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🤰🏽. Pregnancy Signs ®️Presumptive signs ▪️ Amenorrhea ▪️ Nausea and vomiting ▪️Increased size and increased feeling of fullness in breasts ▪️Pronounced nipples ▪️ Urinary frequency ▪️ Quickening: The first perception of fetal movement by the mother may occur at the 16th to 20th week of gestation.🔅 ▪️ Fatigue ▪️ Discoloration of the vaginal mucosa ®️Probable signs ▪️Uterine enlargement ▪️ Hegar’s sign: Compressibility and softening of the lower uterine segment that occurs at about week 6🔅 ▪️Goodell’s sign: Softening of the cervix that occurs at the beginning of the second month🔅 ▪️Chadwick’s sign: Violet coloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina, and vulva that occurs at about week 6🔅 ▪️Ballottement: Rebounding of the fetus against the examiner’s fingers on palpation🔅 ▪️ Braxton Hicks contractions (irregular painless contractions that may occur intermittently throughout pregnancy)🔅 ▪️ Positive pregnancy test for determination of the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin🔅 ®️Positive signs (diagnostic) ▪️Fetal heart rate detected by electronic device (Doppler transducer) at 10 to 12 weeks and by nonelectronic device (fetoscope) at 20 weeks of gestation🔅 ▪️ Active fetal movements palpable by examiner🔅 ▪️ Outline of fetus via radiography or ultrasonography🔅

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*Some Important Health Programmes of India* 1.- National Family Planning Programme:- *1952* 2.-National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP):- *1953* 3.- National Leprosy Control Programme:- *1955* 4.- National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP): - *1958* 5.-National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP):- *1962* 6.- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme:- *1975* 7.- National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB):- *1976* 8.-Kala Azar Control Programme: - *1977* 9.-Modified Plan of Operation (MPO):- *1977* https://t.me/Nurseshub 10.- National Mental Health Programme:- *1982* 11.- National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP): - *1983* 12.- National AIDS Control Programme (NACP):- *1987* 13- Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) :- *1991* 14.- Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP):- *1992* 15.-Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Programme:- *1992* 16.- National AIDS Control Programme I (NACP I):- *1992-97* 17.- Enhanced Malaria Control Project (EMCP):- *1997* 18- Reproductive and Child Health Programme I:- *1997* 19- National Anti Malaria Programme (NAMP):- *1999* 20.- National AIDS Control Programme II (NACP II):- *1999-2004* 21.- National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP):- *2003-04* 22.- Reproductive and Child Health Programme II:- *2004-09* 23.- National Rural Health Mission (NRHM):- *2005-12* 24.- Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), :- *2006* 25.-National AIDS Control Programme III (NACP III):- *2006-11* https://t.me/Nurseshub 26.- National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP):- *2007-08* 27.- National Program for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE):- *2011* 28.- National Health Mission (NHM):- *2013* 29.- National AIDS Control Program IV (NACP IV):- *2012-17* 30.- Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana (PMJDY):- *2014* 31.- Pradhan Mantri Suraksha BimaYojana:- *2015* 32.- Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti BimaYojana:- *2015* 33.- The national health policy(NHP):- *1983* 34.- Universal immunization programme(UIP):- *1985* 35.- Blood safety programme:- *1989* https://t.me/Nurseshub 36.- National health policy:- *2002* 37.- Reproductive and child health programme :- *1997* 38.- National vectore borne disease control Programme:- *2003* 39.- Revised programme of nutritional support:- 2004 40.- janani suraksha yojana launched:- *2005*

