Python Projects & Free Books

Here are some tricky🧩 SQL interview questions! 1. Find the second-highest salary in a table without using LIMIT or TOP. 2. Write a SQL query to find all employees who earn more than their managers. 3. Find the duplicate rows in a table without using GROUP BY. 4. Write a SQL query to find the top 10% of earners in a table. 5. Find the cumulative sum of a column in a table. 6. Write a SQL query to find all employees who have never taken a leave. 7. Find the difference between the current row and the next row in a table. 8. Write a SQL query to find all departments with more than one employee. 9. Find the maximum value of a column for each group without using GROUP BY. 10. Write a SQL query to find all employees who have taken more than 3 leaves in a month. These questions are designed to test your SQL skills, including your ability to write efficient queries, think creatively, and solve complex problems. Here are the answers to these questions: 1. SELECT MAX(salary) FROM table WHERE salary NOT IN (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM table) 2. SELECT e1.* FROM employees e1 JOIN employees e2 ON e1.manager_id = (link unavailable) WHERE e1.salary > e2.salary 3. SELECT * FROM table WHERE rowid IN (SELECT rowid FROM table GROUP BY column HAVING COUNT(*) > 1) 4. SELECT * FROM table WHERE salary > (SELECT PERCENTILE_CONT(0.9) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY salary) FROM table) 5. SELECT column, SUM(column) OVER (ORDER BY rowid) FROM table 6. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id NOT IN (SELECT employee_id FROM leaves) 7. SELECT *, column - LEAD(column) OVER (ORDER BY rowid) FROM table 8. SELECT department FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 9. SELECT MAX(column) FROM table WHERE column NOT IN (SELECT MAX(column) FROM table GROUP BY group_column) Here you can find essential SQL Interview Resources👇 https://t.me/mysqldata Like this post if you need more 👍❤️ Hope it helps :)

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15 Best Project Ideas for Python : 🐍 🚀 Beginner Level: 1. Simple Calculator 2. To-Do List 3. Number Guessing Game 4. Dice Rolling Simulator 5. Word Counter 🌟 Intermediate Level: 6. Weather App 7. URL Shortener 8. Movie Recommender System 9. Chatbot 10. Image Caption Generator 🌌 Advanced Level: 11. Stock Market Analysis 12. Autonomous Drone Control 13. Music Genre Classification 14. Real-Time Object Detection 15. Natural Language Processing (NLP) Sentiment Analysis

7 GitHub repos to master AI engineering in 2026 👇 1/ Awesome Artificial Intelligence: https://github.com/owainlewis/awesome-artificial-intelligence 2/ Awesome LLM Apps: https://github.com/Shubhamsaboo/awesome-llm-apps 3/ 100 Days of ML Code: https://github.com/avik-jain/100-Days-of-ML-Code 4/ System Prompts and AI Tools: https://github.com/x1xhlol/system-prompts-and-models-of-ai-tools 5/ AI Agents for Beginners: https://github.com/microsoft/ai-agents-for-beginners 6/ Microsoft Gen AI for Beginners: https://github.com/microsoft/ai-for-beginners 7/ Learn Agentic AI: https://github.com/panaversity/learn-agentic-ai

🐍 𝐏𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐞𝐥𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝟗 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐬 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠! . . 1️⃣ 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬: Started with foundational Python concepts like variables, loops, functions, and conditional statements. 2️⃣ 𝐏𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐲 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐬: Focused on beginner-friendly problems on platforms like LeetCode and HackerRank to build confidence. 3️⃣ 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐧-𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: Studied essential problem-solving techniques for Python, like list comprehensions, dictionary manipulations, and lambda functions. 4️⃣ 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐋𝐢𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬: Explored popular libraries like Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib for data manipulation, analysis, and visualization. 5️⃣ 𝐅𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬: Built small projects like a to-do app, calculator, or data visualization dashboard to apply concepts. 6️⃣ 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬: Followed creators like CodeWithHarry and Shradha Khapra for in-depth Python tutorials. 7️⃣ 𝐃𝐞𝐛𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲: Made it a habit to debug and analyze code to understand errors and optimize solutions. 8️⃣ 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬: Participated in coding challenges to simulate real-world problem-solving scenarios. 9️⃣ 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭: Practiced daily, worked on diverse problems, and never skipped Python for more than a day. I have curated the best interview resources to crack Python Interviews 👇👇 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L Hope you'll like it Like this post if you need more resources like this 👍❤️ #Python

