اکنون در دسترس! پژوهش تلگرام ۲۰۲۵ — مهمترین بینشهای سال 
Cisco and Server
رفتن به کانال در Telegram
Tarmoq administratorligi (Cisco) va Tizim administratorligi (Server)ni biz bilan o'rganing. Bularning hammasi @cisco_server kanalida... Adminlar bilan bog'lanish uchun 👉 Serverlar bo'yicha: @uzbekiston_erkatoyi Cisco bo'yicha: @ciscoucell va @Dream_0044
نمایش بیشتر2 433
مشترکین
+124 ساعت
+97 روز
+2930 روز
در حال بارگیری داده...
کانالهای مشابه
ابر برچسبها
هیچ دادهای
مشکلی وجود دارد؟ لطفاً صفحه را تازه کنید یا با مدیر پشتیبانی ما تماس بگیرید.
اشارات ورودی و خروجی
---
---
---
---
---
---
جذب مشترکین
ژوئن '26
ژوئن '26
+26
در 0 کانالها
مه '26
+103
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
آوریل '26
+80
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
مارس '26
+34
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
فوریه '26
+97
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
ژانویه '26
+62
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
دسامبر '25
+51
در 2 کانالها
Get PRO
نوامبر '25
+49
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
اکتبر '25
+75
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
سپتامبر '25
+100
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
اوت '25
+86
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئیه '25
+38
در 2 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئن '25
+70
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
مه '25
+78
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
آوریل '25
+75
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
مارس '25
+70
در 2 کانالها
Get PRO
فوریه '25
+72
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژانویه '25
+80
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
دسامبر '24
+69
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
نوامبر '24
+89
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
اکتبر '24
+79
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
سپتامبر '24
+66
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
اوت '24
+79
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئیه '24
+84
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئن '24
+73
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
مه '24
+105
در 5 کانالها
Get PRO
آوریل '24
+135
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
مارس '24
+143
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
فوریه '24
+116
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژانویه '24
+180
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
دسامبر '23
+120
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
نوامبر '23
+116
در 1 کانالها
Get PRO
اکتبر '23
+89
در 3 کانالها
Get PRO
سپتامبر '23
+47
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
اوت '23
+44
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئیه '23
+23
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئن '23
+42
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
مه '23
+68
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
آوریل '23
+27
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
مارس '23
+39
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
فوریه '23
+36
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژانویه '23
+55
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
دسامبر '22
+50
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
نوامبر '22
+66
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
اکتبر '22
+97
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
سپتامبر '22
+55
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
اوت '22
+68
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئیه '22
+45
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئن '22
+62
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
مه '22
+47
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
آوریل '22
+60
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
مارس '22
+119
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
فوریه '22
+61
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژانویه '22
+72
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
دسامبر '21
+34
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
نوامبر '21
+124
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
اکتبر '21
+83
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
سپتامبر '21
+65
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
اوت '21
+14
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئیه '21
+66
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژوئن '21
+13
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
مه '21
+62
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
آوریل '21
+72
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
مارس '21
+78
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
فوریه '21
+133
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
ژانویه '21
+100
در 0 کانالها
Get PRO
دسامبر '20
+736
در 0 کانالها
| تاریخ | رشد مشترکین | اشارات | کانالها | |
| 11 ژوئن | +1 | |||
| 10 ژوئن | +2 | |||
| 09 ژوئن | +1 | |||
| 08 ژوئن | +2 | |||
| 07 ژوئن | 0 | |||
| 06 ژوئن | +2 | |||
| 05 ژوئن | +5 | |||
| 04 ژوئن | +5 | |||
| 03 ژوئن | +3 | |||
| 02 ژوئن | +4 | |||
| 01 ژوئن | +1 |
پستهای کانال
🌐 DNS Checker — domeningiz dunyo bo'ylab "tarqaldimi" yo'qmi, bir clickda bilishingiz mumkin!
Saytingizning DNS yozuvlarini o'zgartirdingizmi? Yangi domen yoki subdomen ochdingizmi? Hosting almashtirdingizmi?
