UPSC Pulse

Vishti (Forced Labor): Unlike the Mauryan period where labor was paid, by the Gupta and Post-Gupta periods, Vishti became a major source of state revenue considered as a form of tax paid by the subjects

𝗜𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘂𝗿𝘆𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗸𝗮 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝘃𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗴𝗲, 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

𝙄𝙣𝙙𝙪𝙨 𝙥𝙚𝙤𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙡𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙩𝙩𝙤𝙣

𝗖𝗔𝗚 (𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝟭𝟰𝟴): 𝗔𝘂𝗱𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀.

𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝟯𝟱𝟮: 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆 ​𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝟯𝟱𝟲: 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁’𝘀 𝗥𝘂𝗹𝗲 (𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗘𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆) ​𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝟯𝟲𝟬: 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆 (𝗻𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮)

𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗕𝗔𝗟 & 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗦𝗛𝗘𝗘𝗧

𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗕𝗔𝗟 & 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗦𝗛𝗘𝗘𝗧

𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗔 𝗔𝗚𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗨𝗟𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗔𝗟 & 𝗟𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗞 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗔𝗕𝗟𝗘

The featured article, "The new lords of the Red Sea" (The Houthis vs Saudi Arabia), focuses on the geopolitical and military transformation of the Houthi movement (Ansar Allah) in Yemen. Crux of the Editorial Transformation into a Regional Force: Supported by Iranian backing, ideological commitment, and years of warfare, the Houthis have evolved from a local revivalist Shia movement in northern Yemen into a formidable territorial army and naval force that functions as a parallel state. Control of Strategic Chokepoints: By seizing Yemen's Red Sea coastline and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, the Houthis—alongside Iran's control near the Strait of Hormuz—now exert significant control over two of the world's most critical maritime trade chokepoints, through which over 20% of global oil and 12–15% of global trade pass.

GS-2 international relations BRICS ko "anti-West alliance" kehna sahi nahi hai. Brazil India,Bilateral Trade Numbers: Current Trade Growth: $15 billion se $20 billion Target: $30 billion (short-term target before 2030)

(GS Paper 2 - International Relations) BRICS ko "anti-West alliance" kehna sahi nahi hai. Current Trade Growth: $15 billion se $20 billion Target: $30 billion (short-term target before 2030) #upsc

𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝘃𝘀. 𝗗𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘆

𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 & 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀

𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲 & 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸 𝗝𝘂𝗱𝗴𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 #upsc

𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲.

𝙎𝙪𝙗𝙖𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙠𝙝𝙖: 𝙁𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝 𝙅𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙙, 𝙒𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝘽𝙚𝙣𝙜𝙖𝙡, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙊𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙝𝙖.

Unlike the President and Governors, who enjoy full criminal immunity during their term of office (Article 361), the Vice-President enjoys no such explicit constitutional immunity from judicial proceedings.