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Docent: ํตํ์ ์ฑ
ํ์๋ฅผ ์๋๊ณ ๊ธ์ตํ๊ฒฝ์ง์๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ์ธ๊ธ๋๊ณ ์์ด ๊ทธ์ ๋ํ ๋์จํธ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณจ๋๋ง์ญ์ค์ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ฉํจ. ์์ฅ ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ค์ ํ์ฌ ๊ธ์ตํ๊ฒฝ์ง์๊ฐ ํตํ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ธด์ถ์ ์ธ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๋์ง ์์์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ํ๋๊ณ ์๋๋ฐ ์ค์์ํ์ด ๋ถํธํจ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์์. ์๋
์ญ์จํ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋น์ฐํ ์ผ์ด์ง๋ง, ์ค์ ๊ธ์ตํ๊ฒฝ์ง์๋ ์ค์์ํ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ดํ๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ ์ ์ฑ
์ด์ ์ '๊ธฐ๋'๋ฅผ ๋์ฑ ๋ฐ์ํจ. ๋๋ฌธ์ 2022๋
๋ ์ค์์ํ์ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ์์ ์์์ ๋์ฑ '๊ธด์ถ' ์ํ๋ก ์ด๋ํ์. ๋ง๋ถ์ฌ, ํตํ์ ์ฑ
์ด ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฑ์ฅ๋ฅ ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ์ค๋ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์คํดํ๊ณ ์๋๋ฐ, ๋ฐํด ํ๋ฆฌ๋๋จผ์ ๋ณธ๋ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ตญ๋ด์ด์์ฐ์ '์์ค'๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ด์ด์์ฐ์ '์ฑ์ฅ๋ฅ '์ ๊ตฌ๋ถํด์ ๋ด์ผ ํจ. ๊ทธ๋ ๋ถ๋ช
ํ ํตํ์ ์ฑ
์ด ๊ตญ๋ด์ด์์ฐ์ ์์ค์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ ์ ์ด 12๊ฐ์~16๊ฐ์์ด๋ผ ํ์ง๋ง, ์ฑ์ฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ 2๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ธฐ์ ๋ถ๊ณผํจ. ์์ฅ์ ๊ธ์ตํ๊ฒฝ์ง์์ ๊ธด์ถ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋์ฑ ์ค๋ ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฑ์ฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋จ์ด์ง ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ ์คํดํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณจ๋๋ง์ญ์ค๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ์ด์ ๋ก 2023๋
์ ํตํ์ ์ฑ
์ด ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ต๋๋ฅด๋ ์ง๋ํ ์ญํ ์ ํ์ง ์์ ๊ฒ(Short lags mean less drag in 2023)์ผ๋ก ๋ด.
Why do other forecasters assume longer lags between monetary policy tightening and growth than we do? One, we believe that a tightening in financial conditions begins to affect the economy when financial markets react to expected policy changes rather than when rate hikes are actually delivered. Market pricing of the Fed funds rate increased and financial conditions tightened well before rate hikes were delivered in 2022, which suggests that the drag on growth from tighter policy likely started earlier than the Fed funds rate would suggest on its own. Two, many economic commentators and forecasters confuse lags from monetary policy to GDP growth with lags to GDP levels. In fact, Milton Friedman's assessment that monetary policy acts with โlong and variable lagsโ clearly referred to the time until the peak impact on the level of GDP. Correctly interpreted, Friedmanโs 12-16 month estimate of the time until changes in policy have their peak impact on the level of GDP is consistent with our estimate of a peak drag on the GDP level after six quarters, but on GDP growth after two quarters. The commonly held view that monetary policy changes have a very lagged impact on economic growth therefore seems to largely reflect a misinterpretation of Friedmanโs original comments.
