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2 Ques on Our Rockets👇 With reference to India’s satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements: (2018) 1. PSLVs launch the satellite useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites. 2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth. 3. GSLV Mk III is a four staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 only Consider the following statements with regard to involvement of private entities in India's space programme: (2026) 1. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) is an autonomous agency formed to facilitate participation of private entities. 2. Agnikul Cosmos launched the world's first flight using 3D-printed rocket engine. 3. Skyroot Aerospace has developed liquid fuel for GSLV. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2 and 3

19. Maternity Leave for Athletes: Gender Equality in Sports Current Affairs: Maternity protections for elite athletes are increasingly being incorporated into sports policies to ensure that pregnancy and childbirth do not unfairly jeopardise careers, rankings or participation opportunities. Fact 1: Maternity protection is linked to the broader principle of gender equality and non-discrimination. Fact 2: Sports federations can provide measures such as ranking protection, maternity leave and return-to-competition provisions. 20. Gig Economy: Expanding Social-Security Coverage for Platform Workers Current Affairs: India's social-security framework is increasingly focusing on extending protections to gig and platform workers, including through mechanisms contemplated under the Social Security Code. Fact 1: Gig workers generally perform work outside the traditional employer–employee relationship. Fact 2: The Code on Social Security, 2020 specifically recognises gig workers and platform workers as categories requiring social-security measures. 21. PCA Pending Trials: Judicial Delays and Criminal Justice Current Affairs: Pending trials in PCA cases highlight concerns over delays in the criminal-justice system and the need for faster adjudication of corruption-related offences. Fact 1: The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 is India's principal anti-corruption legislation. Fact 2: The Act was substantially amended in 2018, including changes relating to the offence of bribery and prior sanction for prosecution of certain public servants. 22. NRC in Manipur: Citizenship Documentation and Identity Debate Current Affairs: Demands concerning an NRC-type citizenship verification exercise in Manipur remain connected with debates over illegal immigration, indigenous identity and demographic concerns. Fact 1: The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register intended to identify Indian citizens. Fact 2: The NRC exercise completed specifically under the Supreme Court-monitored process relates to Assam, where the final register was published in 2019. 23. Thailand’s Amnesty Act: Political Reconciliation and Legal Relief Current Affairs: Thailand's proposed amnesty measures have been linked to efforts to address politically motivated cases and long-running divisions arising from periods of political unrest. Fact 1: Thailand has experienced repeated episodes of military intervention and political instability since the 20th century. Fact 2: Amnesty generally removes or extinguishes specified criminal liability or punishment for acts covered by the relevant law.

