈ They arrived on the Saturday after my birthday party.
3οΈβ£ Tartib sonlar oldidan aniq artikl qoΚ»llanilishini bilamiz.
πΈ It is the third time Ann has been late this week.
πΈ She was the first person to know about it.
β οΈ Ammo tartib sonlari 'yana (bir)' degan ma'noda noaniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llaniladi
πΈ A third man entered the room. (Uchinchi (yana bir) odam xonaga kirdi)
β οΈ a first night - premera, a first prize - birinchi o'ringa mukofot iboralari ham noaniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llanadi.
β οΈ Ravish boΚ»lib kelgan first/at first iboralarida artikl qo'llanilmaydi.
πΈ βοΈFirst, you must shake the bottle well, then drink the water.
4οΈβ£ next soΚ»zi kelajak zamon payt ravishini bildiradigan birikmalarda artiklsiz qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈ He is going to learn French βοΈnext year.
β οΈ next soΚ»zi oΚ»tgan zamon payt ravishini bildiradigan birikmalar yoki ot bilan 'keyingi' degan ma'noda qoΚ»llanilganda har doim aniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈ He suddenly arrived the next morning.
πΈ When is the next bus?
5οΈβ£ Undalmalarda nutq qaratilgan ot oldidan artikl qoΚ»llanilmaydi.
πΈ βοΈStudents, hand in your tests!
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 1 941 |
| 18 | π Dars #117 Artikl qo'llashning aralash holatlari (II qism)
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida ba'zi so'zlar bilan artikl qo'llashning har xil qoidalari mavjud, bu ularning qaysi ma'noda yoki qanday so'z bilan qo'llanayotganiga bog'liq.
1οΈβ£ very - juda soΚ»zi sifat bilan birlikdagi ot oldidan kelganida uning oldidan noaniq artikl qoΚ»llaniladi. Bu yerda very daraja-miqdor ravishi hisoblanadi.
πΈBill has bought a very expensive car.
β οΈvery - naq, ayni, aynan oΚ»zi degan ma'nolarida kelganida aniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llaniladi. Bunday holatlarda very sifat so'z turkumi hisoblanadi va o'zidan keyin ot talab qiladi.
πΈYou are the very person I need.
2οΈβ£ most - eng degan ma'noda sifatning orttirma darajasini hosil qilganda aniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThat was the most boring film I've ever seen.
β οΈmost soΚ»zi ba'zan juda (very) degan ma'noda ham keladi. Bunday hollarda birlikdagi otlar oldidan og'zaki nutqda noaniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
πΈIt was a most interesting story.
β οΈ most soΚ»zi koΚ»pchilik degan ma'noda ham keladi, bunday holatlarda bu soΚ»z umumiy ma'noda hech qanday artiklsiz qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈβοΈMost people learn to swim at an early age.
3οΈβ£ Ovqatlanish paytlarini bildiruvchi dinner/lunch/breakfast/supper soΚ»zlari bilan hech qanday artikl qoΚ»llanilmaydi.
πΈTom has invited me to βοΈdinner on Thusday.
β οΈ Ammo, yuqoridagi soΚ»zlar oldidan sifat qatnashib, tasvirlash qoidasi qo'llanilsa noaniq artikl qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThey had a nice dinner at the Red Lion.
πΈI usually have a big breakfast.
β οΈ Yuqoridagi soΚ»zlar bilan aniqlovchi ibora yoki gap qatnashgan hollarda ular oldidan aniq artikl qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈThe dinner we had yesterday was great. (we had yesterday - aniqlovchi gap)
4οΈβ£ Kun paytlarini bildiruvchi dawn/sunrise/sunset/dusk/midnight/night soΚ»zlari at predlogi bilan qoΚ»llanilganda hech qanday artikl qo'llanilmaydi.
