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*Rhinitis Medicamentosa* results from the long term
use of nasal decongestants drops, maximum should be for two weeks only.
☘- Tonsillar bed is made up of: ☘
*Superior constrictor
*Glossopharyngeal nerve
*Styloglossus muscle
☘Indications of total laryngectomy☘
1.T3,T4.Post failed radiotherapy
2.uncotrolled perichondiritis.
3.severe laryngeal incompitant.
TB Larynx :
.mouse nibble appearance -> ulceration of posterior part of v.f.
☘Becky's triad = parapharyngeal abscess ☘
*internal swelling
*external swelling
*trismus
☘Trotter's triad: ☘
*Conductive deafness (due to ET obstruction).
*lpsilateral immobility of the soft palate.
*Trigeminal neuralgia " facial pain "
- Rhinolalia clause is caused by bilateral nasal obstruction
- Rhinolalia aperta is caused by defect in the palate
- Hot potato voice is caused by lesions above VC level
- Hoorseness is coused by lesions in the vocal cords (VC)
*Pyramidal lesion leads to slurred speech
*Extra pyramidal lesion leads to monotonous speech
*Cerebellar lesion leads to staccato speech
The larynx and hypopharynx causes *referred otalgia* through Arnold's branch af Vagus, while oropharynx causes referred otalgia through Jackbsan's branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve .
*Pachydermia laryngis is
a hypcrkemtotic lesion involving posterior part of larynx. It is not premalignant.
Biopsy is essential to exclude tuberculosis and cancer.