Unda sizga dnschecker.org kerak bo'ladi! 🔥
⚙️ Bu nima qiladi? DNS o'zgarishlari butun dunyo bo'ylab darhol tarqalmaydi — bu jarayon 48 soatgacha vaqt olishi mumkin. DNS Checker esa dunyoning 100+ davlatidagi serverlardan sizning domeningizni tekshirib, qayerda yangilangan-u qayerda hali eski ma'lumot turganini xaritada ko'rsatib beradi! 🗺
✅ — DNS yangilangan ❌ — hali yangilanmagan
📋 Tekshirsa bo'ladigan yozuvlar: 🔹 A / AAAA — IP manzil (IPv4 / IPv6) 🔹 CNAME — subdomenni asosiy domenga bog'lash 🔹 MX — pochta serverlari 🔹 NS — nameserverlar 🔹 TXT — SPF, DKIM, DMARC sozlamalari 🔹 va boshqa ko'plab yozuvlar (SOA, CAA, PTR, SRV...)
💡 Bonus: Saytda DNS tekshirishdan tashqari yana ko'plab bepul foydali asboblar bor — "What is my IP", SSL sertifikat tekshiruvi, port scanner, WHOIS lookup, QR scanner va h.k.
🆓 To'liq bepul, ro'yxatdan o'tish shart emas!
🔗 dnschecker.org
#DNS #Hosting #Domen #WebDev #ITbilim
| 2 | 🎓 CISCO SERTIFIKATINGIZ MUDDATI TUGAYAPTIMI?
✅ Imtihon topshirmasdan CCNA va CCNP sertifikatlarini qanday uzaytirish mumkinligini bilib oling!
📹 Yangi video yuklandi!
Bu videoda:
🔹 CE Credits nima ekanligi
🔹 CCNA uchun 30 kredit qanday yig'iladi
🔹 CCNP uchun 80 kredit qanday yig'iladi
🔹 Bepul Cisco kurslaridan kredit yig'ish yo'llari
🔹 Recertify qilishning to'liq jarayoni
💡 Cisco sertifikatini yangilash uchun har doim imtihon topshirish shart emas — CE Credits orqali ham mumkin!
▶️ Videoni tomosha qiling:
https://youtu.be/vsO5LPpbNKQ?si=fKDvlT4E0SP5-VNk
👍 Foydali bo'lsa do'stlaringiz bilan ulashing!
@uzbekonacisco
#Cisco #CCNA #CCNP #CECredits #Recertification #ITUzbek #NetworkingUzbek | 515 |
| 3 | Yoz oyi uchun hech qanday kursga borishni reja qilmay turing, rad etib bo'lmaydigan taklif tayyorlayapmiz sizlar uchun.
Bugun CCNA/CCNP sertifikati borlar uchun, qanday qilib exam topshirmasdan turib, sertifikatni amal qilish muddatini yana 3yildan 9 yilgacha cho'zish mumkinligini ko'rsatib bersam nima deysizlar?
@uzbekonacisco | 549 |
| 4 |  پیام ویدیو | 947 |
| 5 | 🖥 Cisco CML (Modeling Labs) — Bepul versiya haqida bilasizmi?
Cisco CML — bu tarmoq muhandislari va talabalar uchun virtual laboratoriya muhiti. Real Cisco qurilmalarini simulyatsiya qilish imkonini beradi!
🆓 CML Free versiyasida nima bor?
5 tagacha node ishlatish imkoniyati
Asosiy Cisco qurilmalari (router, switch)
Web-based interfeys
Topologiyalarni saqlash va yuklash
⚙️ Texnik talablar:
8 GB RAM (minimum)
4 vCPU
KVM gipervizoriga asoslangan
Ubuntu Linux muhiti
Free versiyasida faqatgina 5tagacha qurilma qo'shishingiz mumkin, personal va personal + tariflarida 200-400$ to'lab, 20-40tagacha host qo'shib test qilish mumkin.
@cisco_server | 986 |
| 6 |  پیام ویدیو | 901 |
| 7 |  پیام ویدیو | 1 089 |
| 8 |  #new_ccna
Shogirtimizdan Hayitga Sovg'a.
Alloh hayirli qilsin.
@uzbekonacisco.uz | 1 494 |
| 9 |  🔴 OSPFv3 — CCNA da aytilmaydigan narsalar
(Chapter 10 — ENCOR 350-401)
Ko'pchilik OSPFv3 ni "OSPFv2 ning IPv6 versiyasi" deb biladi. Lekin bu to'liq to'g'ri emas. Keling, chuqurroq qaraymiz 👇
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1️⃣ IP manzil va topologiya ajratildi
OSPFv2 da Router LSA ichida topologiya ham, IP prefix ham birga yurardi. Yangi IP qo'shsang → butun SPF qayta hisoblandi.