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์ฝ๋ก๋19_์ดํ_์์ฐ์ฑ_๋ณํ์_์ฃผ์_ํน์ง_๋ฐ_์์ฌ์ _Bank_of_Korea.pdf1.77 MB
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Bottom-line: ํ์ ์์ฅ์ ์์ ๋ฒ์ค๋ ํด ๋ณผ์ปค ๊ทธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฎ์ง ์๊ณ ์ค์ค๋ก์ ์ญ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ฒ์ฝ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์. 1970๋
๋ ์์ ๋ฒ์ค๋ ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ ์์ ํ ํต์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธํํ๋ฉฐ ์คํจํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ํ๋ก ์กฐ๋กฑ์ ๋ฐ๊ณ , ํด ๋ณผ์ปค๋ 1980๋
๋ ๋ ์๋ฆฟ์ ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ ํต์ ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํ์ง๋ง ๊ฐ๋น์ผ ํฌ์์ ๊ฐ์ํ์. ํ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์์ ๋ฒ์ค์ฒ๋ผ ์ผ์ฐ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ณ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฆ์ถ์ง๋, ํด ๋ณผ์ปค์ฒ๋ผ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ธฐํ์ง๋ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ ํต์ ํ ์ฌ๋์ผ๋ก ๋จ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๋ฏ ํจ. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋ฌด์ํ๋ ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํฐ ํญ์ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ์์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๊ณ , ์นจ์ฒด ์ํ์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด์ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ์ํญ์ 25bp๋ก ๋ฎ์ถ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์. ๋์์ ์ด ์ ์ฑ
์ด ์ฑ๊ณตํ๋จ ํ์ ์ ์ป๊ธฐ ์ ๊น์ง ํ์ฌ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ ๋งํ ๊ฒ์. ์ด ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ๋ต์ ์ค๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
, ์์๋ณด๋ค ๋์ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ ์ง๋ฉดํ ์ํ์ ๋ดํฌํ์ง๋ง, ์ต๊ทผ ์ ์ฑ
์
์์๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์ ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
๊ณผ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ ์ชฝ์ ํฌ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ ์งํ ์ธ์ ์๊ธ ์งํ์์๋ ์๋ํ ์ ์๊ธธ ๋ฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์์ด๋ณด์.
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell is trying to avoid emulating both the derided Arthur Burns and the celebrated Paul Volcker as he confronts intense pressure to rein in inflation and sidestep a recession. Ex-Fed chief Burns let inflation get out of control in the 1970s by failing to keep monetary policy tight enough for long enough to permanently beat back price pressures. Volcker then conquered double-digit inflation in the 1980s, but the victory came at an enormous expense: A painfully deep economic downturn that pushed unemployment above 10%. โPowell wants to write his own page in the history books as someone who, unlike Burns, did not blink and reverse too soon, and, unlike Volcker, did not intentionally cause a recession,โ said Vincent Reinhart, chief economist at Dreyfus and Mellon who previously spent a quarter century working at the Fed. The result: After aggressively raising interest rates last year to catch up with a price surge they initially dismissed, policymakers are expected to downshift to a quarter-percentage-point hike this week as they probe for a policy stance tight enough to tame inflation without a recession. Powell is likely to accompany that with a promise to keep rates elevated for some time and not ease policy before the Fed is certain it has price pressures in check. Thereโs a lot that could go wrong with this hybrid strategy. Oil prices and inflation could flare anew โ a distinct possibility now that China is reopening the worldโs second-largest economy โ forcing the Fed to revisit rate hikes later in the year. Conversely, unemployment could rise by more than the modest amount policymakers expect as they hew to a tight policy stance to combat inflation. Fed officials from both sides of the policy spectrum have recently sounded more optimistic about the central bankโs chances of engineering a soft landing that moderates price gains without crunching the economy. Behind the optimism: A fall in inflation. The personal consumption expenditures price index โ the Fedโs favorite gauge โ rose 5% in December from a year earlier, down from 7% in June though still well above the central bankโs 2% goal. Fed officials have also been heartened by signs of a slowdown in rapid wage growth, which theyโre hoping will be confirmed by the release of the latest employment cost index, a broad measure of compensation, at the start of their two-day policy meeting Tuesday.
