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UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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Channel UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 66 638 subscribers, ranking 2 452 in the Education category and 4 961 in the India region.
π Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎ, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 66 638 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 06 July, 2026, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by -1 140 over the last 30 days and by -52 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 4.43%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects 3.49% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 2 953 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 2 324 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 0.
- Thematic interests: Content is focused on key topics such as prelim, hindu, sanctuary, upsc, polity.
π Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
βThis channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybotβ
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 07 July, 2026), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Education category.
66 638
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Posts Archive
66 638
β LAPIES
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
β The highly corrugated and rough limestone lithology characterized by low ridges and pinnacles, narrow clefts and numerous solution holes is called lapies (a French term).
β Lapies are variously named in different parts of the world e.g. clints or grykes in North England, karren, in Germany, bogaz in erstwhile Yugoslavia.
β Lapies are generally formed due to corrosion of limestones along their joints when limestones are well exposed at the ground surface.
β The weathering residues left at the surface are called terra rosa which means red residual soils or red earth.
βͺοΈJoin - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
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66 638
5. The carbonate rocks should be very close to the ground surface so that rainwater may easily and quickly infiltrate into the beds of limestones and may corrode the rocks to form solutional landforms.
6. The limestones should be highly folded, fractured or faulted.
7. There should be enough rainfall so that required amount of water is available to dissolve carbonate rocks.
βͺοΈJoin - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
β ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF KARST TOPOGRAPHY
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
1. The limestones must be massive, thickly bedded, hard and tenaceous, well cemented and well jointed (high density of joints).
2. Limestones should not be porous wherein permeability is largely controlled by joints and not by the mass of rocks because if limestones are porous, the water may pass through the rock mass and thus whole rock mass will become weak and will collapse.
3. The position of limestones should be above the groundwater table so that surface drainage may disappear through sinks, blind valleys and sinking creeks to have subterranean (subsurface) drainage so that cave, passages and galleries and associated features may be formed.
4. The limestones should be widely distributed in both areal and vertical dimensions.
66 638
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66 638
Repost from UPSC GEOGRAPHY
β LIMESTONE TOPOGRAPHY (KARST TOPOGRAPHY)
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
β Landforms produced by chemical weathering or chemical erosion of carbonate rocks mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO3, limestones) and magnesium carbonate (dolomites) by surface and subsurface water (groundwater) are called karst topography which refers to characteristic landforms produced by Chemical erosion on crystalline jointed limestones of Karst region of erstwhile Yugoslavia situated along the eastern margin of Adriatic Sea.
βͺοΈJoin - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
Are you worried about your SYLLABUS Consolidation??
Referring Multiple Sources?
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For more information, join t.me/sunyanotes50
66 638
β LIMESTONE TOPOGRAPHY (KARST TOPOGRAPHY)
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
β Landforms produced by chemical weathering or chemical erosion of carbonate rocks mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO3, limestones) and magnesium carbonate (dolomites) by surface and subsurface water (groundwater) are called karst topography which refers to characteristic landforms produced by Chemical erosion on crystalline jointed limestones of Karst region of erstwhile Yugoslavia situated along the eastern margin of Adriatic Sea.
βͺοΈJoin - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 638
β EROSIONAL LANDFORMS
#Landforms
β‘ Lapies
β The highly corrugated and rough limestone lithology characterized by low ridges and pinnacles, narrow clefts and numerous solution holes is called lapies (a French term).
β Lapies are variously named in different parts of the world e.g. clints or grykes in North England, karren, in Germany, bogaz in erstwhile Yugoslavia.
β Lapies are generally formed due to corrosion of limestones along their joints when limestones are well exposed at the ground surface.
β The weathering residues left at the surface are called terra rosa which means red residual soils or red earth.
βͺοΈJOIN - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
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