UPSC AKHADA Channel

1. Winners: French chemist Henri Kagan and Japanese chemist Kenso Soai. 2. Work: Explained how chemical reactions can amplify tiny molecular asymmetries. 3. Core concept – Chirality: Some molecules exist in two mirror-image forms, like left and right hands. 4. Kagan’s contribution (1986): Showed that even a small imbalance in a chiral catalyst can strongly influence the handedness of the final products. 5. Soai’s contribution: Demonstrated that a chiral molecule can promote formation of more molecules with the same handedness, helping explain molecular “self-amplification.” 6. Importance: Helps produce the desired form of drugs, agrochemicals and fragrances more precisely. 7. Biological relevance: Chirality is fundamental to life—amino acids, proteins, enzymes and receptors are largely chiral. UPSC keyword: Chirality → asymmetric catalysis → molecular self-amplification → pharmaceutical applications.

Repo rate: Increased by 25 bps from 5.25% → 5.50%. Policy stance: Changed from neutral → calibrated tightening. SDF: 5.25%; MSF & Bank Rate: 5.75%. This reverses the earlier 125 bps easing cycle from 6.50% to 5.25%. Reason: Escalation of the West Asia conflict pushed up global crude prices and increased financial-market volatility. Other risks: Tighter global financial conditions, uncertainty over AI-stock valuations, and continuing West Asia conflict. Signal: RBI indicated that near-term rate cuts are off the table; future action is likely to be a hike or pause, depending on economic conditions. Key takeaway: RBI has shifted towards tighter monetary policy to manage inflation/external risks and maintain macro-financial stability.

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