10. Mettur Dam: Cauvery Water Management and Irrigation Current Affairs: Mettur Dam remains crucial to Tamil Nadu's Cauvery irrigation system, with water releases influencing the agricultural cycle of the Cauvery delta. Fact 1: Mettur Dam is built across the Cauvery River in Tamil Nadu. Fact 2: Its reservoir is known as Stanley Reservoir. 11. Water Hyacinth: Invasive Aquatic Weed and Ecosystem Threat Current Affairs: Uncontrolled water-hyacinth growth continues to threaten water bodies by forming dense mats that restrict oxygen availability, navigation and sunlight penetration. Fact 1: Water hyacinth is scientifically known as Eichhornia crassipes. Fact 2: It is a free-floating aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin and is highly invasive outside its native range. 12. Wakefield Accelerator: Advancing Particle-Acceleration Technology Current Affairs: Wakefield acceleration remains an important research frontier for developing compact particle accelerators capable of achieving extremely high accelerating gradients. Fact 1: Plasma wakefield acceleration uses a plasma wave to accelerate charged particles. Fact 2: Wakefield accelerators can potentially achieve much higher accelerating gradients than conventional radio-frequency accelerator structures. 13. GSLV-F19: India’s Heavy-Lift Launch Capability Current Affairs: The GSLV programme continues to strengthen India's ability to launch heavier payloads into geostationary transfer orbit, complementing the PSLV and emerging LVM3 capabilities. Fact 1: GSLV uses a cryogenic upper stage. Fact 2: India's cryogenic technology is important for launching heavier communication satellites towards geostationary orbit. 14. OpenAI’s Astra: AI-Powered Visual and Multimodal Assistance Current Affairs: OpenAI's Astra-related work represents the development of AI assistants capable of interpreting real-time visual information and interacting through multimodal inputs. Fact 1: Multimodal AI can process more than one type of input, such as text, images, audio and video. Fact 2: Real-time visual AI requires systems capable of interpreting continuous visual context, rather than only analysing a single static image. 15. INS Nipun: Strengthening India’s Naval Mine-Countermeasure Capability Current Affairs: India's naval mine-countermeasure capabilities have received attention as the Navy seeks to strengthen its ability to detect and neutralise underwater mines and explosive threats. Fact 1: INS Nipun is associated with India's mine-countermeasure capabilities. Fact 2: Mine-countermeasure operations involve activities such as mine detection, identification and neutralisation. 16. AVM Shakti Sharma: Indian Air Force Leadership and Senior Command Current Affairs: The appointment and elevation of senior officers such as Air Vice Marshal Shakti Sharma highlight the IAF's continuing focus on specialised operational and command leadership. Fact 1: Air Vice Marshal is a two-star rank in the Indian Air Force. Fact 2: The IAF's commissioned rank structure broadly progresses from Flying Officer to Air Chief Marshal. 17. Distinguished Jurists: Constitutional Route to Supreme Court Current Affairs: Recent discussion surrounding Supreme Court appointments has renewed attention to the constitutional provision allowing a distinguished jurist to qualify for appointment as a judge. Fact 1: Article 124(3)(c) recognises a distinguished jurist, in the President's opinion, as one possible qualification. Fact 2: This route is distinct from the qualifications based on being a High Court judge or an advocate of a High Court. 18. EVM Totaliser: Proposal for Aggregated Vote Counting Current Affairs: The EVM Totaliser has periodically resurfaced in electoral-reform discussions as a mechanism for aggregating votes from multiple polling stations before revealing constituency-level results. Fact 1: A Totaliser is intended to aggregate votes from several polling stations. Fact 2: Its proposed use has been associated with protecting the secrecy of voting patterns at individual polling-station levels.

1. GDP Growth: India’s Economic Expansion and Structural Trends Current Affairs: India's real GDP growth remained strong, with Q1 FY2026–27 growth at 7.8%, supported by manufacturing, investment and services activity. Fact 1: GDP measures the value of final goods and services produced within a country's territory during a given period. Fact 2: Real GDP is measured at constant prices, removing the effect of price changes. 2. CAD Dynamics: India’s External Sector and Balance of Payments Current Affairs: India's Current Account Deficit (CAD) remains closely watched as oil prices, merchandise imports, services exports and remittances influence the external balance. Fact 1: CAD records transactions involving goods, services, primary income and secondary income between residents and non-residents. Fact 2: A CAD does not necessarily imply a balance-of-payments crisis because it can be financed through capital and financial inflows. 3. GST Revenue: Strengthening Indirect Tax Collections Current Affairs: Strong GST collections continue to indicate robust formal economic activity, with monthly gross GST revenues remaining above the ₹2-lakh-crore level in recent months. Fact 1: GST is a destination-based indirect tax. Fact 2: The GST Council is a constitutional body established under Article 279A. 4. Russian Oil Imports: India’s Energy Security and Sanctions Challenge Current Affairs: India continues to balance its purchases of Russian crude with concerns over Western sanctions, shipping restrictions and energy-security requirements. Fact 1: India is heavily dependent on imports for its crude-oil requirements. Fact 2: Russian crude is processed in Indian refineries, with India also exporting some of the resulting refined petroleum products. 5. Semicon 2.0: India’s Next Phase of Semiconductor Development Current Affairs: India Semiconductor Mission 2.0 seeks to deepen India's semiconductor ecosystem beyond fabrication into areas such as design, equipment, materials and supply-chain capabilities. Fact 1: Semiconductor fabrication involves manufacturing integrated circuits on silicon wafers. Fact 2: The original India Semiconductor Mission was established under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). 6. Indus Waters Treaty: India–Pakistan Water Diplomacy Current Affairs: India continues to maintain that the Indus Waters Treaty is in abeyance, following the deterioration in bilateral relations. Fact 1: The 1960 treaty was brokered with the assistance of the World Bank. Fact 2: It allocates the eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas and Sutlej—to India, while the western rivers—Indus, Jhelum and Chenab—are primarily allocated to Pakistan, subject to specified Indian uses. 7. Himalayan Disasters: Rising Climate and Geological Risks Current Affairs: Recent Himalayan floods, landslides and glacial hazards have intensified concerns about the region's vulnerability to climate change and geological instability. Fact 1: The Himalayas are a young fold mountain system formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. Fact 2: Himalayan hazards include earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, GLOFs and cloudbursts. 8. Himalayan Risk Monitoring: Early Warning and Disaster Preparedness Current Affairs: Authorities are strengthening monitoring of Himalayan hazards through satellite observations, glacial-lake assessments and early-warning systems. Fact 1: Remote sensing can help monitor glacier extent, glacial lakes, landslides and land-use changes. Fact 2: An effective early-warning system requires hazard monitoring, risk assessment, communication and timely response capability. 9. Stubble Burning: Satellite Monitoring and Air-Pollution Challenge Current Affairs: Satellite-based fire detection continues to be used to monitor crop-residue burning, particularly in Punjab, Haryana and adjoining regions. Fact 1: Stubble burning after paddy harvesting releases pollutants including PM2.5, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Fact 2: Satellite fire detection commonly uses thermal/infrared signatures of active fires.