β
at dawn - erta tongda
β
at sunrise - kun chiqqanda
β
at noon - tushlikda
β
at sunset - kun botganda
β
at night - tunda
β οΈ morning/afternoon/evening/night soΚ»zlari in predlogi bilan qoΚ»llanilganda odatda aniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llaniladi.
β
in the morning - ertalab
β
in the afternoon - tush paytda
β
in the evening - kechqurun
β
in the night (during the night) - tunda, tun davomida
β οΈ Yuqoridagi soΚ»zlardan oldin sifat va on predlogi kelganda, ular oldidan birlikda noaniq artikl qoΚ»llanishi mumkin.
β
on a rainy morning - yomg'irli tongda
β
on a rainy night - yomg'irli tunda
5οΈβ£ Fasllar umumiy ma'noda qoΚ»llanilganda ular oldidan hech qanday artikl qoΚ»llanilmagani ma'qul.
πΈBirds migrate in βοΈautumn and in βοΈspring.
β οΈAgar joriy yilning yoki biror bir aniq yilning bahori/yozi/kuzi/qishi nazarda tutilgan hollarda fasllar nomlari oldidan aniq artikl qoΚ»llanadi.
πΈThe winter was cold this year.
πΈI am going to have a long holiday in the summer. (this summer)
β οΈ Agar fasllar oldida sifat qatnashgan boΚ»lsa, birlikda noaniq artikl qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈIt was a cold winter.
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 215 |
| 19 | πDars #116 Artikl qo'llashning aralash holatlari (I qism)
β³οΈ Ingliz tilida ba'zi so'zlar bilan artikl qo'llashning har xil qoidalari mavjud, bu ularning qaysi ma'noda yoki vazifada qo'llanayotganiga bog'liq.
1οΈβ£Ingliz tilidagi quyidagi soΚ»zlar oΚ»z vazifasidan kelib chiqib qoΚ»llanilganda hech qanday artikl qoΚ»llanilmasligi lozim.
β
university - universitet
β
college - kollej
β
school - maktab
β
prison - turma
β
hospital - kasalxona
β
church - cherkov
β
court - sud
β³οΈMasalan, quyidagi iboralarda bu soΚ»zlar oΚ»z vazifadan kelib chiqib qoΚ»llangan:
βͺοΈgo to βοΈschool/βοΈuniversity/βοΈcollege - maktab/universitet/kollejga oΚ»qishga bormoq
βͺοΈbe at βοΈschool/βοΈuniversity/βοΈcollege - maktab/universitet/kollejda oΚ»qishda boΚ»lmoq
βͺοΈbe in βοΈprison/be sent to βοΈprison - jinoyat qilganlik uchun qamoqda boΚ»lmoq/qamoqqa yuborilmoq
βͺοΈgo to βοΈchurch - ibodat uchun cherkovga bormoq va hakozolar.
πΈ Bill is ill in βοΈhospital.
πΈWhen I leave βοΈschool, I want to study engineering at βοΈuniversity.
β οΈ Yuqoridagi soΚ»zlar oΚ»z vazifasida emas, bino yoki joy sifatida qoΚ»llanilganda artiklning umumiy qoidasi qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈExcuse me, how can I get to the university? (shahardagi universitet binosi)
πΈSarah is a nurse. She works at the hospital. (kasalxona uning ish joyi)
πΈThe workmen went to the church to repair the roof. (shahardagi cherkov binosi)
2οΈβ£ work -ish, home - uy, bed - yotoq soΚ»zlari ham odatiy, oΚ»z ma'nosida qoΚ»llanilganda artikl olmaydi. Quyidagi iboralarni yodlab oling:
β
be at work
β
start work
β
finish work
β
go to work
β
be at home
β
come home
β
arrive home
β
get home
β
go to bed
β
in bed
πΈI like reading books in βοΈbed.
πΈIs Tom at βοΈhome? No, he is at βοΈwork.
