Anatomy'Dr' & 7abasat

Red: costochondral joint, type: primary cartilaginous Yellow: Sternochondral joint, type: primary cartilaginous Purple: Costochondral joint, type: primary cartilaginous Pink: Sternocostal joint, type: synovial joint Black: Xiphisternal joint, type: cartilaginous joint.

Marki🚶🏻‍♂💚: Branches of Main Arteries in thorax and upper limb : 1) Right coronary artery: - right conus - right marginal - posterior interventricular - atrial branch - ventricular branch - SA node branch - AV node branch ------------------------------------- 2) Left coronary artery: - Anterior interventricular - Left conus - Left marginal - atrial branch - ventricular branch - circumflex ------------------------------- 3) Subclavian artery: -1st part: Vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk which gives (inferior thyroid, suprascapular, superficial cervical) -2nd part:((in the right side)) costocervical trunk -3rd part: dorsal scapular ------------------------------------------ 4) Internal thoracic: - anterior intercostal - mediastinal - perforating - pericardiophrenic - superior epigastric - musculophrenic ----------------------------------

Marki 💚🚶🏻.: Joints of the thorax:- 1) Intervertebral disc: secondary cartilagenous 2) Manubriosternal: secondary cartilagenous 3) costochondral: primary cartilaginous 4) sternocostal: 1st rib primary cartilaginous the rest synovial 5) xiphisternal: primary cartilaginous 6) costovertebral: synovial plane 7) interchondral: synovial plane 8) sternoclavicular: synovial saddle

Root values : 1- long thoracic nerve 》C5. c6. c7 2- phrenic nerve 》c3.c4.c5 3- nerve to subclavius 》C5. c6 4- suprascapular nerve 》C5. c6 5- lateral pectoral nerve 》 C5.c6.c7 6- musculocutaneous nerve 》C5. c6.c7 7- upper & Lower subscapular nerve》C5. c6 8-thoraco dorsal nerve 》c6.c7.c8 9- axillary nerve 》C5. c6 10- Medial pectoral nerve 》c8.T1 11- ulnar nerve 》c8.T1 12- radial nerve 》C5. c6.c7.c8.T1 13- median nerve》C5. c6.c7.c8.T1 14- vagus nerve 》10th cranial nerve

Dj Snake 🖤: 🔥 Surface marking and auscultation :- 1- Aortic valve in the right second intercostal space 2- Pulmonary valve in the left second intercostal space 3- Tricuspid valve in the 5th or 6th intercostal space 4- Mitral valve in the 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

DJ snake 🖤: 📍Root value of phrenic nerve C3-C4-C5 It supplies Diaphragm and Sensory innervation to Pericardium 📍Root value of vagus never is C10 which gives cardiac - esophageal - pulmonary branches .

Mention 3 structures found in hilum of the lung?. Mention 4 differences between right and left lung ?. Mention the nerve supply of the following: A) mediastinal pleura B) costal pleura C) cervical pleura D) Diaphragmatic pleura E) visceral pleura What is the level of carina ?. Mention the venous drainage of the thorax on the left side. Mention 3 impressions found in right lung or left lung?. Mention 3 events at the plane of Ludwig?. Mention 4 structures found in the following : A) superior mediastinam B) posterior mediastinam Mention 3 branches of internal thoracic artery. Mention 3 structures found in the costal groove?. Mention the type of ribs according to the attachment to the sternum?. What is the surface marking of the apex of the heart?. Mention 3 differences between the right & left ventricles. Mention 3 branches of the arch of Aorta. Mention 2 branches of Ascending Aorta. Mention 3 branches of descending Aorta. Mention 2 structures pass through the caval opening and it's level. Mention 3 structure pass through the aortic opening and it's level. Mention 3 structures pass through the esophageal opening and it's level. Mention 4 branches of right coronary artery. Mention 4 branches of left coronary artery. Mention 2 arterial anastomosis at the apex of the heart. Mention 4 tributaries of coronary sinus . Mention 5 opening in the right atrium. Artery--> arteriole-->capillary-->venule--> vein Mention the position and auscultation site of the following valves: A) pulmonary valve B) mitral valve C) tricuspid valve D) aortic valve Function of the following muscles: A) External intercostal B) Internal intercostal C) Diaphragm Mention the blood supply of the breast. Dermatome of the nipples.

