Anatomy'Dr' & 7abasat

لل Thorax ركزو على قرايه الحاجات دي لل Theory 1. blood supply of heart 2. intercostal muscle ( & diaphragm ) كل وحده منهم ال nerve & blood supply & action بسيطات مرو عليهم على السريع. 3. pericardium & pleura ال blood supply & nerve supply 4. difference between right & left lung ✨5. coronary sinus tributaries هالسؤال بيكرروه كثير DR & THEORY 6. atypical & typical ( nerve & rib ) الفروقات. DR , THEORY ✨7. mediastinum Content. ✨8. openings in diaphragm and structure pass through it 9. content of hilum of the lung 10. ال valves of heart لازم لازم لازم لازم لازم يجي سؤال عليها. إن شاء الله. سواء كان ال surface anotomy. Or site of auscultation of heart valves. لاتنسو ال coronary artery. ✨

Embryology : 1- Muscle : Mesoderm 2- Artery : Mesoderm 3- Vain : Mesoderm 4- Bone : Mesoderm 5-Cartilage : Mesoderm 6-Tendon : Mesoderm 7-Ligament : Mesoderm 8-Skin : Ectoderm 9-Nerve : Ectoderm 10-Nails : Ectoderm 11-Hair : Ectoderm 12-Lung : Lung bud 13-Trachea: laryngiotracheal tube 14-Heart : Heart tube 15-Fossa ovale : septum primum 16-Anuls ovale : septum secundrum 17-Crista terminals : sinus venosus 18-musculi pectinati : primitive atrium 19-Esophegus : forgut 20-Diaphragm : septum transversum give arise to central tendon of diaphragm and muscle of it .

☆A patient with a knife wound to the front of the left wrist is seen in the emergency department. Examination reveals that two superficial tendons on either side of the median nerve have been severed. Which of the following tendons are these? a) The flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus tendons b) The flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profundus tendons c) The flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis tendons d) The brachioradialis and pronator teres tendons e) The abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis tendons

☆ A 14-year-old boy fell of a wall and fractured his right humerus at midshaft. The wrist joint immediately assumed a flexed position that the patient was unable to correct. Extension and supination of the forearm was weakened but not abolished, and skin sensation over the lateral side of the dorsum of the hand was diminished. Select the one peripheral nerve, that if damged, could account for these symptoms and signs. a) The ulnar nerve b) The median nerve c) The radial nerve d) The axillary nerve e) The musculocutaneous nerve

Nerve supply • Biceps brachii , coracobrachialis , brachialis by ( muscculocutaneous nerve ) • triceps ( radial nerve ) • all flexor muscle of arm ( anterior aspect ) supplied by ( median nerve ) , except ( flexor carpi ulnaris by ulnar nerve ) ( flexor policies longus , pronator quadratus by anterior interosseous from median nerve ) ( muscle with double enervation flexor digitorum profunda by median and ulnar nerve ) • ( brachioradialis , extensor carpi radilais longus , anconeus by radial nerve ) ( extensor carpi radialis brevis , extensor digitorum , extensor digiti minimi , extensor carpi ulnaris , supinator , extensor pollicis brevis and longus , extensor indicis , abductor pollicis longus by deep branch from radial nerve )

joint of the upper limb > synovial joints - shoulder joint > synovial ball and socket joint - Elbow joint > synovial hinge joint - Acrominoclavicular joint > synovial plane joint - Sternoclavicular joint > synovial saddle joint - Superior radioulnar joint > & inferior radioulnar joint > synovial pivot joint - Wrist joint > synovial condyloid joint - Carpometacarpale joint > synovial saddle joint - Metacarpal phalangeal joint > synovial condyloid joint - Interphalangeal joint > synovial hinge joint

عندكم عضلات بيكون عنها دبل innervation. مثل 1. Pectoralis major - medial pectoral nerve and lateral pectoral nerve 2. Brachialis - musculocutaneou s nerve and radial nerve 3. Adductor magnus - obturator nerve and tibial 4. Pectinous- femoral nerve and obturator nerve 5. Flexor pollicis brevis- median and ulna nerve 6. Flexor digitorum profundus- anterior interosseous branch of median nerve and ulnar nerve 7. Biceps femoris- long head by tibial , short head by peroneal

وطبعا من ال spaces المهمة والي لقيتلها اسئله كثير متكرره. ديل. ✨✨✨3 space in scapula Triangular space 1 Triangular space 2 Quadrangular space مع ال content & boundaries.

✨✨1. Root value of nerve of brachial plexus ✨✨2. branches of axillary artery ( 3 parts ) 3. nerve supply to anterior compartment of arm ( musculucutenus ) 4. nerve supply to posterior compartment of arm ( radial nerve ) ✨✨5. cubital fossa ( boundaries , content ) ✨✨6. muscle of shoulder region ✨7. muscle of rotator cuff ✨8. muscle of pectoral region ✨9. snuff box ( boundaries and content ) ✨10. structure pass above retinaculum

Joints : 👇 joint of the upper limb > synovial joints - shoulder joint > synovial ball and socket joint - Elbow joint > synovial hinge joint - Acrominoclavicular joint > synovial plane joint - Sternoclavicular joint > synovial saddle joint - Superior radioulnar joint > & inferior radioulnar joint > synovial pivot joint - Wrist joint > synovial condyloid joint - Carpometacarpale joint > synovial saddle joint - Metacarpal phalangeal joint > synovial condyloid joint - Interphalangeal joint > synovial hinge joint

