Medical notes

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome • Dysphagia (esophageal) • Glossitis • Iron defciency anemia • Stomatitis

Wellens Syndrome: - biphasic or deeply inverted T waves in V2-3, plus a history of recent chest pain. It is highly specific for critical stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD).

🛑Sickle cell disease  in pregnancy ✅Aspirin 75mg od should be considered for women with SCD from 12 weeks gestation, aiming to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. ✅ SCD carries a higher risk of VTE. This should be included in the VTE risk assessment for these women and thromboprophylaxis prescribed as appropriate. ✅ LMWH thromboprophylaxis will usually need to start at 28 weeks gestation but may need to be started prior to this if additional VTE risk factors exist. ✅Thromboprophylaxis should be administered (if not contraindicated) whilst in hospital and for minimum of 7 days following vaginal delivery or 6 weeks following C-section.

Just_remember *Hot&tender hands>>hyperthroidisim *cold&tender hands>>raynauds phenomena

#Israel_against_humanity #stopinvasion New scenes documenting the massacre of hundreds of martyrs and wounded in the courtyard of the National Arab Hospital in Gaza after the Israeli occupation aircraft bombed the hospital. It is noteworthy that the hospital contained thousands of displaced people after the occupation asked them to evacuate their homes. 🇵🇸... This is the real Holocaust.”

· #Just_remember Main causes of hyperprolactinaemia include all the followings: *Hypothal.tumor *Pitut.adenoma *P.hypothyroidisim *CRF *Liver cirrhosis *pregnency *drugs

Cauda equina syndrome presentation.  ● Low back pain ● Uni- or bilateral sciatica ● Saddle anaesthesia ● Motor weakness in the lower extremities ● Variable rectal and urinary symptoms

Type of shock important to know 👇🏼 Respiratory Shock Trauma to the respiratory tract (trachea, lungs) that causes a reduction of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Body cells cannot receive enough oxygen. Neurogenic Shock Injury or trauma to the nervous system (spinal cord, brain). Nerve impulse to blood vessels impaired, blood vessels remain dilated and blood pressure decreases. Cardiogenic Shock Myocardial Infarction with damage to heart muscle; heart unable to pump effectively. Inadequate cardiac output. Body cells do not receive enough oxygen. Hemorrhagic Shock Severe bleeding or loss of body fluid from trauma, burns, surgery, or dehydration from severe nausea and vomiting. Blood pressure decreases, thus blood flow is reduced to cells, tissue, and organs. Anaphylactic Shock Results from reaction to substance to which patient is hypersensitive or allergic (allergen extracts, bee sting, medication, food). Outpouring of histamine results in dilation of blood vessels throughout the body. Metabolic Shock Body's homeostasis impaired; acid-base balance disturbed (diabetic coma or insulin shock); body fluids unbalanced. Psychogenic Shock Shock caused by overwhelming emotional factors. Sudden dilation of blood vessels results in fainting because of lack of blood supply to the brain. Septic Shock An acute infection, usually systemic, that overwhelms the body (toxic shock symdrome). Poisonous substances accumulate in bloodstream and blood pressure decreases, impairing blood flow to cells, tissues, and organs. 💡

Causes_of_neutropenia *Decreased production *Inability to be transferred from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood (ineffective production) *Increased margination-sequestration (pseudoneutropenia) *Increased destruction

🔘《Intrauterine Infections》 Causes《Cataract》In Newborns     🔹Rubella 🔹Herpes simplex 🔹Varicella 🔹Toxoplasmosis 🔹Syphilis

#Please_Remember Never diagnose Rheumatic fever on the basis of arthralgia&raised ASO/ ESR but on the basis of modified jone's critirea.

Acute ischaemic stroke 1st line treatment : Upto 6 hours : Thrombolysis Effectiveness is less after 4.5 hours. More than 6 hours : Aspirin 300 mg. ( FCPS , MRCP )

How to differentiate between breast milk jaundice and breastfeeding jaundice? Breast feeding jaundice :- failure of breast feeding in the first 3 days of birth due to small amount of breast milk which leads to dehydration and eventually jaundice . treatment is supportive Breast milk jaundice :- occurs usually in 2nd week of life it may reach (10-30 mg/dl) and may prolong till 3rd or 4th week Tx stop breastfeeding for 24-48hr and give bottel feeding #pediatric  #notes

Iron deficiency plus dysphagia suggests Plummer-Vinson syndrome. The esophageal webs and dysphagia will disappear once iron is replaced.

Acute chest syndrome should be treated with careful hydration, adequate  analgesics, O2, and either transfusion to a hemoglobin of 10 g/dL or exchange transfusion if the hemoglobin is already ≥10 g/dL. In addition, antibiotics to cover for S pneumoniae, H influenzae, Neisseria, M pneumoniae, and C pneumoniae should be  administered.