Embedded - ->for u

What does Web Scraping mean? 👉 Web scraping is a term for various methods used to collect information from across the Internet. 👉 Generally, this is done with software that simulates human Web surfing to collect specified bits of information from different websites. 👉 Those who use web scraping programs may be looking to collect certain data to sell to other users, or to to use for promotional purposes on a website. 👉 Web scraping is also called Web data extraction, screen scraping or Web harvesting. 👉 Web scraping is essentially a form of data mining. Items like weather reports, auction details, market pricing, or any other list of collected data can be sought in Web scraping efforts.

RESET SEQUENCE OF MICRO-CONTROLLER What happens when micro-controller resets. when you reset micro-controller, it will start performing some initialization and starts executing from the main() function. STARTUP SEQUENCE :  👉 Have you ever thought how does micro-controller start execution from the main() function, when powered on? 👉 Hope all are aware of the Program Counter of micro-controller. 👉 PC is a register which stores the address of an instruction  which is being executed at the current time. 👉 PC is hard-wired at specific address location. So when micro-controller starts from power up, PC fetches the 1st instruction from hard-wired address. This address is generally 0x00000000 in 32bit system.

👉 The debugger requires an additional piece of hardware and some special configurations inside the IDE to become effective. 👉 Anyway, once it is configured, it could be a silver bullet to catch and solve any functional issue reducing the effort required by the development. 👉 It is actually almost mandatory when the development has to start from scratch for example while implementing the startup routines and the reset handler.

👉 The debugger can interact with the flash memory of a microcontroller allowing to: Flash\erase a firmware into it without using a bootloader and in a more efficient way 👉 The debugger can interact directly with the CPU of a microcontroller and its registers. This allows to: Break the execution of the code at any moment (Stop\Resume) Break the execution of the code when the Program Counter reaches a certain address (Breakpoint) Execute the code on instruction at a time (Step by step execution)Change the content of CPU registers for debugging purpose 👉 The debugger can interact directly with the RAM of a microcontroller allowing to: Break the execution of the code when a certain memory address changes its value (Watchpoint) Read\write static and automatic variables Read\write memory-mapped registers like, for example, MCU’s peripherals (TIMs, SPIs, ADCs, UARTs, and so on)

The on-chip debugger 👉 An on-chip debugger is composed of software and hardware which as has the full capability to interact with a microcontroller at many levels acting as a monitor inside the microcontroller at run-time. The microcontroller which is probed by the debugger is often named as the target.

What is the difference between a bootloader and a debugger The bootloader 👉 A bootloader is a piece of software that loads the downloads the firmware from a host, usually a PC, into the microcontroller main memory. 👉 Typically, once the bootload procedure is over, the microcontroller starts to execute the freshly loaded code and the interaction between the host and the microcontroller terminates. 👉 The bootloader is a cheap solution often used when a debugger is not available and this was particularly true when embedded systems moved their first steps because of the high cost and low availability of commercial debuggers. 👉 The task of the bootloader is basically to upload flash the code into the MCU memory and it does not offer any debug feature. 👉 In such a scenario, the functional test is often executed adding additional instructions not directly related to the user application with the scope to help the developer to understand the code behavior. 👉 For example, a user could decide to turn on a LED when a certain condition is verified to ensure that such condition happens. Because of this indirect correlation between the bootloader and the test of the functional behavior the bootloader if often confused with a debugger.

Eutelsat Unveils ELO Constellation Project Dedicated to IoT 👉 French satellite fleet operator Eutelsat Communications has launched a constellation project targeting the Internet of Things (IoT) market. 👉 Named ELO constellation, the project aims to launch 25 nanosatellites dedicated to IoT in the next three years. 👉 Through ELO, Eutelsat aims to position itself as the partner of choice for IT integrators and terrestrial operators seeking to offer their customers worldwide coverage. 👉 Eutelsat has signed a strategic partnership with leading IoT player Sigfox, which runs a unique global narrowband network dedicated to this segment across 65 countries. 👉 Based on hybrid connected objects, whose data can be captured by both terrestrial networks and satellite, Sigfox will integrate the global coverage provided by the ELO constellation into its existing range of IoT connectivity services. 👉 This enhanced network coverage will open the door to many new use cases in areas like maritime transportation or logistics, but also the safety of people in emergency situations.

Good morning all. Above is the fresher walkin.. Interested can attend. All the best 👍👍👍

Laser accelerometers 👉 Researchers at Caltech, the California University of Technology, are working on accelerometers that work with lasers. 👉 An accelerometer normally uses an electrical circuit, whilst a laser accelerometer uses laser light instead of electricity. 👉 The optical cavity of this accelerometer is very small. It contains two silicon nanobeams that are situated in an accelerometer as the two sides of a zipper that has a proof mass attached to one of its sides. 👉 The moment a laser light enters the accelerometer, the nanobeams act as a ‘light pipe.’ 👉 These nanobeams guide the light to be bounced back and forth in between its holes. 👉 The movement of the proof mass results in the change of the intensity of the laser light that is reflected out. This reflected laser light is so sensitive to the motion of the proof mass that it helps in the determination of even the slightest displacement.

Rugged seems to be the keyword 👉 For modern applications such as oil-downhole monitoring, UAV inertial measurements and industrial robotics, there is an increased demand for rugged accelerometers. 👉 Of course, another area that requires these accelerometers is the exponentially growing mobile devices segment. 👉 With this demand in mind, the last year has seen the launch of tougher accelerometers that can withstand heavy impacts.