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🤰🏽. Pregnancy Signs ®️Presumptive signs ▪️ Amenorrhea ▪️ Nausea and vomiting ▪️Increased size and increased feeling of fullness in breasts ▪️Pronounced nipples ▪️ Urinary frequency ▪️ Quickening: The first perception of fetal movement by the mother may occur at the 16th to 20th week of gestation.🔅 ▪️ Fatigue ▪️ Discoloration of the vaginal mucosa https://t.me/nurseshub ®️Probable signs ▪️Uterine enlargement ▪️ Hegar’s sign: Compressibility and softening of the lower uterine segment that occurs at about week 6🔅 ▪️Goodell’s sign: Softening of the cervix that occurs at the beginning of the second month🔅 ▪️Chadwick’s sign: Violet coloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina, and vulva that occurs at about week 6🔅 ▪️Ballottement: Rebounding of the fetus against the examiner’s fingers on palpation🔅 ▪️ Braxton Hicks contractions (irregular painless contractions that may occur intermittently throughout pregnancy)🔅 ▪️ Positive pregnancy test for determination of the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin🔅 ®️Positive signs (diagnostic) ▪️Fetal heart rate detected by electronic device (Doppler transducer) at 10 to 12 weeks and by nonelectronic device (fetoscope) at 20 weeks of gestation🔅 ▪️ Active fetal movements palpable by examiner🔅 ▪️ Outline of fetus via radiography or ultrasonography🔅

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List of important medical instruments commonly used in healthcare settings along with their primary uses: @nurseshub 1. Stethoscope: - Use: Listening to heart and lung sounds. 2. Blood Pressure Cuff (Sphygmomanometer): - Use: Measuring blood pressure. 3. Thermometer: - Use: Measuring body temperature. 4. Otoscope: - Use: Examining the ears. 5. Ophthalmoscope: - Use: Examining the eyes, especially the retina. 6. Tongue Depressor: - Use: Holding down the tongue for oral examination. 7. Oxygen Mask and Nasal Cannula: - Use: Delivering supplemental oxygen. 8. Pulse Oximeter: - Use: Monitoring oxygen saturation in the blood. 9. Scalpel: - Use: Precision cutting during surgeries. 10. Forceps: - Use: Grasping and holding tissues or objects during procedures. 11. Scissors: - Use: Cutting tissues, bandages, or sutures. 12. Needle and Syringe: - Use: Administering medications, drawing blood. 13. Defibrillator: - Use: Restoring normal heart rhythm in cases of cardiac arrest. 14. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Machine: - Use: Recording the electrical activity of the heart. 15. X-ray Machine: - Use: Producing images of the internal structures of the body. 16. Ultrasound Machine: - Use: Visualizing internal organs and structures using sound waves. 17. MRI Machine: - Use: Producing detailed images of internal structures using magnetic fields and radio waves. 18. Fetal Doppler: - Use: Monitoring the fetal heartbeat during pregnancy. 19. Ventilator: - Use: Assisting or replacing spontaneous breathing in patients with respiratory failure. 20. Cautery: - Use: Controlling bleeding by burning or coagulating tissues. Join Whatsapp Group For More Updates... https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va5TPgxL7UVZlFBzD90D Share with your friendsList of important medical instruments commonly used in healthcare settings along with their primary uses: 1. Stethoscope: - Use: Listening to heart and lung sounds. 2. Blood Pressure Cuff (Sphygmomanometer): - Use: Measuring blood pressure. 3. Thermometer: - Use: Measuring body temperature. 4. Otoscope: - Use: Examining the ears. 5. Ophthalmoscope: - Use: Examining the eyes, especially the retina. 6. Tongue Depressor: - Use: Holding down the tongue for oral examination. 7. Oxygen Mask and Nasal Cannula: - Use: Delivering supplemental oxygen. 8. Pulse Oximeter: - Use: Monitoring oxygen saturation in the blood. 9. Scalpel: - Use: Precision cutting during surgeries. 10. Forceps: - Use: Grasping and holding tissues or objects during procedures. 11. Scissors: - Use: Cutting tissues, bandages, or sutures. 12. Needle and Syringe: - Use: Administering medications, drawing blood. 13. Defibrillator: - Use: Restoring normal heart rhythm in cases of cardiac arrest. 14. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Machine: - Use: Recording the electrical activity of the heart. 15. X-ray Machine: - Use: Producing images of the internal structures of the body. 16. Ultrasound Machine: - Use: Visualizing internal organs and structures using sound waves. 17. MRI Machine: - Use: Producing detailed images of internal structures using magnetic fields and radio waves. 18. Fetal Doppler: - Use: Monitoring the fetal heartbeat during pregnancy. 19. Ventilator: - Use: Assisting or replacing spontaneous breathing in patients with respiratory failure. 20. Cautery: - Use: Controlling bleeding by burning tissue

