Medical notes

#Glasgow_Criteria_for_prognosis_of_Acute #Pancreatitis---:- ...(.#PANCREAS) *P-----PaO2 <60mmHg *A-----Age >55years *N-----Neutrophilic leukocytosis >15000/cmm *C-----Serum Ca <2mmol/L *R-----(Renal) Urea >16mmol/L *E-----(Enzymes) LDH>600 U/L, ALT>200 U/L *A-----Albumin <32gm/L *S-----(Suger) Glucose >10mmol/L #Score more than 3 out of 9 indicate Bad prognosis.

⭕️The symptoms of retropharyngeal abscess include:- 📍difficulty or noisy breathing. 📍difficulty swallowing. 📍pain when swallowing. 📍drooling. 📍fever. 📍cough. 📍severe throat pain. 📍neck stiffness or swelling. 📍muscle spasms in the neck. #ENT @clinicalnote

🖇Acute frontal sinusitis=frontal headache "periodic". 🖇The most common cause of viral rhinosinusitis is rhinovirus. 🖇The most common cause of bacterial rhinosinusitis is streptococcus pneumoniae. 🖇The most common site of nasal polyp is anterior ethmoidal sinus. 🖇Nasal polyp are most commonly bilateral except antrochonal polyps is mostlyunilateral. 🖇 The most common type of chronic rhinitis is vasomotorrhinitis. 🖇Lupus+leprosy=perforation in cartilaginous part of nasal septum. 🖇Syphilis=perforation in bony part of nasal septum. 🖇Young child presented with unilateral nasal obstruction and offensive discharge=foreign body. 🖇Muddy discharge=fungal infections. #ENT @clinicalnote

Any one needs books send me massage name of book? @U_aseen

🖇Bull Neck=Diphtheria. 🖇The main symptom of acute upper respiratory tract obstruction is stridor. 🖇The most common causative organism of common cold is rhinovirus. 🖇The most common cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction in children is CROUP. 🖇The most common foreign body in children is peanuts. 🖇The best way to remove foreign body is rigid bronchoscopy. @clinicalnotes

Duloxetine is the first-line therapy recommended in NICE guideline for management of peripheral neuropathy @clinicalnote