OSPFv3 da bular ajratildi: → Router LSA = faqat topologiya → Intra-area Prefix LSA = faqat IP manzillar
Natija: IP o'zgarganda SPF qayta ishlamaydi ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
2️⃣ Authentication OSPF dan chiqarildi
OSPFv2 da authentication to'g'ridan-to'g'ri OSPF packet ichida edi.
OSPFv3 da bu vazifa IPsec Extension Header ga o'tkazildi. OSPF packet header 24 byte dan 16 byte ga tushdi.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
3️⃣ Umumiy subnet shart emas
OSPFv2: qo'shni bo'lish uchun bir xil subnet bo'lishi shart ✋
OSPFv3: ikki router subnet'lari farqli bo'lsa ham, link-local manzil bir xil linkda bo'lsa — adjacency o'rnatiladi ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
4️⃣ LSA flooding yangicha ishlaydi
Har bir LSA da endi LS Type maydoni bor (16-bit). Uning ichidagi bitlar:
U-bit → noma'lum LSA ni drop qilma, forward qil S1/S2 → flooding qayerga borishi kerakligini belgilaydi:
00 → faqat shu link
01 → faqat shu area
10 → butun OSPF domain
OSPFv2 da bu "hardcoded" edi 🤯
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
5️⃣ Instance ID — kam bilinadi
Bir xil segmentda turli OSPFv3 guruhlarni ajratish mumkin.
R1 (Instance 0) ↔️ R2 (Instance 0) ✅
R1 (Instance 0) ↔️ R3 (Instance 1) ❌
Instance ID mos kelmasa → packet ignore qilinadi. Xuddi "parol" kabi 🔑
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
6️⃣ OSPFv3 = IPv4 + IPv6 bir jarayonda
RFC 5838 ga ko'ra OSPFv3 bitta jarayon ichida IPv4 va IPv6 ni bir vaqtda ishlata oladi.
ospfv3 1 ipv6 area 0 → IPv6 uchun
ospfv3 1 ipv4 area 0 → IPv4 uchun
CCNA da bu umuman aytilmaydi 😏
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
7️⃣ IPv6 summarization da yashirin xato
2001:DB8::/65 ni hisoblayotganda ko'pchilik 0x20 = 20 deb o'ylaydi.
To'g'risi: 0x20 = 32 (decimal) ‼️
Har doim hex kalkulyator ishlatish — bir xatoni oldini oladi.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
@cisco_server | 1 253 |
| 10 | 📡 OSPF — CCNA da aytilmagan sirlar
(Chapter 9 — ENCOR 350-401)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
CCNA da OSPF ni "o'rgandim" deb o'ylaysizmi? 😏
Mana CCIE darajasidagi haqiqat 👇
━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔴 1. LSA lar — 6 xil, siz 2 tasini bilasiz
CCNA: "Type 1 va Type 2 bor"
Aslida:
Type 1 → Router o'zi (area ichida)
Type 2 → DR (multi-access segment)
Type 3 → ABR (arealar orasida) ⭐️
Type 4 → ABR (ASBR qayerda?)
Type 5 → ASBR (external routes)
Type 7 → NSSA ichida external routes
💡 Eng muhimi: Type 3 ni ABR yaratadi, router emas!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔴 2. ABR — oddiy router emas
ABR uchun 3 ta TEMIR QOIDA:
▪️ Type 1 LSA kelsa → backbone VA non-backbone areaga Type 3 yarat
▪️ Area 0 dan Type 3 kelsa → faqat non-backbone area uchun yarat
▪️ Non-backbone dan Type 3 kelsa → boshqa areaga HECH QACHON yuborma!
⚠️ Bu qoidani bilmasang →
Discontiguous network tuzog'iga tushasiz!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔴 3. LSA Age — router "o'lganini" qanday bilasiz?