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Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features such as almond-shaped eyes, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. People with Down syndrome often have a range of developmental delays .It occurs in about 1 in 800 births worldwide and is the most common chromosomal condition. Signs 🪧 • Distinct Facial Features: Almond-shaped eyes, flat facial profile, small ears, and protruding tongue. • Low Muscle Tone: Babies may seem floppy. • Intellectual Disability: Mild to moderate. • Delayed Development: Milestones like crawling and walking may be delayed. • Health Issues: Higher risk of heart problems, gastrointestinal conditions, vision, and hearing issues. • Behavior and Personality: Often friendly and affectionate, with some behavioral challenges.

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🔰 Important Facts About Human Body 🔰 ========================= 🔸 Normal Sperm Count: ➖ 250-400 million/ejaculation 🔸 Menstrual cycle: ➖ 28 days 🔸 Menopause age: ➖ 45-50 years 🔸 Blood clotting time: ➖ 3-5 minutes 🔸 Weight of Brain: ➖ 1300-1400 gm in human adult 🔸 Normal Blood Pressure (B.P.): ➖ 120/80 mm Hg 🔸 Average body weight: ➖ 70 kg 🔸 Normal body temperature: ➖ 37 degree celsius 🔸 Breathing Rate at rest: ➖ 12-16/minute 🔸 Number of Spinal Nerves: ➖ 31 pairs 🔸 Largest Endocrine Gland: ➖ Thyroid gland 🔸 Gestation period: ➖ 40 weeks or 9 calendar months 🔸 Normal Heart Beat at rest: ➖ 72 beats per minute 🔸 Largest Gland: ➖ Liver 🔸 Largest Muscle in the body: ➖ Gluteus Maximus or Buttock Muscle 🔸 Smallest Muscle in the body: ➖ Stapedius 🔸 Largest Artery: ➖ Aorta 🔸 Largest Vein: ➖ Inferior Vena Cava 🔸 Largest and longest Nerve: ➖ Sciatic Nerve 🔸 Longest Cell: ➖ Neurons (nerve cells) 🔸 Minimum distance for proper vision: ➖ 25 🔸 Largest and strongest Bone in the body: ➖ Femur (thigh bone) 🔸 Smallest Bone in the body ➖ Stapes in ear 🔸 Number of Cells in the body ➖ 75 trillion 🔸 Volume of Blood in the body ➖ 6 litres (in 70 kg body) 🔸 Number of Red Blood Cells(R.B.C.) ➖ In male: 5 to 6 million/cubic mm ➖ In female: 4 to 5 million/cubic mm 🔸 Life span of Red Blood Cells(R.B.C.) ➖ 100 to 120 days 🔸 Life span of White Blood Cell(W.B.C.) ➖ 3-4 days 🔸 Normal White Blood Cell(W.B.C.) count ➖ 5000-10000/cubic mm 🔸 Time taken by R.B.C. to complete one cycle of circulation: ➖ 20 seconds 🔸 Other name of Red Blood Cell (R.B.C.): ➖ Erythrocytes 🔸 Largest White Blood Cells: ➖ Monocytes 🔸 Smallest White Blood Cells: ➖ Lymphocyte 🔸 Who discovered Blood Group: ➖ Karl Landsteiner 🔸 Blood Platelets count: ➖ 150,000 - 400,000 platelets per micro litre 🔸 Haemoglobin (Hb): ➖ In male: 14-15 gm/100 c.c. of blood ➖ In female: 11-14 gm/100 c.c. of blood 🔸 Hb content in body: ➖ 500-700 gm 🔸 pH of Urine: ➖ 6.5-8 🔸 pH of Blood: ➖ 7.36-7.41 🔸 Volume of Semen: ➖ 2-5 ml/ejaculation 🔸 Pulse rate: ➖ 72 per minute 🔸 Thinnest Skin: ➖ Eyelids 🔸 Weight of Heart: ➖ 200-30