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Market Reaction: ๋จผ์ ๋ฐํ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฑ์ฅ๋ฅ ์ธ๋ถ์ฌํญ์์ ์ง์ํ ์ ์๋ ๋ถ๋ถ์ด์๊ธฐ์ ์๋ก์ด ์ ๋ณด๋ก์จ ์์ฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์ง ๋ชปํจ.
Meanwhile, personal spending was in line with expectations on a monthly basis, though there was a downward revision to prior data -- of course, all of this was implicit in yesterdayโs GDP figure, so there isnโt really any new news here.
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Bottom-line: ์ค์์ํ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ ์ฒ๋ ์ค ํ๋๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์งํ(๊ฐ์ธ์ด ์๋นํ ๋ฌผํ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ๋ค์ ํ๊ท ๋ฌผ๊ฐ ์์น ์ ๋)๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋๋ฆฐ ์๋์ ์ฆ๊ฐํญ์ ๋ณด์๊ณ , ์๋น ์ง์ถ ๋ํ ๋ํ ๋๋ฉด์ ์ค์์ํ์ด ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ ์ฝํ๊ฒ ํด์ผ ํ ๋น์์ฑ์ ์ค.
The Federal Reserveโs preferred inflation measures eased in December to the slowest annual paces in over a year while consumer spending fell, affirming expectations for policymakers to further downshift the pace of interest-rate hikes. The personal consumption expenditures core price index, which excludes food and energy, rose 4.4% in December from a year earlier, Commerce Department data showed Friday. The overall gauge climbed 5% year-over-year, still well above the Fedโs 2% goal but both were the slowest paces since late 2021. From a month earlier, the core gauge โ which Fed Chair Jerome Powell has stressed is a more accurate measure of where inflation is heading โ was up 0.3%. The overall PCE price index increased 0.1%.
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โข ์ฌ๋ด
โ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์นดํ๋กโ
: ๋ผ๋ฅด ๋ ์นดํ
ํ๋์ค ํ๋ฆฌ ์ฌํ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํ ๋ฒ์ฏค์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ๋ ์คํ์
ํฐ ์ปคํผ ์ ๋ฌธ์ โ๋ผ๋ฅด ๋ ์นดํโ๊ฐ ์์ธ์ ์๋ฅํ๋ค. ์ง์ญ๊ณผ ๋์ฅ, ๊ฐ๊ณต๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ง์ ์๋ํ๋ ์คํ์
ํฐ ์๋๋ก ์ปคํผ ๋ง๋์๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์ ์ ํ์ด ๋ ๊ณณ์ด๋ค. ์ง๋ํด 11์ ์์์ ์ต์ด๋ก ์คํํ ์์ฌ์ ์ ์ด์ด ์ต๊ทผ ๋์ฐ์ 2ํธ์ ์ ์คํํ๋ค. ์ถ์ฒ ๋ฉ๋ด๋ ์นดํ ์๋กฑ์ .
: ํ์น๋
ธ ์์คํ๋ ์ ๋ฐ
๋ฐฐ์ฐ ์ ํ์น๋
ธ(Al Pacino)๊ฐ ๋ด์์ ํ ์นดํ์์ ์์คํ๋ ์๋ฅผ ๋ง์๋ ์ฌ์ง ํ ์ฅ์์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ์คํํ โํ์น๋
ธ ์์คํ๋ ์ ๋ฐโ. ์ ํ์น๋
ธ์ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ๋๋ณด์ด๋ ์ํ <์ค์นดํ์ด์ค>์ ํ ์ฅ๋ฉด์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌํํด ์ด์ ์ ์๋ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ๋ก ์์ฑํ๋ค. ์ปคํผ ๋ํ ๋ฐ์ด๋ ๋ง์ ์๋ํ๋๋ฐ, ์๋๋ถํฐ ์์คํ๋ ์์ ์ต์ ํํ ๋ฏธ๋์ ๋คํฌ๋ก ๋ณถ์ ์ปคํผ ์ด๋งค๊ฐ ์ง๋ ํน์ ์ ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ ๋ง์ ๋์ด๋ด๊ณ ๊ณ ์ํจ์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ค. ์๊ทธ๋์ฒ ๋ฉ๋ด๋ ์์คํ๋ ์์ ์ปคํผ ํฌ๋ฆผ์ ์น์ด ๊พธ๋ํ๊ณ ๋ฌ๊ฒ ๋ง์๋ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ํด๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฉ๋ด ํ์น๋
ธ.
