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🇮🇳 India launched Operation Brahma🦾 in the early hours today to assist earthquake-hit Myanmar.☺️
📀India has conducted numerous military operations and humanitarian efforts with other countries, including evacuations, relief missions,☺️ and joint military exercises,😊 such as 👇👇
🧺Operation Ganga -Ukraine (2022)
🧺Operation Kaveri - Sudan(2023)
🧺Operation Maitri - Nepal(2015)
🧺Operation Devi Shakti - Afghanistan(2021)
🧺Operation Samudra Setu - Other Countries(2020)
🧺Operation Sankat Mochan - South Sudan(2016)
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✅ Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar are set to host 80% of the sports events for the 2036 Olympics, with the remaining 20% spread across four other states.
Details 🔗 http://toi.in/GFDFVY
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Music related Questions asked in SSC GD
1. Lakshmi Vishwanathan – Bharatanatyam dancer, Natya Kalanidhi Awardee.
2. 'Natyashastra' – Ancient text on performing arts by Sage Bharata.
3. Sangeet Natak Akademi – Established in 1953 for music, dance, and drama.
4. Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar – Not awarded in Literature.
5. Lalgudi Gopala Jayaraman – Carnatic music maestro, Padma Bhushan awardee.
6. Muthuswami Dikshitar – Carnatic music composer and poet.
7. RD Burman – Introduced Rock 'n' Roll to Hindi music.
8. Yella Venkateswara Rao – Indian mridangam percussionist.
9. Mukund Nayak – Sangeet Natak Akademi Award 2017 for Folk Music.
10. Ramnad V. Raghavan – Mridangam exponent.
11. Jagjit Singh – Renowned Ghazal singer.
12. Sikkil Mala Chandrasekhar – Flute artist.
13. Pt. Ravi Shankar – Sitar player, collaborated with The Beatles.
14. RD Burman – First to introduce Brazilian Bossa Nova in Hindi music.
15. Bholanath Prasanna – Flute maestro.
16. Zakir Hussain – Tabla player from Punjab Gharana.
17. Rashid Khan – Classical vocalist, Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana.
18. Arnab Chakrabarty – Sarod artist.
19. Bombay Jayashri – Carnatic singer, honored by Tamil Nadu.
20. Dakshinamurthy Pillai – Mridangam player.
21. Emani Sankara Sastry – Carnatic Veena player, innovator of contact microphones.
22. Muthuswami Dikshitar – Composer of Carnatic music.
23. Shankar Mahadevan – 'Breathless' song released in 1998.
24. Bhupinder Singh – Sangeet Natak Akademi Award 2015 for Sugam Sangeet.
25. Rattan Mohan Sharma – Mewati Gharana artist.
26. AR Rahman – Music composer of Slumdog Millionaire.
27. Anil Srinivasan – Indian pianist.
28. Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar – Gwalior Gharana exponent.
29. Ustad Asad Ali Khan – Rudra Veena maestro.
30. Kumar Sanu – Guinness record for 28 songs recorded in a day (1993).
31. MM Keeravani – Composer of Naatu Naatu (RRR).
32. Kishore Kumar – Did not sing Yaari Hai Imam Mera Yaar Meri Zindagi.
33. Badshah – Stage name of rapper Aditya Prateek Singh Sisodia.
34. Neha Kakkar – Female singer of London Thumakda.
35. Neeti Mohan – Rose to fame with Ishq Wala Love (2012).
36. Rahul Sipligunj & Kalabhairava – Singers of Naatu Naatu, Golden Globe-winning song.
37. Dalchand Sharma – Pakhawaj exponent, Nathdwara Gharana.
38. Pt. Ishwari Prasad – Associated with Lucknow Kathak Gharana.
39. Shruti Sadolikar – Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana classical singer.
40. MS Subbulakshmi – Carnatic singer, performed at the UN.
41. Ananda Shankar – Known for Streets of Calcutta & Dancing Drums.
42. Bismillah Khan – Shehnai maestro, born in Dumraon, Bihar.
43. Ustad Ali Akbar Khan – Composer of Raga Laswanti.
44. Begum Akhtar – Titled Queen of Ghazals.
45. Bismillah Khan – Performed at Red Fort on India’s Independence (1947).
46. SP Balasubrahmanyam – Recipient of Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan & Padma Vibhushan.
47. Pt. Birju Maharaj – Filmfare Best Choreography Award (2016) for Bajirao Mastani.
48. VP & Shanta Dhananjayan – Sangeetha Kala Vibhushan awardees (2020).
49. Sankirtana – Manipur's traditional dance and singing form, UNESCO-listed in 2013.
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Dances Asked in SSC GD
1. Shovana Narayan is associated with Kathak.
2. Bharatanatyam is known for Ekaharya (one dancer, many roles).
3. Kuchipudi originated in Kuchelapuram, Krishna district.
4. Manipuri dance uses ‘Pung’ as the main instrument.
5. 'Roppi' is a folk dance from Arunachal Pradesh.