Age = 0 → LSA tug'ildi
Age = 1800s → Router "Tirikman!" deb yangi LSA yuboradi ♻️
Age = 3600s → LSA o'ladi,
LSDB dan o'chadi ❌
💡 Lekin amalda router o'chsa
40 soniyada Dead Interval ishga tushadi
3600s ni kutmaysiz!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔴 4. Intra-area DOIM g'alaba qiladi
R1 dan R4 ga 2 ta yo'l:
▪️ Ethernet: metric 5 (inter-area)
▪️ Serial: metric 111 (intra-area)
OSPF serial ni tanlaydi! 😲
Sababi:
Intra-area > Inter-area >External
Metrika emas — YO'L TURI muhim!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔴 5. Summarization — LSDB ni
o'zgartiradigan qurol
Summarizationsiz:
Area 1 → 15 ta Type 3 LSA → Area 0 😓
Summarization bilan:
Area 1 → 1 ta Type 3 LSA → Area 0 ✅
Buyrug'i:
area 12 range 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
Bonus: not-advertise qo'shsang →
route filter ham bo'ladi! 🎯
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔴 6. Discontiguous Network —
ko'pchilik tushmaydigan tuzoq
Area 0 uzluksiz bo'lmasa nima bo'ladi?
Area 12 — Area 23 — Area 34
Traffic Area 23 dan o'tmoqchi →
OSPF bu ABR qoidalari tufayli
routelarni inject QILMAYDI ❌
Yechim: Area 0 ni doim
CONTIGUOUS saqlang! ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
💎 XULOSA — CCNA vs CCNP/CCIE
CCNA: "OSPF area bor, DR bor"
CCNP: "LSA turlari, ABR qoidalari"
CCIE: "Nima uchun shunday ishlaydi?"
Eng kuchli network engineer —
protokolni ichidan tushunadigani! 🧠
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👇 Savol bo'lsa — kommentga yozing!
@cisco_server | 939 |
| 11 | 🧠 CCNA da aytishmagan OSPF sirlari! (Chapter 8 — ENCOR 350-401) 2-qism.
#6 — OSPF Process izolyatsiyasi 🔒
router ospf 1 → O'z LSDB si
router ospf 2 → O'z LSDB si
Ikkalasi bir-birini ko'rmaydi!
redistribute ospf 1 ← shu bo'lmasa
marshrut o'tmaydi
Real hayotda: Ikki kompaniya birlashdi, har birida alohida OSPF process bor — redistribute qilmasang ular ko'r! 👁
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#7 — Passive Interface: Noto'g'ri tushuncha ❗️
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"Passive interface = OSPF o'chirildi" ❌
Aslida:
Passive Interface:
✅ Tarmoq LSDB ga qo'shiladi
✅ OSPF e'lon qilinadi
❌ Hello yuborilmaydi
❌ Neighbor bo'lmaydi
Tarmoqni e'lon qil, lekin neighbor qabul qilma! 🎯
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#8 — Network Statement haqiqiy vazifasi 🎭
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"10.0.0.0 tarmoqni e'lon qiladi" ❌
Aslida:
"10.0.0.x IP li interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI" ✅
Interfeysning o'zi LSA orqali e'lon qilinadi — network statement emas!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#9 — DR saylovida RID tuzog'i ⚠️
Barcha priority = 1 (default)
↓
RID taqqoslanadi
↓
Eng katta RID = DR
❌ Yomon amaliyot:
RID ni o'zgartirish orqali DR ni boshqarish
✅ Professional amaliyot:
ip ospf priority 100 ← DR bo'lsin
ip ospf priority 0 ← hech qachon DR bo'lmasin
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#10 — ExStart: Yashirin muammo 🔍
Ikki router ExStart holatida qolib ketdi?
Sabab ko'pincha:
MTU mismatch! ← 90% holat
DBD paket o'tmayapti
Tekshirish:
show ip ospf neighbor ← ExStart ko'rinsa
show interface ← MTU tekshir
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
💬 Qaysi biri sizni hayratda qoldirdi? Izohda yozing! 👇
@cisco_server | 813 |
| 12 | 🧠 CCNA da aytishmagan OSPF sirlari! (Chapter 8 — ENCOR 350-401) 2-qism.