: ๋ฏธ๋ดํธ ๋น ์์ฉ
๋ค์ดํ์ฐ๋, ๋ฆฌํ๋ฅ, ๋
ธํฐ๋ ๋ฑ์ ์ด๋๋ F&B ๋ธ๋๋ GFFG๊ฐ ์นด๋ฉ์ปคํผ์ ํ์
ํด ์คํํ ์ถ๋ฌ์ค ์ ๋ฌธ ๋์ ํธ ์นดํ โ๋ฏธ๋ดํธ ๋น ์์ฉโ. ์ถ๋ฌ์ค์ ๋ณธ๊ณ ์ฅ ์คํ์ธ ๋ง์ ๊ทธ๋๋ก ๊ตฌํํ ๋์์ ํ๊ตญ์ธ์ ์
๋ง์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์์ฒด ๊ฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฐฐํฉํ ๋ฐ์ฃฝ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ญํจ์ ์ด๋ ธ๋ค. ๊ฐ ํ๊ฒจ๋ธ ์ถ๋ฌ์ค๋ ๋ฅ ์ด์ฝ, ํ์ดํธ ํฌ๋ฆผ, ์ค์ํธ ์น ๋ฆฌ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅดํธ, ๋
์ฝฉ ์ด์ฝ ๋ฐ๋๋ ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ๋ํ ์์ค์ ํจ๊ป ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ถ๋ฌ์ค์ ์ฐฐ๋ก๊ถํฉ์ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ์ปคํผ ๋ฉ๋ด ๋ํ ๋์น์ง ๋ง ๊ฒ.
: ์ด๊ธ๋ฆฌํผํผ
๋์ฐ๊ณต์ ์ธ๊ทผ์ ์์นํ ์ ์ ๋ฒ ์ด์ปค๋ฆฌ ์นดํ โ์ด๊ธ๋ฆฌํผํผโ๋ ํ๋์ค ์ธ๊ณฝ ๋์๋ก ์ฌํ์ ๋ ๋ ๋ฏํ ์ฐฉ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ๋ฌ์ผ์ผํค๋ ์ธํ
๋ฆฌ์ด๊ฐ ์ธ์์ ์ด๋ค. ํฅ๊ธํ ์ปคํผ์ ๋ค์ํ ๋นต์ ๊ณ๋ค์ผ ์ ์์ด ๋นต์์ด๋ค์ ๋ง์์ ์ ๊ฒฉํ๋ ๊ณณ. ์ง๋ํด 11์์ ์คํํ์์๋ ์ ์ฌ์๊ฐ์ด๋ฉด ๊ธด ์จ์ดํ
์ค์ด ๋์ด์ค ๋งํผ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฏธํธํ์ด์ ์์ ๋ฐ๋๋ผ ์ฌ๊ณผ์ผ์ ๋ฃ์ด ๋ง๋ ์ ํ ์ผ์ก, ๋ธ๊ธฐ ์ฟจ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ์ํผํ๊ณ ์งํ ๋ง์ ๋ธ๊ธฐ ์น์ฆ ์ผ์ดํฌ ํ๋ฅดํธ๊ฐ ์๊ทธ๋์ฒ ๋ฉ๋ด๋ค.