β οΈYuqoridagi soΚ»zlardan bed soΚ»zi krovat (jihoz) sifatida tushunilganda, artiklning umumiy qoidasiga binoan qoΚ»llaniladi .
πΈ I enjoy sleeping on a soft bed. (tasvirlash qoidasi)
πΈHe sat on the bed and began his story. (xonadagi aniq krovat)
3οΈβ£ Musiqa instrumentlari nomlari oldidan, agar ular oΚ»z vazifasida qoΚ»llanilganda, aniq artikl qoΚ»llaniladi.
βͺοΈthe piano/the guitar/the flute/the trumpet
πΈ Can you play the piano?
4οΈβ£ Axborot manbasi sifatida radio, Internet soΚ»zlari aniq artikl, television (TV) soΚ»zi hech qanday artiklsiz qoΚ»llaniladi.
β
to listen to the radio - radio tinglamoq
β
on the radio/Internet - radioda/Internetda
β
to watch TV - televizor koΚ»rmoq
β
on TV - televizorda
πΈI enjoy listening to the radio in the evenings.
πΈWhat's on βοΈTV today?
β οΈ Ammo bu otlar jihoz sifatida umumiy qoidaga koΚ»ra qoΚ»llaniladi.
πΈCan you turn off the TV? (xonadagi televizor jihozi)
5οΈβ£ Quyidagi soΚ»zlar the...of+noun birikmalarida aniq artikl bilan qoΚ»llanadi:
βͺοΈback/beginning/bottom/end/middle/side/top/front
πΈThere was a table in the middle of the room.
πΈWe are leaving for London at the beginning of July.
β οΈBiroq from βοΈbeginning to βοΈend - boshidan oxirigacha, in βοΈfront of - oldida iboralari artiklsiz qoΚ»llanadi.
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2026 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 299 |
| 20 | πDars #115 Artiklsiz qo'llaniladigan turg'un birikmalar (II qism)
β³οΈ Quyidagi birikmalar ingliz tilida artiklsiz qo'llaniladi. Ularni bilish testlarni ishlashda juda foydali hisoblanadi.
β
for hours/ages - soatlab/ koΚ»p vaqtdan beri
β
for sale - sotuvda
β
from head to toe - boshidan oyogβigacha
β
live from hand to mouth - qiyinchilikda yashamoq
β
from head to foot - boshidan oyogβigacha
β
from memory - esdan
β
at last - nihoyat
β
from side to side - u yoqdan bu yoqqa
β
get into trouble - muammoga duch kelmoq
β
out of mind - esdan chiqqan
β
beyond understanding - tushunish qiyin
β
out of sight - koΚ»zdan yiroqda
β
hand in hand - qoΚ»lma qoΚ»l
β
have breakfast - nonushtda qilmoq
β
have lunch - tushlik tanovul qilmoq
β
have fun - maza qilmoq
β
in case - har ehtimolga qarshi
β
in cash - naqd pulda
β
in connection with - bogβliq
β
in contact with - aloqada
β
in detail - atroflicha
β
in fact - haqiqatda
β
in search of - qidirib
β
Itβs high time - vaqti boΚ»ldi
β
itβs fun - maza, zoΚ»r
β
lose control - nazorat qoΚ»ldan chiqmoq
β
on behalf of - nomidan
β
on foot - piyoda
β
on fire - yongβinda
β
at hand - yonida
β
on holiday - taβtilda
β
on business - ish bilan
β
for pleasure - dam olish uchun
β
out of breath - halloslab qolgan
β
out of control - nazoratsiz
β
pay attention to - eβtibor bermoq
β
step by step - qadam baqadam
β
day by day - kundan kunga
β
take offence - hafa boΚ»lmoq
β
take action - chora koΚ»rmoq
β
in practice - amalda
β€οΈIf you want to do some good to your friends π just share this post @grammarnotes #2025 #newlessons
π Kanalga qo'shiling πhttps://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA | 2 539 |
