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(b) III, IV, II, I III. Battle of Shaker Kheda (11 October 1724): Fought between Nizam-ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah I) and Mubariz Khan (Subedar of the Deccan). Nizam-ul-Mulk's victory paved the way for the establishment of the autonomous Asaf Jahi dynasty (Hyderabad State). IV. Battle of Bedara / Chinsurah (25 November 1759): Fought between the British East India Company (led by Francis Forde) and the Dutch East India Company in Bengal. The defeat decisively ended Dutch political ambitions in India. II. Battle of Porto Novo (1 July 1781): Fought during the Second Anglo-Mysore War between Hyder Ali of Mysore and Sir Eyre Coote of the British East India Company at Parangipettai (Porto Novo). I. Battle of Mudki (18 December 1845): Fought during the First Anglo-Sikh War between the Sikh Khalsa Army and the forces of the British East India Company under Sir Hugh Gough.

1. Broach (Bharuch): Correct. • After establishing their first factory in Surat (1613), the English rapidly expanded their influence in Gujarat. By 1619, they had established factories in Broach, Ahmedabad, and Agra. This falls squarely within the first quarter of the 17th century. 2. Chicacole (Srikakulam): Incorrect. • While the English had a presence on the Coromandel Coast (Masulipatnam in 1611), Chicacole did not become a significant factory site for the EEIC during the first quarter of the 1600s. It was later associated more with Northern Circars' administration. 3. Trichinopoly (Tiruchirappalli): Incorrect. • Trichinopoly was an inland city controlled largely by the Madurai Nayaks during this period. The English focused almost exclusively on coastal trading posts (littoral ports) during the early 17th century. They did not establish a factory in Trichinopoly during this timeframe.

(a) 1878 : Second Anglo-Afghan War: Correct • The Second Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British Raj and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880. It was triggered by the "Great Game" rivalry between Britain and Russia. This period also saw the controversial Vernacular Press Act (1878) under Lord Lytton. (b) 1885 : Ilbert Bill Controversy: Incorrect • The Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 during the viceroyalty of Lord Ripon. The controversy arose because the bill proposed allowing Indian magistrates to try Europeans in criminal cases, which led to a massive racist backlash from the British community in India. In 1885, the most significant event was actually the formation of the Indian National Congress. (c) 1785 : Fox’s India Bill: Incorrect • Fox's India Bill was introduced in the British Parliament in 1783. Its failure led to the downfall of the coalition government of Charles James Fox and Lord North. It was succeeded by the more famous Pitt’s India Act of 1784, which established the Board of Control. (d) 1898 : Lord Curzon becomes the Viceroy: Incorrect • While Lord Curzon was appointed in late 1898, he officially assumed the office of Viceroy on January 6, 1899. He served until 1905 and is best known (and criticized) for the Partition of Bengal.

Explanation: Under Section 14(3) of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, if more than one registered Trade Union is functioning in an industrial establishment, the union that has the support of 51% or more workers on the muster roll is recognized by the employer as the sole negotiating union. If no union achieves 51% support: The employer will instead constitute a Negotiating Council consisting of representatives from all registered trade unions that command the support of at least 20% of the workers on the muster roll.

Answer: B. 1, 2 and 3 only is the correct answer. Why Statements 1, 2, and 3 are Correct Statement 1: A fixed-term worker must receive wages and benefits that are no less than those of a permanent worker doing the same or similar work. Statement 2: Statutory benefits apply proportionally based on the length of service, even if the worker does not meet the typical long-term qualifying period. Statement 3: Fixed-term employees are eligible for pro-rata gratuity if they complete one year of service under the contract, waiving the standard five-year requirement. Why Statement 4 is Incorrect Fixed-term workers are not excluded from statutory benefits; they are legally entitled to receive them on a proportionate basis