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Tarmoq administratorligi (Cisco) va Tizim administratorligi (Server)ni biz bilan o'rganing. Bularning hammasi @cisco_server kanalida... Adminlar bilan bog'lanish uchun ๐ Serverlar bo'yicha: @uzbekiston_erkatoyi Cisco bo'yicha: @ciscoucell va @Dream_0044
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Channel Posts
Repost from O'zbekona Cisco
โ๏ธ Nimalardir o'zgardi ... ๐
Uzbekonacisco.uz โ kirganlar biladi.
Kirmaganlar โ esa yo'q. ๐ค
Nima o'zgarganini toping va 3-bepul darsimizga qo'shilish uchun bonusingizni oling ๐
Kim birinchilardan topgan bo'lsa, komentariya yozish esingizdan chiqmasin-a ! ๐
@uzbekonacisco
| 2 |  ๐ DNS Checker โ domeningiz dunyo bo'ylab "tarqaldimi" yo'qmi, bir clickda bilishingiz mumkin!
Saytingizning DNS yozuvlarini o'zgartirdingizmi? Yangi domen yoki subdomen ochdingizmi? Hosting almashtirdingizmi?
Unda sizga dnschecker.org kerak bo'ladi! ๐ฅ
โ๏ธ Bu nima qiladi? DNS o'zgarishlari butun dunyo bo'ylab darhol tarqalmaydi โ bu jarayon 48 soatgacha vaqt olishi mumkin. DNS Checker esa dunyoning 100+ davlatidagi serverlardan sizning domeningizni tekshirib, qayerda yangilangan-u qayerda hali eski ma'lumot turganini xaritada ko'rsatib beradi! ๐บ
โ
โ DNS yangilangan โ โ hali yangilanmagan
๐ Tekshirsa bo'ladigan yozuvlar: ๐น A / AAAA โ IP manzil (IPv4 / IPv6) ๐น CNAME โ subdomenni asosiy domenga bog'lash ๐น MX โ pochta serverlari ๐น NS โ nameserverlar ๐น TXT โ SPF, DKIM, DMARC sozlamalari ๐น va boshqa ko'plab yozuvlar (SOA, CAA, PTR, SRV...)
๐ก Bonus: Saytda DNS tekshirishdan tashqari yana ko'plab bepul foydali asboblar bor โ "What is my IP", SSL sertifikat tekshiruvi, port scanner, WHOIS lookup, QR scanner va h.k.
๐ To'liq bepul, ro'yxatdan o'tish shart emas!
๐ dnschecker.org
#DNS #Hosting #Domen #WebDev #ITbilim | 519 |
| 3 | ๐ CISCO SERTIFIKATINGIZ MUDDATI TUGAYAPTIMI?
โ
Imtihon topshirmasdan CCNA va CCNP sertifikatlarini qanday uzaytirish mumkinligini bilib oling!
๐น Yangi video yuklandi!
Bu videoda:
๐น CE Credits nima ekanligi
๐น CCNA uchun 30 kredit qanday yig'iladi
๐น CCNP uchun 80 kredit qanday yig'iladi
๐น Bepul Cisco kurslaridan kredit yig'ish yo'llari
๐น Recertify qilishning to'liq jarayoni
๐ก Cisco sertifikatini yangilash uchun har doim imtihon topshirish shart emas โ CE Credits orqali ham mumkin!
โถ๏ธ Videoni tomosha qiling:
https://youtu.be/vsO5LPpbNKQ?si=fKDvlT4E0SP5-VNk
๐ Foydali bo'lsa do'stlaringiz bilan ulashing!
@uzbekonacisco
#Cisco #CCNA #CCNP #CECredits #Recertification #ITUzbek #NetworkingUzbek | 559 |
| 4 | Yoz oyi uchun hech qanday kursga borishni reja qilmay turing, rad etib bo'lmaydigan taklif tayyorlayapmiz sizlar uchun.
