𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲

The correct answer is Kussmaul sign. 

🩺 Explanation

▶️ Kussmaul sign:   - Defined as a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure (JVP) during inspiration.   - Normally, inspiration decreases intrathoracic pressure ➔ increases venous return ➔ lowers JVP.    - In conditions like constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, or right-sided heart failure, the right ventricle cannot accommodate the increased venous return. This leads to a rise in JVP instead.    ➲ Homan sign ➔ calf pain on dorsiflexion of the foot, associated with deep vein thrombosis.   ➲ Murphy sign ➔ inspiratory arrest due to pain on palpation of the right upper quadrant, seen in acute cholecystitis.   ➲ Trousseau sign ➔ carpopedal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff, seen in hypocalcemia. 

🔑 Clinical Pearl

Kussmaul sign is a bedside clue to impaired right ventricular filling. It helps differentiate constrictive pericarditis (positive Kussmaul sign) from cardiac tamponade (usually absent Kussmaul sign).

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