6. Karnataka started the 'Shantala Natya Sri Award' in 1995.
7. Bhangra is a popular dance form of Punjab.
8. Shovana Narayan performs Kathak.
9. Bharatanatyam originated in Tamil Nadu.
10. Chhau dance was recognized as UNESCO Intangible Heritage in 2010.
11. Guru Chemancheri Kunhiraman Nair was associated with Kathakali.
12. The Tanjore Quartet codified Bharatanatyam in the 19th century.
13. Kathakali is derived from 'Balarama Bharatam' and 'Hastalakshana Deepika'.
14. Kathakali integrates four aspects of Abhinaya and 'Nritta', 'Nritya', 'Natya'.
15. Rukmini Devi Arundale is associated with Bharatanatyam.
16. Popir dance is performed by the Galo tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.
17. Mayurbhanj Chhau is a tribal dance of Odisha.
18. ‘Ladaladi’ is a Bhil folk dance featuring a bride and groom lifted on shoulders.
19. Yamini Krishnamurthy was 'Asthana Narthaki' of Bharatanatyam & Kuchipudi.
20. Sangeet Natak Akademi decided to give 9 dance awards in 2011.
21. Kelucharan Mohapatra is not associated with Kathakali.
22. Thanjavur Quartet revived and codified Bharatanatyam.
23. Kathak is the principal classical dance of Northern India.
24. Rigveda mentions dance (Nrti) and danseuse (Nrtu).
25. Ishira & Maulik Shah received the Sangeet Natak Akademi award in 2018 for Kathak.
26. Rajashree Shirke was awarded for Kathak.
27. T Balasaraswati performed Bharatanatyam.
28. Sattriya dance developed in Assam monasteries.
29. Sonal Mansingh received Padma Vibhushan in 2003.
30. Kunbi tribal dance is performed in Goa.
31. Narthaki Nataraj is India's first transgender Bharatanatyam dancer, Padma Shri 2019.
32. Srimanta Sankardev introduced Sattriya dance in Assam.
33. Sankardev was the founder of Sattriya dance.
34. Kathak dancers Kamalini & Nalini Asthana (Padma Shri 2022) belong to Uttar Pradesh.
35. Rukmini Devi Arundale founded Kalakshetra Institute in Chennai.
36. Sattriya dancer Oli Jerang belongs to Arunachal Pradesh.
37. T Balasaraswati, a Padma Vibhushan awardee, was a Bharatanatyam dancer.
38. Bharati Shivaji, a Padma Shri recipient, was associated with Mohiniyattam.
39. Villu Pattu is a folk dance of Tamil Nadu.
40. Birju Maharaj received Padma Vibhushan in 1986.
41. 'Abhinaya Darpana' by Nandikesvara is a key text for Bharatanatyam.