Important points related to these news👆 are given below👇

Here are top headlines (05th September 2026) from The Hindu and The Indian Express: 1. GDP Growth: India’s Economic Expansion and Structural Trends 2. CAD Dynamics: India’s External Sector and Balance of Payments 3. GST Revenue: Strengthening Indirect Tax Collections 4. Russian Oil Imports: India’s Energy Security and Sanctions Challenge 5. Semicon 2.0: India’s Next Phase of Semiconductor Development 6. Indus Waters Treaty: India–Pakistan Water Diplomacy 7. Himalayan Disasters: Rising Climate and Geological Risks 8. Himalayan Risk Monitoring: Early Warning and Disaster Preparedness 9. Stubble Burning: Satellite Monitoring and Air-Pollution Challenge 10. Mettur Dam: Cauvery Water Management and Irrigation 11. Water Hyacinth: Invasive Aquatic Weed and Ecosystem Threat 12. Wakefield Accelerator: Advancing Particle-Acceleration Technology 13. GSLV-F19: India’s Heavy-Lift Launch Capability 14. OpenAI’s Astra: AI-Powered Visual and Multimodal Assistance 15. INS Nipun: Strengthening India’s Naval Mine-Countermeasure Capability 16. AVM Shakti Sharma: Indian Air Force Leadership and Senior Command 17. Distinguished Jurists: Constitutional Route to Supreme Court 18. EVM Totaliser: Proposal for Aggregated Vote Counting 19. Maternity Leave for Athletes: Gender Equality in Sports 20. Gig Economy: Expanding Social-Security Coverage for Platform Workers 21. PCA Pending Trials: Judicial Delays and Criminal Justice 22. NRC in Manipur: Citizenship Documentation and Identity Debate 23. Thailand’s Amnesty Act: Political Reconciliation and Legal Relief

80 Tests _Prelims Test Series for 2027 Prelims! (65 GS + 15 CSAT) Covers last 2 Years of Current affairs as well Our past test series Performance👇 2019-28 questions 2020-40 questions 2021-49 questions 2022-61 questions 2023-51 questions 2024-48 questions 2025-52 questions 2026-38 questions 👉 Join here: https://upscwithnikhil.com/course/prelims For queries, Contact us at upscwithnikhil@gmail.com ⌛️Enroll now!