🔰 Python functions

If you work with Python, remember a simple rule: do not modify a list while iterating over it. 🐍🛑 This can lead to unexpected results because the iterator does not track structural changes. Here is an example that looks logical but works incorrectly: 🤔

items = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4]
for item in items:
    if item == 2:
        items.remove(item)
print(items)
# Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]

It seems that all 2s should disappear, but one remains. ❓ Why? After removing an element, the list shifts, but the loop moves on — as a result, some values are simply skipped. 🔄🚫 How to do it correctly — iterate over a copy: ✅

for item in items[:]:
    if item == 2:
          items.remove(item)
print(items)
# Output: [1, 3, 4]

Even better — use list comprehension: 🚀 items = [x for x in items if x != 2] Conclusion: 🏁 do not modify a collection during iteration. This can lead to skipped elements, duplication, or even errors during execution. 🛠️🚧 #Python #Coding #Programming #Debugging #TechTips #PythonTips

Python Basics Arrays & Loops 🐍 Essential you need to start strong 💪 https://t.me/pythonRe 🔗

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Essential Python Libraries to build your career in Data Science 📊👇 1. NumPy: - Efficient numerical operations and array manipulation. 2. Pandas: - Data manipulation and analysis with powerful data structures (DataFrame, Series). 3. Matplotlib: - 2D plotting library for creating visualizations. 4. Seaborn: - Statistical data visualization built on top of Matplotlib. 5. Scikit-learn: - Machine learning toolkit for classification, regression, clustering, etc. 6. TensorFlow: - Open-source machine learning framework for building and deploying ML models. 7. PyTorch: - Deep learning library, particularly popular for neural network research. 8. SciPy: - Library for scientific and technical computing. 9. Statsmodels: - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python. 10. NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit): - Tools for working with human language data (text). 11. Gensim: - Topic modeling and document similarity analysis. 12. Keras: - High-level neural networks API, running on top of TensorFlow. 13. Plotly: - Interactive graphing library for making interactive plots. 14. Beautiful Soup: - Web scraping library for pulling data out of HTML and XML files. 15. OpenCV: - Library for computer vision tasks. As a beginner, you can start with Pandas and NumPy for data manipulation and analysis. For data visualization, Matplotlib and Seaborn are great starting points. As you progress, you can explore machine learning with Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch. Free Notes & Books to learn Data Science: https://t.me/datasciencefree Python Project Ideas: https://t.me/dsabooks/85 Best Resources to learn Python & Data Science 👇👇 Python Tutorial Data Science Course by Kaggle Machine Learning Course by Google Best Data Science & Machine Learning Resources Interview Process for Data Science Role at Amazon Python Interview Resources Join @free4unow_backup for more free courses Like for more ❤️ ENJOY LEARNING👍👍

🔰 Python List Slicing

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🔰 Type Conversion in Python

Generate Barcode using Python 👆

Are you looking to become a machine learning engineer? The algorithm brought you to the right place! 📌 I created a free and comprehensive roadmap. Let's go through this thread and explore what you need to know to become an expert machine learning engineer: Math & Statistics Just like most other data roles, machine learning engineering starts with strong foundations from math, precisely linear algebra, probability and statistics. Here are the probability units you will need to focus on: Basic probability concepts statistics Inferential statistics Regression analysis Experimental design and A/B testing Bayesian statistics Calculus Linear algebra Python: You can choose Python, R, Julia, or any other language, but Python is the most versatile and flexible language for machine learning. Variables, data types, and basic operations Control flow statements (e.g., if-else, loops) Functions and modules Error handling and exceptions Basic data structures (e.g., lists, dictionaries, tuples) Object-oriented programming concepts Basic work with APIs Detailed data structures and algorithmic thinking Machine Learning Prerequisites: Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) with NumPy and Pandas Basic data visualization techniques to visualize the variables and features. Feature extraction Feature engineering Different types of encoding data Machine Learning Fundamentals Using scikit-learn library in combination with other Python libraries for: Supervised Learning: (Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees) Unsupervised Learning: (K-Means Clustering, Principal Component Analysis, Hierarchical Clustering) Reinforcement Learning: (Q-Learning, Deep Q Network, Policy Gradients) Solving two types of problems: Regression Classification Neural Networks: Neural networks are like computer brains that learn from examples, made up of layers of "neurons" that handle data. They learn without explicit instructions. Types of Neural Networks: Feedforward Neural Networks: Simplest form, with straight connections and no loops. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Great for images, learning visual patterns. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Good for sequences like text or time series, because they remember past information. In Python, it’s the best to use TensorFlow and Keras libraries, as well as PyTorch, for deeper and more complex neural network systems. Deep Learning: Deep learning is a subset of machine learning in artificial intelligence (AI) that has networks capable of learning unsupervised from data that is unstructured or unlabeled. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs) Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) Autoencoders Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) Transformer Models Machine Learning Project Deployment Machine learning engineers should also be able to dive into MLOps and project deployment. Here are the things that you should be familiar or skilled at: Version Control for Data and Models Automated Testing and Continuous Integration (CI) Continuous Delivery and Deployment (CD) Monitoring and Logging Experiment Tracking and Management Feature Stores Data Pipeline and Workflow Orchestration Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Model Serving and APIs Best Data Science & Machine Learning Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/914624 Credits: https://t.me/datasciencefun Like if you need similar content 😄👍 Hope this helps you 😊