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Some types of psychiatric disorders: 1. Depressive Disorders: - Major Depressive Disorder - Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) - Bipolar Disorder 2. Anxiety Disorders: - Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Panic Disorder - Social Anxiety Disorder - Phobias (specific phobias, agoraphobia) 3. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Hoarding Disorder 4. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders: - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Acute Stress Disorder 5. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: - Schizophrenia - Schizoaffective Disorder 6. Personality Disorders: - Borderline Personality Disorder - Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Antisocial Personality Disorder 7. Eating Disorders: - Anorexia Nervosa - Bulimia Nervosa - Binge-Eating Disorder 8. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: - Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Autism Spectrum Disorder 9. Sleep-Wake Disorders: - Insomnia Disorder - Narcolepsy 10. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: - Substance Abuse - Alcohol Use Disorder *Download the Nurses Hub App* It's important to note that mental health conditions can be complex, and individuals may experience a combination of these disorders. Seeking professional help is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

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some types of phobias: 1. Acrophobia: Fear of heights. 2. Arachnophobia: Fear of spiders. 3. Claustrophobia: Fear of confined spaces. 4. Agoraphobia: Fear of open or crowded spaces. 5. Ophidiophobia: Fear of snakes. 6. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder): Fear of social situations. 7. Glossophobia: Fear of public speaking. 8. Trypophobia: Fear of irregular patterns or clusters of small holes. 9. Thanatophobia: Fear of death. 10. Claustrophobia: Fear of flying. 11. Hemophobia: Fear of blood. 12. Nomophobia: Fear of being without a mobile phone.

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A nasogastric (NG) tube and an infant feeding tube are both types of tubes used in medical settings, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics: Purpose: NG Tube: A nasogastric tube is used for various purposes such as feeding, administering medication, draining stomach contents, or decompressing the stomach. Infant Feeding Tube: An infant feeding tube, also known as a gastric tube or gavage tube, is specifically designed for feeding infants who are unable to feed orally or require supplemental nutrition directly into the stomach. Size and Material: NG Tube: Nasogastric tubes come in different sizes and materials depending on their intended use. They are typically made of flexible plastic or rubber and are available in various lengths and diameters. Infant Feeding Tube: Infant feeding tubes are smaller in diameter and are often softer and more flexible compared to standard NG tubes. They are designed specifically for the delicate anatomy of infants. Placement: NG Tube: A nasogastric tube is inserted through the nose and passed down the esophagus into the stomach. It is secured in place and can be used for short-term or long-term purposes. Infant Feeding Tube: Similar to an NG tube, an infant feeding tube is also inserted through the nose or mouth and passed into the stomach. However, it is specifically sized and designed for use in infants. Usage: NG Tube: In addition to feeding, NG tubes can be used for gastric decompression (removing excess air or fluids from the stomach), administering medications, or collecting gastric samples. Infant Feeding Tube: These tubes are primarily used for feeding infants who are unable to feed orally due to various medical conditions such as prematurity, feeding difficulties, or congenital anomalies. Length of Use: NG Tube: Nasogastric tubes can be used for short-term or long-term purposes depending on the patient's needs. They may be removed once the specific medical purpose is achieved. Infant Feeding Tube: Infant feeding tubes are often used for as long as the infant requires nutritional support or until they are able to feed orally. In summary, while both NG tubes and infant feeding tubes are used for gastrointestinal purposes, the main difference lies in their size, design, intended use (general vs. specific to infants), and the materials they are made from. Suction catheter:- A suction catheter is a medical device used to remove secretions, fluids, or foreign materials from the respiratory tract, primarily from the airways such as the nose, mouth, throat, and trachea. Here are some key points about suction catheters: Design: Suction catheters are typically long, flexible tubes made of medical-grade materials such as plastic or rubber. They may have a smooth or beveled tip to facilitate insertion and suctioning. Purpose: The main purpose of a suction catheter is to clear airway secretions and maintain airway patency in patients who are unable to clear their own secretions effectively, such as those with respiratory conditions, neuromuscular disorders, or during surgery and anesthesia. Indications: Suction catheters are used in various clinical settings, including hospitals, clinics, and home care settings. They are commonly used in patients on mechanical ventilation (endotracheal suctioning), patients with tracheostomies, and those with excessive secretions due to respiratory infections or other medical conditions. Procedure: Suctioning with a catheter involves inserting the catheter into the airway (either orally or through a tracheostomy tube) and applying negative pressure (suction) to remove secretions. The procedure should be performed carefully to minimize trauma to the airway tissues. Types: There are different types of suction catheters available, including closed system catheters (with a valve to minimize exposure to secretions) and open system catheters (without a valve, requiring manual suction control). Precautions: When using a suction catheter, it is important to adhere to proper infection