Bugun CCNA/CCNP sertifikati borlar uchun, qanday qilib exam topshirmasdan turib, sertifikatni amal qilish muddatini yana 3yildan 9 yilgacha cho'zish mumkinligini ko'rsatib bersam nima deysizlar?
@uzbekonacisco | 574 |
| 5 |  Video message | 947 |
| 6 | ๐ฅ Cisco CML (Modeling Labs) โ Bepul versiya haqida bilasizmi?
Cisco CML โ bu tarmoq muhandislari va talabalar uchun virtual laboratoriya muhiti. Real Cisco qurilmalarini simulyatsiya qilish imkonini beradi!
๐ CML Free versiyasida nima bor?
5 tagacha node ishlatish imkoniyati
Asosiy Cisco qurilmalari (router, switch)
Web-based interfeys
Topologiyalarni saqlash va yuklash
โ๏ธ Texnik talablar:
8 GB RAM (minimum)
4 vCPU
KVM gipervizoriga asoslangan
Ubuntu Linux muhiti
Free versiyasida faqatgina 5tagacha qurilma qo'shishingiz mumkin, personal va personal + tariflarida 200-400$ to'lab, 20-40tagacha host qo'shib test qilish mumkin.
@cisco_server | 986 |
| 7 |  Video message | 937 |
| 8 |  Video message | 1 089 |
| 9 |  #new_ccna
Shogirtimizdan Hayitga Sovg'a.
Alloh hayirli qilsin.
@uzbekonacisco.uz | 1 502 |
| 10 |  ๐ด OSPFv3 โ CCNA da aytilmaydigan narsalar
(Chapter 10 โ ENCOR 350-401)
Ko'pchilik OSPFv3 ni "OSPFv2 ning IPv6 versiyasi" deb biladi. Lekin bu to'liq to'g'ri emas. Keling, chuqurroq qaraymiz ๐
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
1๏ธโฃ IP manzil va topologiya ajratildi
OSPFv2 da Router LSA ichida topologiya ham, IP prefix ham birga yurardi. Yangi IP qo'shsang โ butun SPF qayta hisoblandi.
OSPFv3 da bular ajratildi: โ Router LSA = faqat topologiya โ Intra-area Prefix LSA = faqat IP manzillar
Natija: IP o'zgarganda SPF qayta ishlamaydi โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
2๏ธโฃ Authentication OSPF dan chiqarildi
OSPFv2 da authentication to'g'ridan-to'g'ri OSPF packet ichida edi.
OSPFv3 da bu vazifa IPsec Extension Header ga o'tkazildi. OSPF packet header 24 byte dan 16 byte ga tushdi.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
3๏ธโฃ Umumiy subnet shart emas
OSPFv2: qo'shni bo'lish uchun bir xil subnet bo'lishi shart โ
OSPFv3: ikki router subnet'lari farqli bo'lsa ham, link-local manzil bir xil linkda bo'lsa โ adjacency o'rnatiladi โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
4๏ธโฃ LSA flooding yangicha ishlaydi
Har bir LSA da endi LS Type maydoni bor (16-bit). Uning ichidagi bitlar:
U-bit โ noma'lum LSA ni drop qilma, forward qil S1/S2 โ flooding qayerga borishi kerakligini belgilaydi:
00 โ faqat shu link
01 โ faqat shu area
10 โ butun OSPF domain
OSPFv2 da bu "hardcoded" edi ๐คฏ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
5๏ธโฃ Instance ID โ kam bilinadi
Bir xil segmentda turli OSPFv3 guruhlarni ajratish mumkin.
R1 (Instance 0) โ๏ธ R2 (Instance 0) โ
R1 (Instance 0) โ๏ธ R3 (Instance 1) โ
Instance ID mos kelmasa โ packet ignore qilinadi. Xuddi "parol" kabi ๐
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
6๏ธโฃ OSPFv3 = IPv4 + IPv6 bir jarayonda
RFC 5838 ga ko'ra OSPFv3 bitta jarayon ichida IPv4 va IPv6 ni bir vaqtda ishlata oladi.
