UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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Канал UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) у мовному сегменті Англійська є активним учасником. На даний момент спільнота об'єднує 66 489 підписників, посідаючи 2 465 місце в категорії Освіта та 4 961 місце у регіоні Індія.
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За останніми даними від 10 липня, 2026, канал демонструє стабільну активність. Хоча за останні 30 днів спостерігається зміна кількості учасників на -1 087, а за останні 24 години на -27, загальне охоплення залишається високим.
- Статус верифікації: Не верифікований
- Рівень залученості (ER): Середній показник залученості аудиторії становить 5.29%. Протягом перших 24 годин після публікації контент зазвичай збирає 3.58% реакцій від загальної кількості підписників.
- Охоплення публікацій: В середньому кожен допис отримує 3 520 переглядів. Протягом першої доби публікація в середньому набирає 2 380 переглядів.
- Реакції та взаємодія: Аудиторія активно підтримує контент: середня кількість реакцій на один пост – 0.
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Автор описує ресурс як майданчик для висловлення суб'єктивної думки:
“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
Завдяки високій частоті оновлень (останні дані отримано 11 липня, 2026), канал підтримує актуальність та високий рівень охоплення публікацій. Аналітика показує, що аудиторія активно взаємодіє з контентом, що робить його важливою точкою впливу в категорії Освіта.
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■ CLASSIFICATION OF COAL.
1. PEAT
◇ Contains less than 40 to 55 per cent carbon (has more impurities).
◇ Contains sufficient volatile matter and lots of moisture (gives out a lot of smoke when burnt cause pollution).
◇ Left to itself, it burns like wood, gives less heat, emits more smoke and leaves a lot of ash.
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■ FORMATION OF COAL.
#Economicgeography
◇ Most of the world’s coal was formed in Carboniferous age (350 million years ago.)
◇ Name Carboniferous refers to coal-bearing strata.
◇ Coal formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy (marshy) forests.
◇ As plants grew, some died and fell into the swamp waters.
◇ New plants grew up to take their places and when these died more grew.
◇ In time, there was thick layer of dead plants rotting in the swamp.
◇ Surface of the earth changed, and water and dirt washed in, stopping the decaying process.
◇ More plants grew up, but they too died and fell, forming separate layers.
◇ After millions of years many layers had formed, one on top of the other.
◇ Weight of the top layers and the water and dirt packed down the lower layers of plant matter.
◇ Heat and pressure produced chemical and physical changes in the plant layers which forced out oxygen and left rich carbon deposits. In time, material that had been plants became coal.
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■ BLACK SOIL.
#Soil
◇ The parent material for most of the black soil are the volcanic rocks that were formed in the Deccan Plateau.
◇ In Tamil Nadu, gneisses and schists form the parent material. The former are sufficiently deep while the later are generally shallow.
◇ These are the region of high temperature and low rainfall. It is, therefore, a soil group typical to the dry and hot regions of the Peninsula.
◇ A typical black soil is highly argillaceous (containing clay) with a large clay factor, 62 per cent or more.
• In general, black soils of uplands are of low fertility while those in the valleys are very fertile.
◇ The black soil is highly retentive of moisture.
◇ It swells greatly on accumulating moisture.
◇ In the rainy season, the soil gets very sticky and hence ploughing, and other agricultural activities demand more effort.
◇ In summer, the moisture evaporates the soil shrinks and is seamed with broad and deep cracks.
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Repost from UPSC GEOGRAPHY
■ FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL FORMATIONS IN INDIA.
#Soil
4. NATURAL VEGETATION.
◇ Natural vegetation reflects the combined effects of relief and climate.
◇ The formation and development of soil is very much influenced by the growth of vegetation.
◇ The decayed leaf material adds much-needed humus to soil thereby increasing its fertility.
◇ The densely forested areas contain some of the best soils in India.
◇ There is a close relationship between the vegetation types and soil types in India.
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■ FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL FORMATIONS IN INDIA.
#Soil
4. NATURAL VEGETATION.
◇ Natural vegetation reflects the combined effects of relief and climate.
◇ The formation and development of soil is very much influenced by the growth of vegetation.
◇ The decayed leaf material adds much-needed humus to soil thereby increasing its fertility.
◇ The densely forested areas contain some of the best soils in India.
◇ There is a close relationship between the vegetation types and soil types in India.
66 489
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