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Governor’s Quota in Bihar Legislative Council (MLC) 1. Constitutional Provision -Article 171(3)(e): 1/6th of the total members of a State Legislative Council are nominated by the Governor. -Article 171(5): The nominated persons should have special knowledge or practical experience in: Literature, Science, Art, Cooperative Movement and Social Service 2. Is the Governor bound by the Council of Ministers? Yes. The Governor ordinarily acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers (Article 163), unless the Constitution expressly grants discretion. Hence, nominations under Article 171(3)(e) are generally made on the recommendation of the State Cabinet. 3. Composition of a State Legislative Council (Article 171) 1/3 – Elected by Local Authorities. 1/12 – Elected by Graduates. 1/12 – Elected by Teachers. 1/3 – Elected by Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). 1/6 – Nominated by the Governor. 4. Can a Minister be appointed without being an MLA/MLC? Yes. Article 164(4): A person who is not a member of the State Legislature can be appointed as a Minister, but must become an MLA or MLC within 6 months; otherwise, they cease to be a Minister. 5. Oath of an MLC Every MLC takes oath/affirmation under Article 188 before taking his/her seat. #BIHARspecial #POLITY

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Operation Jal Rahat--> Assam flood relief work #CA2026

Aruna Asaf Ali #HISTORY

Possible Essay Themes -Modernisation vs Westernisation -Changing Family Values in India -Respect for the Elderly: Measure of a Civilised Society -Youth, Social Media & Declining Empathy -Indian Culture in the Age of Globalisation Essay Points -English-speaking urban elite increasingly equates “modernity” with Western behaviour, often viewing traditional Indian values as outdated. -Ageism is becoming socially acceptable-mocking old age has entered stand-up comedy, social media and even everyday language. -Ridiculing elders has become a tool for social bonding and signalling upward mobility, reflecting a worrying cultural shift. -Generational conflict is not new-Shakespeare’s King Lear remains one of the strongest literary examples of neglect and humiliation of parents. -Indian literature also condemns disrespect towards elders-the Mahabharata and Premchand’s Betonwali Vidhwa portray the moral consequences of abandoning the elderly. -Youth is temporary, but old age is universal; therefore, empathy must replace arrogance. -A truly modern society combines scientific progress with compassion, dignity and respect, not merely Western lifestyles. -Cruelty should never become a cultural ideal-Indian civilisation upholds Ahimsa and Anrishamsya (non-cruelty) as enduring ethical values. Quote “The true test of civilisation is not how a society celebrates its youth, but how it treats its elderly.”