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0 โ IPv6 uchun
ospfv3 1 ipv4 area 0 โ IPv4 uchun
CCNA da bu umuman aytilmaydi ๐
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
7๏ธโฃ IPv6 summarization da yashirin xato
2001:DB8::/65 ni hisoblayotganda ko'pchilik 0x20 = 20 deb o'ylaydi.
To'g'risi: 0x20 = 32 (decimal) โผ๏ธ
Har doim hex kalkulyator ishlatish โ bir xatoni oldini oladi.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
@cisco_server | 1 257 |
| 11 | ๐ก OSPF โ CCNA da aytilmagan sirlar
(Chapter 9 โ ENCOR 350-401)
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
CCNA da OSPF ni "o'rgandim" deb o'ylaysizmi? ๐
Mana CCIE darajasidagi haqiqat ๐
โโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ด 1. LSA lar โ 6 xil, siz 2 tasini bilasiz
CCNA: "Type 1 va Type 2 bor"
Aslida:
Type 1 โ Router o'zi (area ichida)
Type 2 โ DR (multi-access segment)
Type 3 โ ABR (arealar orasida) โญ๏ธ
Type 4 โ ABR (ASBR qayerda?)
Type 5 โ ASBR (external routes)
Type 7 โ NSSA ichida external routes
๐ก Eng muhimi: Type 3 ni ABR yaratadi, router emas!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ด 2. ABR โ oddiy router emas
ABR uchun 3 ta TEMIR QOIDA:
โช๏ธ Type 1 LSA kelsa โ backbone VA non-backbone areaga Type 3 yarat
โช๏ธ Area 0 dan Type 3 kelsa โ faqat non-backbone area uchun yarat
โช๏ธ Non-backbone dan Type 3 kelsa โ boshqa areaga HECH QACHON yuborma!
โ ๏ธ Bu qoidani bilmasang โ
Discontiguous network tuzog'iga tushasiz!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ด 3. LSA Age โ router "o'lganini" qanday bilasiz?
Age = 0 โ LSA tug'ildi
Age = 1800s โ Router "Tirikman!" deb yangi LSA yuboradi โป๏ธ
Age = 3600s โ LSA o'ladi,
LSDB dan o'chadi โ
๐ก Lekin amalda router o'chsa
40 soniyada Dead Interval ishga tushadi
3600s ni kutmaysiz!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ด 4. Intra-area DOIM g'alaba qiladi
R1 dan R4 ga 2 ta yo'l:
โช๏ธ Ethernet: metric 5 (inter-area)
โช๏ธ Serial: metric 111 (intra-area)
OSPF serial ni tanlaydi! ๐ฒ
Sababi:
Intra-area > Inter-area >External
Metrika emas โ YO'L TURI muhim!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ด 5. Summarization โ LSDB ni
o'zgartiradigan qurol
Summarizationsiz:
Area 1 โ 15 ta Type 3 LSA โ Area 0 ๐
Summarization bilan:
Area 1 โ 1 ta Type 3 LSA โ Area 0 โ
Buyrug'i:
area 12 range 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
Bonus: not-advertise qo'shsang โ
route filter ham bo'ladi! ๐ฏ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ด 6. Discontiguous Network โ
ko'pchilik tushmaydigan tuzoq
Area 0 uzluksiz bo'lmasa nima bo'ladi?
Area 12 โ Area 23 โ Area 34
Traffic Area 23 dan o'tmoqchi โ
OSPF bu ABR qoidalari tufayli
routelarni inject QILMAYDI โ
Yechim: Area 0 ni doim
CONTIGUOUS saqlang! โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ XULOSA โ CCNA vs CCNP/CCIE
CCNA: "OSPF area bor, DR bor"
CCNP: "LSA turlari, ABR qoidalari"
CCIE: "Nima uchun shunday ishlaydi?"