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ํธ์ฃผ ๋ฌ๋ฌ(ํ๋์)์ ์ฝ์คํผ ์ง์(ํ์์)์ ์ต๊ทผ 5๋
๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ์ถ์ด. ๐ฅ
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Bottom-line: ๋ํ์ ์ํ์์ฐ ์งํ ์ค ํ๋์ธ ํธ์ฃผ๋ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ 7๊ฐ์๋ ๊ณ ์ ์ ๋ ์์ ๋๊ณ ์์. ํธ์ฃผ๋ฌ๋ฌ ์ ๋ฌผ์ ํตํ ์๋งค๋ ๊ท๋ชจ๊ฐ ํฌ๊ฒ ์ค์์ง๋ง, ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋งค๋ ํ์ ์ฌ์ง๊ฐ ์์. ์ต์
์์ฅ์์๋ ํธ์ฃผ๋ฌ๋ฌ ์ฝ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ ์ํ๋ก ์ ์ง ์ค์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ์ถ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ธ ์ ์ด๋ค์ ํ๋งค์๊ฐ ๊ธฐํญ์ ์ญํ ์ ํ ์ ์์. ์ด ์ธ์๋ ์ค๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌด์ญ๊ด๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์์์ฌ ์์ถ์ด ์์ง๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ์ํค๋ ๊ฒ๋ ํตํ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ค ๊ฒ์.
AUD/USD sits just below its 7-month high with leveraged shorts gradually being squeezed out of their positions. Further short covering could be the catalyst for the next wave of Aussie dollar strength. There is still a large net short position from leveraged traders according to CFTC data, which looks more and more untenable as the currency gains. Similarly in the options complex, the risk reversal skew suggests that positioning for a weaker Aussie still hasnโt been fully unwound. Moreover, Chinaโs economy reopening is another positive for the Aussie as it boosts the trade balance with demand for commodities including iron ore and coal. The stellar China box office numbers for the Lunar New Year period underlines the reopening story has more to run. The next barrier for AUD/USD to challenge looks like the 0.7283 peak from June.
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Making Sense of Scary Survey Data, Goldman Sachs ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ฉฐ, ์ค๋ฌธ์ ์ํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ๊ฒ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ ๋๋น ์ค๋ฌผ์ ์ํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๊ฐ ๊ฒฌ์กฐํจ์์ ์ค๋ ์์ฅ ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ค์ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ์ ๋ํด ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ํด์ฃผ๋ ์๋ฃ, ๋ฌด์ญ๋ถ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋น๋กฏํด ๋๋๋ก ์ง๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ์ค์ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์๋๋ฐ, ์ด ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๋๋ฐ ๋์์ด ๋ ์ ์์.
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๋ฌ๊ถ์ก๋ ๋งค(์ค์์ํ, ๐ฅ)๋ฅผ ์ํ๋ ค๊ณ ์์ ๋๋ ๊ฒ(๐ฅถ), ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ํ๋๋ก ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฑธ ํจ์ถํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ข๋ค.
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Implication: ์ค์์ํ์ ์ ํ์ ์ธ ์นจ์ฒด๋ณด๋ค ์ฝํ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ํ๊ณ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์์ค์ ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ ํต์ ํ๊ธธ ์ํ์. ์ด๋ฒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 4๋ถ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฑ์ฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฉ์์ฅ ์งํ๋ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฅํด ๋ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ๋ค๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ฉ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค์์ํ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋๋ก์์.
The US economy beat expectations in the last quarter of 2022, posting the kind of mild slowdown that the Federal Reserve wants to see as it attempts to tame inflation without choking off growth. Economists who dug into the details, though, saw enough warning signs โ especially in weakening demand among American consumers โ to suggest that a recession remains a big risk this year. Gross domestic product rose at a 2.9% annualized pace, down from 3.2% in the third quarter. A separate report on labor markets published Thursday also pointed to a resilient economy, rather than one on the verge of a slump, with weekly jobless claims unexpectedly falling.
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