42. Mohiniattam belongs to Kerala.
43. Saroja Vaidyanathan (Padma Shri & Padma Bhushan) was a Bharatanatyam dancer.
44. Sarayu Sai won the Natya Kalajyoti Award (2006) for Bharatanatyam.
45. CV Chandrasekhar (Padma Bhushan) performed Bharatanatyam.
46. Nritya Chudamani Award is given by Sri Krishna Gana Sabha.
47. The Kinnauris of Himachal Pradesh perform Losar Shona Chuksam dance.
48. Hampi Dance Utsav is celebrated in Karnataka.
49. Mudiyettu, a ritual dance drama of Kerala, was listed as UNESCO Intangible Heritage in 2010.
50. Kalamandalam Gopi, a Padma Shri awardee, is famous for Kathakali.
51. Giddha is a folk dance of Punjab.
52. Raas-Leela symbolizes Manipuri dance based on Radha-Krishna love.
53. Mohiniattam evolved under King Swathi Thirunal of Travancore.
54. Puru Dadheech received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2018 for Kathak.
55. Kathak belongs to Northern India.
56. Mrinalini Sarabhai won a gold medal in 1968 for choreography from Mexico.
57. Swimmer Srihari Nataraj belongs to Karnataka.
58. Kalamandalam Kshemavathy Pavithran, a Mohiniyattam dancer, belongs to Kerala.
59. Tapan Kumar Patnaik won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2018 for Chhau dance.
60. Andhra Pradesh presents the Nandi Award for best choreographer annually.
61. Sangeet Natak Akademi Award includes ₹1,00,000, an Angavastram, and a Tamrapatra.
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Festivals asked in SSC GD
1. Mamallapuram Dance Festival – Celebrated in Tamil Nadu, featuring Indian classical dances.
2. Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan – Celebrated on Gandhi Jayanti.
3. Thrissur Pooram – A vibrant temple festival of Kerala.
4. Bundi Utsav – Celebrated in Rajasthan.
5. Kalinga Mahotsav – Celebrated in Odisha.
6. Ali-Aye-Ligang – A spring festival in Assam.
7. Durga Puja – A UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage from West Bengal.
8. Chapchar Kut – A harvest festival of Mizoram.
9. Cheiraoba – New Year festival of Manipur.
10. Sanjhi – Celebrated in Punjab.
11. Gudi Padwa – Marathi New Year festival.
12. Gombe Habba – A doll festival celebrated during Navaratri in Karnataka.
13. Uzhavar Thirunal – Farmers festival in Tamil Nadu.
14. Sarhul – Celebrated in Jharkhand.
15. National Unity Day – Not a national festival of India.
16. Thaipusam – Celebrated in Tamil Nadu.
17. Onam – A ten-day festival in Chingam month (Aug/Sep) in Kerala.
18. Bushu, Yemshe, Tokhu Emong – Tribal festivals of Nagaland.
19. Dhrang Fair – A two-day festival in Gujarat honoring Saint Mekran Dada.
20. Pongal – Harvest festival dedicated to the Sun God in Tamil Nadu.
21. Junbeel Mela – A unique barter festival in Assam.
22. Hornbill Festival – Celebrated in Nagaland.
23. Bohag Bihu (Rongali Bihu) – Assamese New Year festival.
24. Raja Festival – Celebrates womanhood in Odisha.
25. Losar Festival – Celebrated by the Monpas in Arunachal Pradesh.
26. Kullu Dussehra – Local name of Dussehra in Himachal Pradesh.
27. Konark Festival – Celebrated in Odisha.
28. Bihula Festival – Worship of serpent goddess Mansa in Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand.
29. Shigmo Festival – Celebrated in Goa.
30. Hornbill Festival – Begins on 1st December in Nagaland.
31. Republic Day – Celebrated on 26th January.
32. Halda Festival – Celebrated in Himachal Pradesh.
33. Good Friday – Mainly observed by the Christian community.
34. Dhanu Yatra – Odisha’s open-air theatre festival based on Krishna Leela.
35. Reh and Boori Boot – Predominantly celebrated in Arunachal Pradesh.
36. Bohag Bihu – Assamese New Year and harvest festival.
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✅ 16 March
💉National Vaccination Day & National Immunization Day
Theme25: "Vaccines for All: Ensuring a Healthier Future”
💉 This day was first observed in 1995 when India launched the Pulse Polio Programme and administered the first dose of oral polio vaccine.
💉 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), even today, nearly 20 million children worldwide remain unvaccinated.
💉 National Vaccination Day is observed in recognition of India's Pulse Polio Programme, a remarkable initiative to eradicate polio from the country.
💉 In 2014, WHO declared India a polio-free nation.
💉 Edward Jenner discovered vaccine for smallpox.
🟢 NEWS
🔷Uttar Pradesh Adopts Digital Monitoring For Routine Child Vaccination Through RISE App
🏢 Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Minister : Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda
Constituency: Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh
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In a groundbreaking experiment, Italian scientists have achieved the unprecedented feat of "freezing" light, making it exhibit supersolid properties. The study, published on March 5 in Nature, represents a significant milestone in quantum physics, as it is the first time light has been manipulated to behave like a supersolid, a rare phase of matter.
A supersolid is a unique state where matter combines the ordered structure of a solid while flowing without friction like a superfluid. This phenomenon has only been observed in ultracold atomic gases near absolute zero temperatures. In this experiment, researchers successfully induced light to mimic this behavior for the first time.