Eng kuchli network engineer โ
protokolni ichidan tushunadigani! ๐ง
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ Savol bo'lsa โ kommentga yozing!
@cisco_server | 941 |
| 12 | ๐ง CCNA da aytishmagan OSPF sirlari! (Chapter 8 โ ENCOR 350-401) 2-qism.
#6 โ OSPF Process izolyatsiyasi ๐
router ospf 1 โ O'z LSDB si
router ospf 2 โ O'z LSDB si
Ikkalasi bir-birini ko'rmaydi!
redistribute ospf 1 โ shu bo'lmasa
marshrut o'tmaydi
Real hayotda: Ikki kompaniya birlashdi, har birida alohida OSPF process bor โ redistribute qilmasang ular ko'r! ๐
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#7 โ Passive Interface: Noto'g'ri tushuncha โ๏ธ
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"Passive interface = OSPF o'chirildi" โ
Aslida:
Passive Interface:
โ
Tarmoq LSDB ga qo'shiladi
โ
OSPF e'lon qilinadi
โ Hello yuborilmaydi
โ Neighbor bo'lmaydi
Tarmoqni e'lon qil, lekin neighbor qabul qilma! ๐ฏ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#8 โ Network Statement haqiqiy vazifasi ๐ญ
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"10.0.0.0 tarmoqni e'lon qiladi" โ
Aslida:
"10.0.0.x IP li interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI" โ
Interfeysning o'zi LSA orqali e'lon qilinadi โ network statement emas!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#9 โ DR saylovida RID tuzog'i โ ๏ธ
Barcha priority = 1 (default)
โ
RID taqqoslanadi
โ
Eng katta RID = DR
โ Yomon amaliyot:
RID ni o'zgartirish orqali DR ni boshqarish
โ
Professional amaliyot:
ip ospf priority 100 โ DR bo'lsin
ip ospf priority 0 โ hech qachon DR bo'lmasin
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#10 โ ExStart: Yashirin muammo ๐
Ikki router ExStart holatida qolib ketdi?
Sabab ko'pincha:
MTU mismatch! โ 90% holat
DBD paket o'tmayapti
Tekshirish:
show ip ospf neighbor โ ExStart ko'rinsa
show interface โ MTU tekshir
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ฌ Qaysi biri sizni hayratda qoldirdi? Izohda yozing! ๐
@cisco_server | 817 |
| 13 | ๐ง CCNA da aytishmagan OSPF sirlari! (Chapter 8 โ ENCOR 350-401) 2-qism.
#6 โ OSPF Process izolyatsiyasi ๐
router ospf 1 โ O'z LSDB si
router ospf 2 โ O'z LSDB si
Ikkalasi bir-birini ko'rmaydi!
redistribute ospf 1 โ shu bo'lmasa
marshrut o'tmaydi
Real hayotda: Ikki kompaniya birlashdi, har birida alohida OSPF process bor โ redistribute qilmasang ular ko'r! ๐
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#7 โ Passive Interface: Noto'g'ri tushuncha โ๏ธ
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"Passive interface = OSPF o'chirildi" โ
Aslida:
Passive Interface:
โ
Tarmoq LSDB ga qo'shiladi
โ
OSPF e'lon qilinadi
โ Hello yuborilmaydi
โ Neighbor bo'lmaydi
Tarmoqni e'lon qil, lekin neighbor qabul qilma! ๐ฏ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#8 โ Network Statement haqiqiy vazifasi ๐ญ
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"10.0.0.0 tarmoqni e'lon qiladi" โ
Aslida:
"10.0.0.x IP li interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI" โ
Interfeysning o'zi LSA orqali e'lon qilinadi โ network statement emas!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#9 โ DR saylovida RID tuzog'i โ ๏ธ
Barcha priority = 1 (default)
โ
RID taqqoslanadi
โ
Eng katta RID = DR
โ Yomon amaliyot:
RID ni o'zgartirish orqali DR ni boshqarish
โ
Professional amaliyot:
ip ospf priority 100 โ DR bo'lsin
ip ospf priority 0 โ hech qachon DR bo'lmasin
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#10 โ ExStart: Yashirin muammo ๐
Ikki router ExStart holatida qolib ketdi?