Stop using if obj == None, use if obj is None In Python, when you write:

obj == None

you're not directly checking if obj is the value None. Instead, you're asking if the object is equal to None. Yes, in many cases, the result will be the same as for the code:

obj is None

But the behavior of these two variants is different, and this difference is important. When you use:

obj == None

Python calls the __eq__ method on the object. That is, the object itself decides what it means to be "equal to None". And this method can be overridden. If obj is an instance of a class in which __eq__ is implemented so that when compared with None, it returns True (even if the object is not actually None), then obj == None may mistakenly give True. Example:

class Weird:
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return True  # Always asserts that it's equal

obj = Weird()

print(obj == None)  # True
print(obj is None)  # False

Here, it can be seen that obj == None returns True due to the custom behaeqf the __eq__ operator in the class. Therefore, when using obj == None, the result is not always predictable. On the other hand, when you write:

obj is None

you're using the is operator, which cannot be overridden. This means that the result will always be the same and predictable. The is operator checks the identity of objects, that is, whether two references point to the same object. Since None is a singleton (the only instance), obj is None is the correct and most efficient way to perform such a check. ❤️ Therefore, it is always recommended, and this is best practice, to use obj is None instead of obj == None for predictability and efficiency. 👉 https://t.me/DataScienceQ

Closures & Decorators in Python 👆

Here is the list of few projects (found on kaggle). They cover Basics of Python, Advanced Statistics, Supervised Learning (Regression and Classification problems) & Data Science Please also check the discussions and notebook submissions for different approaches and solution after you tried yourself. 1. Basic python and statistics Pima Indians :- https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/pima-indians-diabetes-database Cardio Goodness fit :- https://www.kaggle.com/saurav9786/cardiogoodfitness Automobile :- https://www.kaggle.com/toramky/automobile-dataset 2. Advanced Statistics Game of Thrones:-https://www.kaggle.com/mylesoneill/game-of-thrones World University Ranking:-https://www.kaggle.com/mylesoneill/world-university-rankings IMDB Movie Dataset:- https://www.kaggle.com/carolzhangdc/imdb-5000-movie-dataset 3. Supervised Learning a) Regression Problems How much did it rain :- https://www.kaggle.com/c/how-much-did-it-rain-ii/overview Inventory Demand:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/grupo-bimbo-inventory-demand Property Inspection predictiion:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/liberty-mutual-group-property-inspection-prediction Restaurant Revenue prediction:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/restaurant-revenue-prediction/data IMDB Box office Prediction:-https://www.kaggle.com/c/tmdb-box-office-prediction/overview b) Classification problems Employee Access challenge :- https://www.kaggle.com/c/amazon-employee-access-challenge/overview Titanic :- https://www.kaggle.com/c/titanic San Francisco crime:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/sf-crime Customer satisfcation:-https://www.kaggle.com/c/santander-customer-satisfaction Trip type classification:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/walmart-recruiting-trip-type-classification Categorize cusine:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/whats-cooking 4. Some helpful Data science projects for beginners https://www.kaggle.com/c/house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer https://www.kaggle.com/c/titanic 5. Intermediate Level Data science Projects Black Friday Data : https://www.kaggle.com/sdolezel/black-friday Human Activity Recognition Data : https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/human-activity-recognition-with-smartphones Trip History Data : https://www.kaggle.com/pronto/cycle-share-dataset Million Song Data : https://www.kaggle.com/c/msdchallenge Census Income Data : https://www.kaggle.com/c/census-income/data Movie Lens Data : https://www.kaggle.com/grouplens/movielens-20m-dataset Twitter Classification Data : https://www.kaggle.com/c/twitter-sentiment-analysis2 Share with credits: https://t.me/sqlproject ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