KMTC NURSING LIBRARY

Kenya HIV prevention and Treatment Guidelines

Dictionary of Nursing

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Myocardial Infarction explained

Common Signs and Symptoms. 1.Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)—low-gradeafternoon fever. 2.Pneumonia—rust-colored sputum. 3.Asthma—wheezing on expiration. 4.Emphysema—barrel chest. 5.Kawasaki Syndrome—strawberry tongue. 6.Pernicious Anemia—red beefy tongue. 7.Down syndrome—protruding tongue. 8.Cholera—rice-watery stool and washer woman’s hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration). 9.Malaria—stepladder like fever with chills. 10.Typhoid—rose spots in the abdomen. 11.Dengue—fever,rash, and headache. Positive Herman’s sign. 12.Diphtheria—pseudomembrane formation. 14.Measles—Koplik’s spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa). 15.Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—butterfly rash. 16.Leprosy—leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin). 17.Bulimia—chipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling). 18.Appendicitis—rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point. Rovsing’s sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ). Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip). 19.Meningitis—Kernig’s sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees), Brudzinski’s sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips). 20.Tetany—hypocalcemia, [+] Trousseau’s sign; Chvostek sign. 21.Tetanus— Risus sardonicus or rictus grin. 22.Pancreatitis—Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of the umbilicus), Grey Turner’s sign (bruising of the flank). 23.Pyloric Stenosis—olive like mass. 24.Patent Ductus Arteriosus—washing machine-like murmur. 25.Addison’s disease—bronzelike skin pigmentation. 26.Cushing’s syndrome—moon face appearance and buffalo hump. 27.Grave’s Disease (Hyperthyroidism)—Exophthalmos(bulging of the eye out of the orbit). 28.Intussusception—Sausage-shaped mass. 29.Multiple Sclerosis—Charcot’s Triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, and dysarthria. 30.Myasthenia Gravis—descending muscle weakness, ptosis (drooping of eyelids). 31.Guillain-Barre Syndrome—ascending muscles weakness. 32.Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)—Homan’s Sign. 33.Angina—crushing, stabbing pain relieved by NTG. 34.Myocardial Infarction (MI)—crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left shoulder, neck, and arms. Unrelieved by NTG. 35.Parkinson’s disease—pill-rolling tremors. 36.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection—Owl’seye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells). 37.Glaucoma—tunnel vision. 38.Retinal Detachment—flashes of light, shadow with curtain across vision. 39.Basilar Skull Fracture—Raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) and Battle’s sign (mastoid ecchymosis). 40.Buerger’s Disease—intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking). 41.Diabetic Ketoacidosis—acetone breathe. 42.Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)—proteinuria, hypertension, edema. 43.Diabetes Mellitus—polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria. 44.Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)—heartburn. 45.Hirschsprung’s Disease (Toxic Megacolon)—ribbon-like stool. 47.Sexual Transmitted Infections: 48.Herpes Simplex Type II—painful vesicles on genitalia 49.Genital Warts—warts 1-2 mm in diameter. 50.Syphilis—painless chancres. 51.Chancroid—painful chancres. 52.—green, creamy discharges and painful urination. 53.Chlamydia—milky discharge and painful urination. 54.Candidiasis—white cheesy odorless vaginal discharges. 55.Trichomoniasis—yellow, itchy, frothy, and foul-smelling vaginal discharges.

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