Sabab ko'pincha:
MTU mismatch! โ 90% holat
DBD paket o'tmayapti
Tekshirish:
show ip ospf neighbor โ ExStart ko'rinsa
show interface โ MTU tekshir
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ฌ Qaysi biri sizni hayratda qoldirdi? Izohda yozing! ๐
@cisco_server | 0 |
| 14 | ๐ง CCNA da aytishmagan OSPF sirlari! (Chapter 8 โ ENCOR 350-401)
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#1 โ DR preemption yo'q! ๐ซ
Ko'pchilik bilmaydi: DR saylovdan keyin yangi, yaxshiroq router kelsa ham DR o'zgarmaydi!
R4 = DR (priority: 1)
R1 keldi (priority: 100) ๐
Natija: R4 HALI HAM DR! ๐ฎ
DR o'zgarishi uchun:
clear ip ospf process โ majburiy!
OSPF DR preemptive emas โ bu dizayn qarori!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#2 โ Wait Timer: Ko'pchilik bilmagan taymะตั โณ
Router yonganda darhol DR saylovga qatnashmaydi!
Router yondi
โ
Wait Timer = 40 soniya โณ
โ
Boshqalar yonishini kutadi
โ
Keyin saylov! โ
Nega?
Agar kutmasะฐ โ Birinchi yongan router doim DR bo'lib qolardi! โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#3 โ OSPF Cost muammosi ๐
Default reference bandwidth = 100 Mbps
FastEthernet (100M) โ Cost: 1
GigabitEthernet (1G) โ Cost: 1
10 GigabitEthernet โ Cost: 1
โ Hammasi bir xil! OSPF tezroq yo'lni topa olmaydi!
Yechim:
auto-cost reference-bandwidth 40000
FastEthernet โ Cost: 400
GigabitEth โ Cost: 40
10GigE โ Cost: 4
โ
Endi farq bor!
โ ๏ธ Barcha routerlarda bir xil qiymat bo'lishi SHART!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#4 โ Loopback /32 muammosi ๐
interface Loopback0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
OSPF e'lon qiladi: 192.168.1.1/32 ๐ฎ /24 emas!
Yechim:
interface Loopback0
ip ospf network point-to-point
Endi OSPF e'lon qiladi: 192.168.1.0/24 โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#5 โ MTU mismatch: Yashirin dushman ๐ป
R1 MTU: 1500 byte
R2 MTU: 1400 byte
Natija:
Neighbor: โ
ko'rinadi
Adjacency: โ FULL bo'lmaydi!
Exchange holatida qolib ketadi ๐ฑ
Tezkor yechim:
ip ospf mtu-ignore โ tekshirishni o'chir
Professional yechim:
MTU larni bir xil qil! โ asil yechim
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
Davomi bor...
@cisco_server | 844 |
| 15 | ๐ฅ Ko'pchilik bilmagan OSPF sirlari โ #1
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Savol: Quyidagi komanda nima qiladi?
router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Ko'pchilikning fikri::
"10.0.0.0 tarmoqni OSPF ga e'lon qiladi" โ NOTO'G'RI โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ
To'g'ri javob:
network komandasi tarmoqni emas โ interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI!
Keyin o'sha interfeys LSA orqali o'zi e'lon qilinadi ๐ก
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ง Misol bilan tushunamiz:
Router 3 ta interfeysi bor:
Gi0/0 โ 10.0.0.1 โ
mos keladi
Gi0/1 โ 10.0.10.1 โ mos kelmaydi
Gi0/2 โ 192.168.1.1 โ mos kelmaydi
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ๐ Bu komanda faqat Gi0/0 da OSPF ni yoqadi
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ฏ Wildcard mask nima qiladi?
