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UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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Channel UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 66 614 subscribers, ranking 2 463 in the Education category and 4 966 in the India region.
📊 Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on невідомо, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 66 614 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 07 July, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -1 114 over the last 30 days and by -24 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 4.58%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 3.49% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 3 054 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 2 324 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 0.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as prelim, hindu, sanctuary, upsc, polity.
📝 Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 08 July, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
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◇ On the basis of the period of origin, folded mountains are divided into :-
• old folded mountains and
• new folded mountains - All the old folded mountains were originated before Tertiary period. The Alpine folded mountains of Tertiary period are grouped under the category of new folded mountains, for example, Rockies, Andes, Alps, Himalayas etc.
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■ FOLDED MOUNTAINS
#Mountains
Folded mountains are formed due to folding of crustal rocks by compressive forces generated by endogenetic forces coming from within the earth.
□ Folded mountains are classified on various bases as follows :-
◇ Folded mountains are divided into 2 broad categories on the basis of the nature of folds.
• simple folded mountains with open folds-Such mountains are characterized by well-developed system of anticlines and synclines wherein folds are arranged in wave-like pattern. These mountains have open and relatively simple folds.
• complex folded mountains represent very complex structure of intensely compressed folds. Such complex structure of folds is called ‘nappe.
◇ Folded mountains are classified into -
• young folded mountains (which are least affected by denudational processes) and
• mature folded mountains.
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• Block mountains may be formed when the side blocks of two faults move downward whereas the middle block remains stable at its place.
• Block mountains may be formed when the middle block between two normal faults moves downward.
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■ BLOCK MOUNTAINS
#Mountains
◇ Block mountains represent the upstanding parts of the ground between two faults or on either side of a rift valley or a graben Essentially, block mountains are formed due to faulting the ground surface.
◇ Block mountains are generally of two basic types :-
• tilted block mountains having one steep side represented by fault scarp and one gentle side and
• lifted block mountains represent real horst and are characterized by flattened summit of tabular shape and very steep side slopes represented by two boundary fault scarps. Block mountains are also called as horst mountains.
◇ Block mountains are formed in a number of ways :-
• Block mountains are formed due to upward movement of middle block between two normal faults. The upthrown block is also called as horst. The summital area of such block mountain is of flat surface but the side slopes are very steep.
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■ CLASSIFICATION OF MOUNTAINS
□ On the basis of location
◇ Continental mountains
• Coastal mountains, examples : Appalachians, Rockies, Alpine Mountain chains, Western and Eastern Ghats of India etc.
• Inland mountains: examples, Ural Mountains (Russia), Vosges and Black Forest block mountains (Europe), Himalayas, Aravallis, Satpura, Maikal, Kaimurs etc. (India), Kunlun, Tienshan, Altai etc. (Asia) etc.
◇ Oceanic mountains—Most of the oceanic mountains are below the water surface (below sea level). Oceanic mountains are located on continental shelves and ocean floors. Some oceanic mountains are also well above sea level. If the height of the mountains is considered from the oceanic floor and not from the sea level, many of the oceanic mountains will become much higher than the Mount Everest.
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