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Part 2

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After the conquest of Palestine in 1918, the League of Nations granted its administration to Great Britain, which from 1920 onwards held it under a trusteeship, until 1948, when the State of Israel was created. The only flag flown was the Union Jack, but this posed a problem, as its use at sea was prohibited. Therefore, in 1927, the Palestinian government passed an amendment requiring ships registered under the mandate to fly the British Red Ensign, with a white disc on the right side with the word "Palestine" inside. A different design was originally proposed, with the Seal featuring the walls of Jerusalem on its interior, but the cost and production difficulties caused the oversimplified idea to be rejected.

Scheme of the flags of Colonial Morocco (1912 - 1956) part 2

Scheme of the flags of Colonial Morocco (1912 - 1956) part 1

The final Reich war flag was adopted in 1938, modifying some details of its design. Its use was not only as the insignia of the Kriegsmarine, but more generally as the insignia of the German armed forces, the Wehrmacht. A decree of the Wehrmacht High Command dated February 28, 1944, which came into effect on April 20, 1944, mandated a change to the regulations governing the oath of allegiance: "All soldiers of the Army and Air Force must take the oath on the Reich war flag, as is the case for the Navy." Consequently, new recruits no longer flew on the flags of their troops, but on the single war flag. Its use was further expanded at the behest of Adolf Hitler, in a decree dated August 28, 1944, which ordered troops to hand over their standards to museums in Berlin, Vienna, Dresden, and Munich; the intention was to prevent the enemy from capturing them, but it is said to have been a revenge by the Führer who was disheartened after his assassination attempt.

The Seal of Solomon was a recurring symbol in the Muslim world for much of history, and Morocco was no exception, using it on its flags until the 19th century. However, it remained in use at least on coins until 1912, when the Alawite monarchy was placed under Franco-Spanish control. The flag changed in 1915, replacing the original symbol with a five-pointed star, but this was not commonly understood, leading to errors in the interpretation of the star. At the 1916 Fez Fair, the red flag had a large Star of David at its center, probably green, but the most striking example was the printing of the small Larousse encyclopedia in 1922, which depicted the star as the Jewish one. The error did not go unnoticed, but rather, being reported in subsequent editions, it led to the belief that the Moroccan flag was actually as shown, which is why some flags exist today as it appears in the drawing.

The military uprising that sparked the Spanish Civil War in 1936 also originated in Spanish Morocco. The Army of Africa's insurrection quickly spread to mainland Spain. After Franco's victory in 1939, the protectorate enjoyed greater political autonomy, with competing politicians and freedom of the press. In 1940, taking advantage of the fall of France and a uncertain Italian invasion, Franco also ordered the occupation of Tangier, which remained under Spanish control until 1945. In 1956, with the end of the French protectorate and the independence of Morocco, Spain also ended its protectorate and returned the territories to the new Moroccan kingdom. However, it retained Ceuta, Melilla, and the other Plazas de Soberanía, as well as territories still under Spanish administration, such as Ifni and the Spanish Sahara.

Spanish Protectorate of Morocco (1912 - 1956) HISTORY: By the 19th century, Spain was a country in decline, with a glorious past and a vast empire behind it. After 1898, however, it had lost its last overseas territories to the United States, and its leaders deemed it necessary to undertake new colonial expansion. The primary target became Morocco, both for its strategic position and the presence of the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, and for the fear that the area would fall under British influence.

After the Hungarians settled in Pannonia, creating a principality, it was elevated to the title of Kingdom in the year 1000, and the first king, Stephen, of the Árpad dynasty, who ruled Hungary until its extinction in 1301. The royal coat of arms appeared in the early 13th century, on a seal of King Emeric, leaving its legacy in the coat of arms of all future generations, which would feature the four white and white stripes to this day, flanked by the apostolic cross on a red field and green hills. Many centuries later, in the 1940s, an attempt was made to recall Hungarian history within the nationalist context of the time. In this context, Sándor Szell proposed a striped flag for the Magyar nation that would recall the stripes of the Árpad dynasty, but this was rejected. In the seven months between October 1944 and 7 May 1945 it was re-proposed but once again fell into oblivion with one exception: during the celebrations for the 700th anniversary of Buda, the flag was raised on the banks of the Danube.

Flags of Budapest (1873 - )

There is no certainty as to the use of this flag. It was supposed to have served various purposes, but none of them are certain, only theories upon theories. It is said to have been the flag of Buda before 1872, when the two cities on the Danube were still separate. It reappears in a 1941 book, where it is proposed as the flag of Budapest, then it reappears as the city flag of the Hungarian capital from 1974 to 1989, during the socialist regime, without any factual evidence of this. Some visitors, and internet users also confirm this, believe it to be the flag of the Budavar district, the first, where the city's castle stands on the hill and is the area richest in history. 🟥🟨

Even after the Act of Union of 1801, criticism of the new Union Jack abounded, with some believing it was unrepresentative of Ireland. Between 1801 and 1803, several alternative designs were presented, such as that of Thomas Walters, who proposed a Celtic harp on a green disc, and another with two overlapping saltires, but neither of these ideas were accepted. In contemporary times, the debate has focused on the absence of Wales from the flag. In 2007, MP Ian Lucas suggested adding the Welsh red dragon or the colors of the Cross of St. David. Furthermore, before the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, suggestions were made for a Union Jack without the St. Andrew's Cross, but the victory of the "No" vote on independence rendered these proposals futile.

HISTORY: In 1603, with the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of England, the two kingdoms were united under a single ruler. Various flags were designed combining the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew, but the king chose the model adopted in 1606, the ancestor of the current Union Jack. Despite this, alternative designs that gave greater prominence to Scottish symbols continued to circulate, especially in Scotland.

After several years of conflict, in 1925, the Hashemite forces defeated Ibn Saud and conquered Riyadh, putting an end to the ambitions of the Saudi dynasty. In the following years, through military campaigns and diplomatic agreements, the Gulf Emirates and Yemen were also unified under the Hashemite crown. In 1932, the Hashemite Kingdom of Arabia was proclaimed, a monarchy extending from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf and uniting almost the entire Arabian Peninsula under a single government. The discovery of vast oil deposits and control of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina quickly transformed the new state into a major power in the Middle East, destined to profoundly influence regional politics throughout the 20th century.

Hashemite Kingdom of Arabia (1932 - ) •~•~ In reality, at the end of the First World War, the Kingdom of Hejaz was gradually abandoned by the United Kingdom. The promises of independence made to the Hashemites gave way to agreements between the victorious powers, and a few years later, the kingdom was conquered by Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud, who unified much of the Arabian Peninsula, founding Saudi Arabia. In this timeline, however, history takes a different direction. Convinced that a single allied Arab state would ensure greater stability in the region, the British government decided to actively support the Hashemite dynasty. Hussein ibn Ali was recognized as ruler, while his son Faisal led the army in the war against Najd, receiving British weapons, funding, and military advisors.