Wildcard
Ma'nosi
0.0.0.0
Faqat aynan shu IP
0.0.0.255
/24 dagi barcha IP lar
255.255.255.255
Barcha interfeyslari
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ก 1 gap bilan yodla:
Network statement โ tarmoq e'lon qilmaydi, interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ Bu bilim CCNP/CCIE imtihonlarida tez-tez chiqadi!
๐ Buni bilardingmidingiz?
Komentariyada kutib qolamiz!
@cisco_server
#OSPF #Cisco #CCNA #CCNP #CCIE #Networking #Tarmoq | 904 |
| 16 | #Encore
๐ก ENCOR 350-401 | Chapter 7
๐ก EIGRP โ CCNA da aytilmagan KEY POINTS
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ง DUAL Algoritmi
EIGRP oddiy distance vector emas. DUAL
(Diffusing Update Algorithm) loop-free
backup yo'llarni oldindan hisoblaydi va
convergence ni tezlashtiradi.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ FD, RD va Feasibility Condition
- FD (Feasible Distance) โ router o'zi
hisoblagan to'liq path metric
- RD (Reported Distance) โ qo'shni
e'lon qilgan o'z masofasi
- Feasibility Condition:
โ
RD < FD โ Feasible Successor
โ RD โฅ FD โ Backup sifatida qabul
qilinmaydi (loop xavfi)
๐ก RD โ bu qo'shni masofasi, to'liq
path metric emas! Path metric = RD +
o'zingning link cost.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ๏ธ Unequal-Cost Load Balancing
EIGRP variance multiplier orqali har xil
metrikdagi yo'llarni bir vaqtda ishlatadi.
Variance = Feasible Successor FD รท
Successor FD (yuqoriga yaxlitlanadi)
Feasible Successor FD < Variance qiymati
bo'lsa โ RIB ga o'rnatiladi.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ Convergence: Passive vs Active
- Passive (P) โ topology barqaror โ
- Active (A) โ yo'l yo'qoldi, DUAL
hisoblash boshlandi โ๏ธ
Feasible Successor bor โ darhol
Passive ga qaytadi (hech kim bilmaydi)
Feasible Successor yo'q โ Query jarayoni
boshlanadi.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐จ Query / Reply Mexanizmi
Query kelganda router MAJBURIY javob
berishi shart. 2 ta to'g'ri javob:
1๏ธโฃ "Bu prefix menda yo'q"
2๏ธโฃ "Menda boshqa yo'l bor" (+ attributes)
Jim qolish = o'lim ๐
Reply Status Flag โ router yuborgan har
bir query uchun, har bir qo'shni bo'yicha
alohida kuzatiladi. Barcha flag = 0
bo'lganda DUAL yakunlanadi.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ SIA โ Stuck In Active
Query ga 3 daqiqada reply kelmasa โ
adjacency RESET (faqat o'sha prefix emas,
BARCHA prefix lar uchun!)
1.5 daqiqada SIA-Query yuboriladi:
"Sen tiriksan, lekin nima bo'ldi?"
Hello timer โ SIA-Query:
- Hello โ "Qo'shni tirikmi?" (adjacency)
- SIA-Query โ "DUAL hisoblash
tugatdingmi?" (computation)
Router tirik bo'la turib ham javob bera
olmasligi mumkin โ chunki u ham chuqurroq
birovni kutmoqda!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ฆ Classic vs Wide Metrics
Classic โ delay 10ฮผs, bandwidth kbps
โ 11 Gbps va 50 Gbps ni ajrata olmaydi
Wide โ delay pikosekund (10โปยนยฒ),
65,536 ga ko'paytirilgan
โ
655 Tbps gacha masshtab
Kโ โ jitter, energy kabi extended
attribute lar uchun qo'shimcha qiymat
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐บ Route Summarization โ Null0 siri
R2 summary advertise qilganda o'z
routing table iga avtomatik:
172.16.0.0/16 โ Null0 โ๏ธ
qo'shadi.