💢Type Of joints in the Thorax; 1-Intervertebral joint : secondary cartilaginous joint. 2-The joint between the first rib and sternum : primary cartilaginous joint. 3-All remanent ribs with sternum : synovial plane joint. 4-Manubriosternal joint : secondary cartilaginous joint. 5-Joint of head of rib with corresponding vertebral body : synovial plane joint. 6-sternoclavicular joint : synovial saddle joint. 7- Xiphisternal joint : primary cartilaginous joint. 8-Acromioclavicular joint : synovial plane joint. 9- joint of rib and intercostal cartilages : Cartilaginous joint

💢Tributaries; 1-Tributaries Of inferior vena cava : inferior phrenic vein and 3 hepatic veins and renal veins. 2-tributaries of azygos vein is : hemiazygos, bronchial veins, pericardial veins, and posterior right intercostal veins. 3-tributaries of subclavian vein : external jugular vein. 4-tributaries of brachiocephalic vein : subclavian and internal jugular vein and internal thoracic vein 5-tributaries of superior vena cava : Azygos vein and two brachiocephalic vein

*MEDIAN NERVE (C5-T1) --> APE LIKE HAND. *RADIAL NERVE (C5-T1) --> WRIST DROP. *ULNAR NERVE (C8-T1) --> CLAW HAND. *AXILLARY NERVE (C5-C6) --> FLAT SHOULDER (PARALYSIS OF DELTOID AND TERES MINOR). *MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE (C5-C7) . *LONG THORACIC NERVE (C5-C7) (SAME AS MUSCULOCUTANEOUS) *PHRENIC NERVE (C3-C5)

طريقة سهلة لحفظ ال nerve root value. الجملة هيا ( MR. AMU ) (مستر امو). (Midian n. +Radial n.)= c5-c6-c7-c8-T1. (Axillary n.)= c5-c6. (Musclucotenes n.)= c5-c6-c7. (Ulnar n.)= c8-T1. الارقام بالترتيب ف بالتالي سهل حفظها.

📍A TYPICAL THORACIC VERTEBRAE ARE T1 / T9 / T12 📍A TYPICAL RIBS :- Rib 1 - 10 - 11 - 12

⚠️Type of joint in the thoracic region :- 1- Intervertebral is secondary cartilaginous 2- Costovertebral is synovial 3- Intercondoral is synovial 4- Sternoclavicular is synovial saddle 5- Sternocostal :- (( first is primary cartilaginous)) (( from second one to the seventh is synovial)) 6- Manubriosternal is secondary cartilaginous 7- Xiphosternal is primary cartilaginous ⚠️NOTE :- RIB DISLOCATION occurs in STERNUM RIB SEPARATION occurs in CARTILAGE

📍Branches of Main Arteries in Heart - 1/Right coronary artery: - right conus - right marginal - posterior interventricular - atrial branches - ventricular branches - SA nodal branch - AV nodal branch - 2/Left coronary artery: - Anterior interventricular - Left conus - Left marginal - atrial branches - ventricular branches - circumflex branch 📍Right and Left coronary arteries originate form Aortic Orifice

Mention 3 structures found in hilum of the lung?. Mention 4 differences between right and left lung ?. Mention the nerve supply of the following: A) mediastinal pleura B) costal pleura C) cervical pleura D) Diaphragmatic pleura E) visceral pleura What is the level of carina ?. Mention the venous drainage of the thorax on the left side. Mention 3 impressions found in right lung or left lung?. Mention 3 events at the plane of Ludwig?. Mention 4 structures found in the following : A) superior mediastinam B) posterior mediastinam Mention 3 branches of internal thoracic artery. Mention 3 structures found in the costal groove?. Mention the type of ribs according to the attachment to the sternum?. What is the surface marking of the apex of the heart?. Mention 3 differences between the right & left ventricles. Mention 3 branches of the arch of Aorta. Mention 2 branches of Ascending Aorta. Mention 3 branches of descending Aorta. Mention 2 structures pass through the caval opening and it's level. Mention 3 structure pass through the aortic opening and it's level. Mention 3 structures pass through the esophageal opening and it's level. Mention 4 branches of right coronary artery. Mention 4 branches of left coronary artery. Mention 2 arterial anastomosis at the apex of the heart. Mention 4 tributaries of coronary sinus . Mention 5 opening in the right atrium. Artery--> arteriole-->capillary-->venule--> vein Mention the position and auscultation site of the following valves: A) pulmonary valve B) mitral valve C) tricuspid valve D) aortic valve Function of the following muscles: A) External intercostal B) Internal intercostal C) Diaphragm Mention the blood supply of the breast. Dermatome of the nipples.

Branches of Main Arteries in thorax and upper limb : 1) Right coronary artery: - right conus - right marginal - posterior interventricular - atrial branch - ventricular branch - SA node branch - AV node branch ------------------------------------- 2) Left coronary artery: - Anterior interventricular - Left conus - Left marginal - atrial branch - ventricular branch - circumflex ------------------------------- 3) Subclavian artery: -1st part: Vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk which gives (inferior thyroid, suprascapular, superficial cervical) -2nd part:((in the right side)) costocervical trunk -3rd part: dorsal scapular ------------------------------------------ 4) Internal thoracic: - anterior intercostal - mediastinal - perforating - pericardiophrenic - superior epigastric - musculophrenic ---------------------------------- 5) Axillary Artery: -1st part : superior thoracic -2nd part: thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic -3rd part: subscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral. ---------------------------------------- 6) Brachial Artery: -Profunda brachii gives ( middle and radial collateral) - humeral nutrient - superior ulnar collateral - inferior ulnar collateral Terminal branches (radial and ulnar) ---------------------------------------- 7) Radial Artery: - radial recurrent - muscular - superficial palmar branch - dorsal carpal branch ------------------------------------- 8) Ulnar Artery: - anterior Ulnar recurrent - posterior ulnar recurrent - common interosseous which gives ( interosseous recurrent, anterior and posterior interosseous) - muscular - two small carpal branches - deep palmar branch