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UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
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Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
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■ LAPIES
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
◇ The highly corrugated and rough limestone lithology characterized by low ridges and pinnacles, narrow clefts and numerous solution holes is called lapies (a French term).
◇ Lapies are variously named in different parts of the world e.g. clints or grykes in North England, karren, in Germany, bogaz in erstwhile Yugoslavia.
◇ Lapies are generally formed due to corrosion of limestones along their joints when limestones are well exposed at the ground surface.
◇ The weathering residues left at the surface are called terra rosa which means red residual soils or red earth.
▪︎Join - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
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5. The carbonate rocks should be very close to the ground surface so that rainwater may easily and quickly infiltrate into the beds of limestones and may corrode the rocks to form solutional landforms.
6. The limestones should be highly folded, fractured or faulted.
7. There should be enough rainfall so that required amount of water is available to dissolve carbonate rocks.
▪︎Join - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
■ ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF KARST TOPOGRAPHY
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
1. The limestones must be massive, thickly bedded, hard and tenaceous, well cemented and well jointed (high density of joints).
2. Limestones should not be porous wherein permeability is largely controlled by joints and not by the mass of rocks because if limestones are porous, the water may pass through the rock mass and thus whole rock mass will become weak and will collapse.
3. The position of limestones should be above the groundwater table so that surface drainage may disappear through sinks, blind valleys and sinking creeks to have subterranean (subsurface) drainage so that cave, passages and galleries and associated features may be formed.
4. The limestones should be widely distributed in both areal and vertical dimensions.
66 638
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Repost from UPSC GEOGRAPHY
■ LIMESTONE TOPOGRAPHY (KARST TOPOGRAPHY)
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
◇ Landforms produced by chemical weathering or chemical erosion of carbonate rocks mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO3, limestones) and magnesium carbonate (dolomites) by surface and subsurface water (groundwater) are called karst topography which refers to characteristic landforms produced by Chemical erosion on crystalline jointed limestones of Karst region of erstwhile Yugoslavia situated along the eastern margin of Adriatic Sea.
▪︎Join - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
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66 638
■ LIMESTONE TOPOGRAPHY (KARST TOPOGRAPHY)
#Physiography #Karstlandforms
◇ Landforms produced by chemical weathering or chemical erosion of carbonate rocks mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO3, limestones) and magnesium carbonate (dolomites) by surface and subsurface water (groundwater) are called karst topography which refers to characteristic landforms produced by Chemical erosion on crystalline jointed limestones of Karst region of erstwhile Yugoslavia situated along the eastern margin of Adriatic Sea.
▪︎Join - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 638
■ EROSIONAL LANDFORMS
#Landforms
□ Lapies
◇ The highly corrugated and rough limestone lithology characterized by low ridges and pinnacles, narrow clefts and numerous solution holes is called lapies (a French term).
◇ Lapies are variously named in different parts of the world e.g. clints or grykes in North England, karren, in Germany, bogaz in erstwhile Yugoslavia.
◇ Lapies are generally formed due to corrosion of limestones along their joints when limestones are well exposed at the ground surface.
◇ The weathering residues left at the surface are called terra rosa which means red residual soils or red earth.
▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes
66 638
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