Mavjud bo'lmagan /24 ga paket kelsa:
โ Longest Match โ Null0 โ DROP
โ Loop emas, Black Hole nazorat ostida
โ ๏ธ Summarization ishlashi uchun har bir
region ga UNIQUE address blok berilishi
shart. Bir xil summary โ Black Hole!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โฑ๏ธ Timers
Fast Slow (T1โ)
Hello โ 5 sec โ 60 sec
Hold โ 15 sec โ 180 sec
Hold = Hello ร 3 (default)
Hold = 0 โ neighbor unreachable โ
DUAL ga topology change xabari
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
#EIGRP #CCNP #ENCOR #Networking
@cisco_server | 1 027 |
| 17 | Deyarli hammamizda vaqt yo'q, ulgurmayapman, nimadan boshlashni bilmayapman degan hisiyotlar o'tadi.
""Kompyuterda uzoq vaqtdan buyon yopilmay yotgan "Vkladkalar" qanchalik RAMni sarflasa, oxiriga yetmagan ishlarimiz bilan ham huddi shunday bo'ladi""
Shu muammodan qutilish uchun ushbu qarmoqlar usulidan foydalaning , miyyangizdagi hamma o'y fikrlarni daftarga tushirib qo'ying.
Shunda miyya ancha bo'shaydi, ana endi o'sha ishlarni ichidan bir qarab chiqib 2-5 minutda bitadiganlarini birinchi ajratib olib xozirni o'zida bajarib qo'ying.
Qolgan katta zadachalaringizni qanday bajarish maqqulligi qiziq bo'lsa, reaksiyalaringizga qarab uni ham ossonroq hal etish yo'lini o'rgataman.
@cisco_server | 1 169 |
| 18 | โ๏ธ Longest prefix โ har doim birinchi
โ๏ธ EIGRP internal AD = 90 (OSPF dan ustun)
โ๏ธ iBGP AD = 200 (eng past ishonch)
โ๏ธ Ethernet + static = Fully Specified
โ๏ธ Holddown = yaxshi info ni bloklaydi
โ๏ธ OSPF Full state = LSDB sinxron
โ๏ธ ECMP = barcha IGP
โ๏ธ Unequal-Cost = faqat EIGRP
โ๏ธ vrf forwarding โ keyin ip address
โ๏ธ Null0 = summary + loop prevention
โ๏ธ RIB = Control Plane
โ๏ธ FIB = Data Plane
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert Guide
2nd Edition โ Chapter 6
โ๏ธ CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure seriyasidan @cisco_server | 0 |
| 19 | #Encore
๐ก ENCOR 350-401 | Chapter 6
IP Routing Essentials
๐ฅ CCNA da aytilmagan KEY POINTS
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
1๏ธโฃ TERMINOLOGIYA FARQI
Path โ ikki tarmoq orasidagi mavjud havolalar
Route โ routing protokoli tanlagan yo'l (RIB da)
โก๏ธ CCNA da path = route deyiladi
ENCOR da bular FARQ QILADI
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
2๏ธโฃ RIP TIMERLAR
๐ Update โ 30s (table yuborish)
๐ Invalid โ 180s (update kelmasa โ invalid)
๐ Holddown โ 180s (yomon info bloklash)
๐ Flush โ 240s (table dan o'chirish)
โก๏ธ Holddown nima qiladi?
Route tushgandan keyin 180s davomida
"yaxshi" yangi ma'lumotni QABUL QILMAYDI
โ Routing loop oldini oladi
โก๏ธ RIP da Hello YO'Q
Qo'shni o'ligini 180s kutib bilib oladi
(OSPF = 40s, EIGRP = 15s)
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
3๏ธโฃ OSPF FLOODING QACHON TUGAYDI?