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A total knee replacement, also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving pain and restoring function in a knee that has been severely damaged, typically due to arthritis or injury. During the surgery, the damaged bone and cartilage are removed from the knee joint and replaced with artificial components made of metal and plastic. The procedure is usually performed under general or spinal anesthesia, and it involves the following steps: 1. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision over the knee to gain access to the joint. 2. Reshaping the bone: The ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) are carefully trimmed and shaped to accommodate the artificial components. 3. Implant placement: Metal components are secured to the ends of the femur and tibia using a special type of cement. Between these components, a plastic spacer is inserted to allow for smooth movement of the joint. 4. Patellar resurfacing: In some cases, the back of the kneecap (patella) may also be resurfaced with a plastic component to improve its movement and reduce pain. 5. Closure: The incision is closed using sutures or staples, and a drain may be put in place to remove excess fluid. Recovery from total knee replacement surgery involves physical therapy and rehabilitation to help regain strength, flexibility, and function in the knee. It's important to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by the surgeon to ensure a successful recovery. It's crucial to note that while total knee replacement can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with severe knee arthritis or injury, it's a major surgery with potential risks and complications. It's essential to have a thorough discussion with a qualified orthopedic surgeon to assess whether this procedure is the right option for you based on your medical history and the severity of your knee condition.

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Mental behavior disorder is a broad term that encompasses a range of conditions that affect an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. These disorders can significantly impact a person's ability to function in their daily life and can cause distress for the individual and those around them. Some common types of mental behavior disorders include: 1. Anxiety disorders: These conditions involve excessive worry, fear, or nervousness that can interfere with daily activities. 2. Mood disorders: These include conditions such as depression and bipolar disorder, which can cause extreme shifts in mood and energy levels. 3. Personality disorders: These disorders involve long-term patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions that can lead to difficulties in relationships and functioning in society. 4. Psychotic disorders: These conditions cause a person to lose touch with reality, often experiencing hallucinations or delusions. 5. Eating disorders: Conditions such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder involve unhealthy eating behaviors that can have serious physical and emotional consequences. 6. Substance use disorders: These involve the misuse of alcohol, drugs, or other substances, leading to significant impairment in daily life. 7. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): This disorder involves difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, often starting in childhood. It's important to note that mental behavior disorders are complex and can have a wide range of symptoms and severity. Treatment for these disorders may include therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and support from mental health professionals.

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Nsg responsibility in drug administration👆

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