The team used a photonic semiconductor platform made of aluminum gallium arsenide. By directing laser light into this system, they caused photons to behave like a Bose-Einstein condensate—a state in which particles move in unison at extremely low temperatures. As the number of photons increased, they formed a condensate and transitioned into a supersolid state, displaying both structural density patterns and superfluid characteristics.
This breakthrough opens new possibilities for understanding quantum phases of matter and could have significant implications for future technological advancements in quantum physics.
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🏆 ICC CHAMPIONS TROPHY 2025 🏆
- Host: Pakistan 🇵🇰
- Final Venue: Dubai, UAE 🇦🇪
🎖 Champion: India 🇮🇳 (3rd Title)
- Runners-up: New Zealand 🇳🇿
- Final Match Date: March 9, 2025
- Final Score: India 254/6 (49 overs) defeated New Zealand 251/7 (50 overs) by 4 wickets
🎖 Notable Awards:
- Player of the Series: Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand 🇳🇿)
- Most Runs: Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand 🇳🇿) - 263 Runs
- Most Wickets: Matt Henry (New Zealand 🇳🇿) - 10 Wickets
🎖 Key Highlights:
- India 🇮🇳 clinched their third ICC Champions Trophy title.
- The final match held in Dubai witnessed a thrilling competition.
- Rachin Ravindra from New Zealand 🇳🇿 emerged as a standout player with significant contributions in both batting & overall performance.
- Matt Henry's exceptional bowling performance for New Zealand 🇳🇿 secured him the title of the highest wicket-taker of the series.
- Rohit Sharma of India scored 76 runs in 83 balls & was named the Player of the Match.
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1. Constitutional & Political Reforms
Nehru Report (1928) – Proposed constitutional reforms & self-governance.
Sapru Committee (1945) – Examined princely states' integration into the Indian Union.
The Dhar Commission, also known as the Linguistic Provinces Commission in 1948 to study the reorganization of states in India
Shah Commission (1977) – Inquired into Emergency excesses (1975-77).
Mandal Commission (1979) – Recommended OBC reservation.
Sarkaria Commission (1983) – Center-State relations & federalism.
M.M. Punchhi Commission (2007) – Reviewed Center-State relations.
Justice Verma Committee (2012) – Post-Nirbhaya case, stricter rape laws.
Kelkar Committee (2002) – Direct & indirect tax reforms.
Chelliah Committee (1991) – Economic liberalization & reforms.
Arvind Subramanian Committee (2017) – GST structure & rates.
Bimal Jalan Committee (1996) – Banking sector reforms.
Fazal Ali Commission (1953) – Linguistic-based state reorganization.
Rajmannar Committee (1969) – Bank nationalization impact.
Ashok Mehta Committee (1977) – Three-tier Panchayati Raj system.
L.M. Singhvi Committee (1986) – Strengthening Panchayati Raj institutions.
Vijay Kelkar Committee (2015) – Public-Private Partnership (PPP) framework.
Kasturirangan Committee (2017) – National Education Policy 2020.
Lodha Committee (2015 & 2016) – BCCI reforms after IPL scandal.
Shyam Benegal Committee (2016) – Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) reforms
Committees on Poverty Line estimation
1. Alagh Committee 1979
2. Lakdawala Committee 1993
3. Tendulkar Committee 2009
4. Rangarajan Committee 2014
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1. . Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) (2015) – Energy-efficient lighting.
2. Jal Shakti Abhiyan (2019) – Water conservation initiative.
3. Digital India (2015) – Promote digital services and infrastructure
4. SAMPADA Scheme (PMKSY) (2017) – Food processing sector development.
5. PM KUSUM Yojana (2019) – Solar energy in agriculture.
6. Matsya Sampada Yojana (2020) – Fisheries sector development.
7. PM DevINE Scheme (2022) – Development for Northeast India.
8. Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme (2020) – Tax dispute resolution.
9. PM Gati Shakti Yojana (2021) – Multi-modal infrastructure development.
10. PM SVANidhi Scheme (2020) – Micro-loans for street vendors.
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Global Environmental Policies and Agreements:
1. The Paris Agreement, 2015
2. The Kyoto Protocol, 1997
3. The Montreal Protocol, 1987
4. The Stockholm Convention, 2001
5. The Ramsar Convention, 1971
6. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992
7. Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 2015
8. Basel Convention, 1989 (on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes)