Hemochratosis classic triad : cirrhosis DM skin pigmemtation @clinicalnote

Virchow triad = *Stasis *Hypercoagulability *Endothelial damage @clinicalnote

Budd-Chiari syndrome : *hepatomegaly+ ascites+ *abdominal pain

Please all members share this link @clinicalnote

I need assistance admin....who is one can to help me send massage

⭕️Causes of facial palsy. -CSOM. -Malignant otitis externa. -Herpes simplex auticus. ⭕️The commonest causes of ET closure. -Inflamatory:rihnitis tonsilitis. -Adenoid in children. -NPC IN adult. ⭕️Brain abscess is the most lethal complication of CSOM/common in males. ⭕️ Common site of labyrinthin fistula's is lateral semicircular canal. ⭕️Croup is the most common cause of acute airway obstruction in children/more in males+winter. ⭕️ The most common systemic factor of epistaxis is HT in old age. ⭕A common factor of epistaxis is trauma. ⭕Foreign body and nasal picking in children. ⭕The common site is a wood area. ⭕A common site of bleeding is the sphenopalatine artery. ⭕️Anterior epistaxis is more common. ⭕️ Posterior epistaxis is more dangerous. ⭕️The most common cause of rhinitis and sinusitis in Sudan is allergy. ⭕️The commonest benign neoplasm is juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. ⭕️A common malignant neoplasm is NPC. ⭕The most common presenting symptom of NPC is a bilateral enlargement of cervical  LN. ✔️Rt abducent palsy is the commonest single cranial nerve affected in NPC. ⭕️ The most common site from which NPC originates is the fossa of Rossenmollar. ✔️95% of NPC is squamous cell type. ✔️NPC more in males. ⭕️The most common infectious vertigo is viral. ⭕The commonest fungal rhinosinusitis in Sudan is ASP flavus. ⭕️The commonest fungal rhinosinusitis worldwide is ASP fumigatus. ✔️ The common site is ethmoid sinus. ✔️Maxillary sinus is common in bacterial sinusitis. ⭕️ The most common cause of CHL is ear wax. ⭕️Otosclerosis is common in females in Sudan. ⭕️OM with E is more common in children and can lead to adhesive otitis OM. ⭕️Acute tonsilitis is common in children. ⭕️AOM is the 2nd most common in children after RTI. ✔️More in male. ✔️Peak in 1st 2 years common in 6-12 ms. ✔️More in winter. ⭕️Posterior large perforation, ossicular disruption ___>more HL. ⭕️Otitis externa is more painful than otitis media. ⭕️Stridor is harsh raspy noise due to partial obstructions of URT. ⭕️A common ex of labyrinthitis is SNHL due to bacterial meningitis. ⭕️The most common laryngeal cancer is the glottis. ⭕️The most common Malignant sinonasal tumor is SCC. ⭕️The most common tumor in mid ear is glomus jugulare. ✔️2nd of temporal bone. ✔️More in females. ✔️More in left ear. ✔️ The common symptom is pulsatile tinnitus. ⭕️ Commonly nasal perforation is due to nasal picking. ⭕️The commonest cause of nasal polyp is allergic rhinitis/common in asthmatics. ⭕️A common benign tumor in dry areas is nasal hemangioma. ⭕️OE is common in swimmers/in hot humid weather. ⭕️The commonest cause of tonsilitis is beta-hemolytic strep.

⭕️Unilateral nasal obstruction and foul smelling nasal discharge are characteristic for nasal FB.

The most common organism that cause acute epiglottitis is H. Influenzae type B Also other organisms  cause acute epiglottis as Staphylococcus Streptococcus , Pnemoccoi  while Parainfluenza virus cause croup disease #ENT

Griesinger's sign is Edema & tenderness over the posterior border of the mastoid process. #ENT

Most common cause of common cold is Rhinovirus

♣️ Normal oestrogen + high testosterone + LH high + FSH normal + high FSH and LH ratio is = Polycystic Ovarian syndrome. ♣️ Tall + lack of secondary sexual characteristics + Gynaecomastia + low testosterone + high LH FSH + firm small tests is = Klinefilters syndrome ♣️ lethargy , weakness + anorexia + nausea , vomiting + weight loss + hyperpigmentation at palmer or buccal mucosa + loss of pubic hairs + hypotension + high K + Low sodium is = Addison’s disease ♣️ Sepsis / surgery/ steroid withdrawal/infection + hypotension + hypothermia + syncope + convulsions + hyponatremia + hyperkalaemia + hypoglycaemia is = Addisonian crisis ♣️ Low ACTH + no skin pigmentation + no hyperkalaemia + BP normal + low Cortisol + normal aldosterone is = secondary hypoadrenalsim. ♣️ Thyrotoxicosis + goitre + autoantibodies + Thyroid eye disease is = Graves disease. ♣️ Weight gain + intermittent sweating + hypoglycaemia (feel hungry, sweaty , tremors, diplopia, weakness ),+ early in morning or just before meal + high insulin + high c peptide + high proinsulin :insulin ratio is = Insulinoma ♣️ sweating + confusion + headache + hunger + tremors + diplopia = Hypoglycaemia ♣️ Family history+ high plasma Calcium + low Urine calcium is = Familial hypocalcuric hypercalcemia ♣️ Hyponatermia + urine sodium more than 20 + low plasma osmolality less than 270 + high urine osmolality more than 1000 or more than 300 is = SIADH ♣️ Viral infection + tender Goitre + high ESR + globally reduced uptake on radioactive iodine(,or no uptake) + initially hyperthyroidism then hypothyroidism is = Sub acute (De Quervain's ) thyroiditis.

Cushing Syndrome with Associated hypokalemia suggests severe hypercortisolism and is most often seen with ectopic ACTH-producing tumors.

Any one need like this videos @U_aseen