Tributaries of azygos vein 💛✨ 1.eight lower right intercostal 2. right superior intercostal vein 3. Superior hemiazygos vein 4. Inferior hemiazygos vein 5.mediastinal veins

* azygos vein formed by the union of right ascending lumbar vein & right subcostal vein

*The azygos vein is a vein running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is blocked.

*The thoracic duct usually starts from the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebrae (T12) and extends to the root of the neck. It drains into the systemic (blood) circulation at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins, at the commencement of the brachiocephalic vein.

*superior vena cava formed by right & left Brachiocephalic veins

Branches of aorta💛✨ 1_brachiocephalic artery 2_left common carotid artery 3_left subclavian

👉 Pleura ✔️Nerve supply * costal pleura > intercostal nerve * Mediastinum pleura > phrenic nerve * Diaphragmatic pleura > over domes by phrenic nerve ~ around the periphery by lower 6 intercostal nerve * Visceral pleura > pulmonary plexus

👉 Lung ✔️ Blood supply * Bronchi , connective tissue of lung & visceral pleura & lower third of trachea >>>>> supplied by bronchial arteries ✔️ lymph drainage * superficial plexus or sub-pleural * Deep plexus ✔️ Nerve supply * pulmonary plexus > formed from branches of sympathetic trunk and receive para sympathetic fibers from vagus nerve

👉 Pericardium Lies within middle mediastinum , posterior to body of sternum (2nd to 6th costal cartilage) And posterior to 5th to 8th thoracic vertebrae . Fibrous pericardium attachment to sternum by sternopercardium ligament ✔️ blood supply * Pericardiocphrenic arteries * Muscular phrenic arteries ✔️ Nerve supply * fibrous pericardium and parietal layer > phrenic nerve * Visceral layer > branches of sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve

👉 Heart ✔️ surfaces of the heart 1- sternocostal ( anterior ) 2- diaphragmatic ( inferior ) 3- baae ( posterior ) * apex > downward forward to left in 5th intercostal space ( mid clavicular line ) 1- sternocostal surface * formed by right atrium & right ventricular 2- diaphragmatic surface * R. Ventricular & L . Ventricular 3- base * left atrium 4- apex * left ventricular 5- Right border * Right atrium 6- left border * left ventricular and part of left auricle 7- lower border * Right ventricular and right atrium ✔️ Walls of the heart * epicardium * Myocardium * Endocardium Myocardium covered externally by epicardium and internally by endocardium ✔️ opening in right atrium * superior vena cava * Inferior vena cava * Coronary sinus * Right atrioventricular orifice **in fetal > Forman ovals** ✔️ opening in left atrium * 4 pulmonary veins * Left atrioventricular orifice

1-Intervertebral joint : secondary cartilaginous joint. 2-The joint between the first rib and sternum : primary cartilaginous joint. 3-All remanent ribs with sternum : synovial plane joint. 4-Manubriosternal joint : secondary cartilaginous joint. 5-Joint of head of rib with corresponding vertebral body : synovial plane joint. 6-sternoclavicular joint : synovial saddle joint. 7- Xiphisternal joint : primary cartilaginous joint. 8-Acromioclavicular joint : synovial plane joint. 9- joint of rib and intercostal cartilages (costochondral) : Primary Cartilaginous joint

لل Thorax ركزو على قرايه الحاجات دي لل Theory 👇 * blood supply of heart * intercostal muscle ( & diaphragm ) كل وحده منهم ال nerve & blood supply & action * pericardium & pleura ال blood supply & nerve supply * difference between right & left lung * coronary sinus tributaries * atypical & typical ( nerve & rib ) * mediastinum * openings in diaphragm and structure pass through it * content of hilum of the lung

1. jugular notch ( T2-T3 intervertebral disc ) 2. angle of Luis ( T4-T5 intervertebral disc ) ✨3. bifurcation of trachea الحاجات الي بتحصل في ال level تبعها. ✨ 4. termination of thoracic duct ✨ 5. anastomosis in ( heart )