Down โ Init โ 2-Way โ Exchange โ FULL
โก๏ธ Router "tugadi" deb bilmaydi
U LSDB ni qo'shnisi bilan TAQQOSLAYDI
Full state = LSDB bir xil = sinxron
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
4๏ธโฃ PATH SELECTION โ 3 QADAM
1. Prefix Length /28 > /26 > /24
2. AD past AD โ ustun
3. Metric past metric โ ustun
๐ DEFAULT AD JADVALI
Connected โ 0
Static โ 1
eBGP โ 20
EIGRP internal โ 90 โ
OSPF โ 110 โ
IS-IS โ 115
RIPv2 โ 120
EIGRP external โ 170
iBGP โ 200 โ
โก๏ธ iBGP AD = 200
CCNA da o'tilmaydi
BGP iBGP path tanlasa โ RIB ga AD=200
OSPF (110) uni preempt QILMAYDI
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
5๏ธโฃ ECMP vs UNEQUAL LOAD BALANCING
ECMP โ barcha IGP (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS)
โข Metric bir xil โ ikkala path RIB ga
โข Traffic teng taqsimlanadi
Unequal-Cost โ FAQAT EIGRP
โข Default o'chiq โ variance bilan yoqiladi
โข Metric farqli โ nisbatga qarab taqsimlaydi
โก๏ธ show ip route โ ECMP ko'rinadi
โก๏ธ show ip route x.x.x.x โ traffic share count
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
6๏ธโฃ STATIC ROUTE โ 3 TUR
Directly Attached
ip route net mask INTERFACE
โ Faqat P2P (Serial) da ishlating!
Recursive
ip route net mask NEXT-HOP-IP
โ Ethernet da xavfli โ link tushsa
noto'g'ri interfeysga o'tib ketadi
Fully Specified โ
ip route net mask INTERFACE NEXT-HOP-IP
โ Ethernet + static = HAR DOIM shu!
โก๏ธ Ethernet + Directly Attached = XATO
Har paket uchun ARP ishlaydi
โ CPU va xotira sarflanadi โ tizim beqaror
โก๏ธ Ethernet + Recursive = XAVFLI
Link tushsa โ RIP 180s kutadi
Static darhol noto'g'ri yo'lga o'tadi
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
7๏ธโฃ FLOATING STATIC โ BACKUP TEXNIKA
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.1.1.2 10
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Serial1/0 210
AD=10 โ asosiy (RIB da ko'rinadi)
AD=210 โ backup (asosiy tushsa faollashadi)
โก๏ธ AD o'zgartirish routing loop ga
olib kelishi mumkin โ ehtiyot bo'ling!
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
8๏ธโฃ NULL0 โ LOOP OLDINI OLISH
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 Null0
Aniq route (longer match) โ yo'naltiriladi โ
Aniq route yo'q โ Null0 DROP โ
(loop yo'q)
โก๏ธ Summary route + Null0 = standart pattern
ISP lar va enterprise da keng ishlatiladi
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
9๏ธโฃ VRF โ KOMANDALAR TARTIBI
vrf definition MGMT
address-family ipv4
interface GigabitEthernet0/3
vrf forwarding MGMT
ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0
โก๏ธ vrf forwarding kiritilganda
IP manzil AVTOMATIK o'chadi โ normal holat!
Keyin qayta yozing
โก๏ธ show ip route โ VRF interfeyslar KO'RINMAYDI
show ip route vrf MGMT โ ko'rinadi
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
๐ RIB vs FIB โ ENG MUHIM FARQ
RIB (Routing Table)
โข Control Plane
โข RAM da saqlanadi
โข Best path hisoblash
โข show ip route
FIB / CEF (Forwarding Table)
โข Data Plane
โข TCAM โ hardware darajasida
โข Real paket yo'naltirish
โข show ip cef
โก๏ธ SDN va Controller-based arxitekturada
Control Plane va Data Plane ajratish
ENCOR ning asosiy mavzularidan biri
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ
IMTIHON UCHUN CHEAT SHEET | 1 159 |
| 20 |  Video message | 1 223 |