#6 — OSPF Process izolyatsiyasi 🔒
router ospf 1 → O'z LSDB si
router ospf 2 → O'z LSDB si
Ikkalasi bir-birini ko'rmaydi!
redistribute ospf 1 ← shu bo'lmasa
marshrut o'tmaydi
Real hayotda: Ikki kompaniya birlashdi, har birida alohida OSPF process bor — redistribute qilmasang ular ko'r! 👁
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#7 — Passive Interface: Noto'g'ri tushuncha ❗️
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"Passive interface = OSPF o'chirildi" ❌
Aslida:
Passive Interface:
✅ Tarmoq LSDB ga qo'shiladi
✅ OSPF e'lon qilinadi
❌ Hello yuborilmaydi
❌ Neighbor bo'lmaydi
Tarmoqni e'lon qil, lekin neighbor qabul qilma! 🎯
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#8 — Network Statement haqiqiy vazifasi 🎭
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Ko'pchilik o'ylaydi:
"10.0.0.0 tarmoqni e'lon qiladi" ❌
Aslida:
"10.0.0.x IP li interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI" ✅
Interfeysning o'zi LSA orqali e'lon qilinadi — network statement emas!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#9 — DR saylovida RID tuzog'i ⚠️
Barcha priority = 1 (default)
↓
RID taqqoslanadi
↓
Eng katta RID = DR
❌ Yomon amaliyot:
RID ni o'zgartirish orqali DR ni boshqarish
✅ Professional amaliyot:
ip ospf priority 100 ← DR bo'lsin
ip ospf priority 0 ← hech qachon DR bo'lmasin
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#10 — ExStart: Yashirin muammo 🔍
Ikki router ExStart holatida qolib ketdi?
Sabab ko'pincha:
MTU mismatch! ← 90% holat
DBD paket o'tmayapti
Tekshirish:
show ip ospf neighbor ← ExStart ko'rinsa
show interface ← MTU tekshir
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
💬 Qaysi biri sizni hayratda qoldirdi? Izohda yozing! 👇
@cisco_server | 0 |
| 13 | 🧠 CCNA da aytishmagan OSPF sirlari! (Chapter 8 — ENCOR 350-401)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#1 — DR preemption yo'q! 🚫
Ko'pchilik bilmaydi: DR saylovdan keyin yangi, yaxshiroq router kelsa ham DR o'zgarmaydi!
R4 = DR (priority: 1)
R1 keldi (priority: 100) 👑
Natija: R4 HALI HAM DR! 😮
DR o'zgarishi uchun:
clear ip ospf process ← majburiy!
OSPF DR preemptive emas — bu dizayn qarori!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#2 — Wait Timer: Ko'pchilik bilmagan taymер ⏳
Router yonganda darhol DR saylovga qatnashmaydi!
Router yondi
↓
Wait Timer = 40 soniya ⏳
↓
Boshqalar yonishini kutadi
↓
Keyin saylov! ✅
Nega?
Agar kutmasа → Birinchi yongan router doim DR bo'lib qolardi! ❌
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#3 — OSPF Cost muammosi 📊
Default reference bandwidth = 100 Mbps
FastEthernet (100M) → Cost: 1
GigabitEthernet (1G) → Cost: 1
10 GigabitEthernet → Cost: 1
❌ Hammasi bir xil! OSPF tezroq yo'lni topa olmaydi!
Yechim:
auto-cost reference-bandwidth 40000
FastEthernet → Cost: 400
GigabitEth → Cost: 40
10GigE → Cost: 4
✅ Endi farq bor!
⚠️ Barcha routerlarda bir xil qiymat bo'lishi SHART!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#4 — Loopback /32 muammosi 🔄
interface Loopback0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
OSPF e'lon qiladi: 192.168.1.1/32 😮 /24 emas!
Yechim:
interface Loopback0
ip ospf network point-to-point
Endi OSPF e'lon qiladi: 192.168.1.0/24 ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#5 — MTU mismatch: Yashirin dushman 👻
R1 MTU: 1500 byte
R2 MTU: 1400 byte
Natija:
Neighbor: ✅ ko'rinadi
Adjacency: ❌ FULL bo'lmaydi!
Exchange holatida qolib ketadi 😱
Tezkor yechim:
ip ospf mtu-ignore ← tekshirishni o'chir
Professional yechim:
MTU larni bir xil qil! ← asil yechim
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Davomi bor...
@cisco_server | 840 |
| 14 | 🔥 Ko'pchilik bilmagan OSPF sirlari — #1
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
❓ Savol: Quyidagi komanda nima qiladi?
router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Ko'pchilikning fikri::
"10.0.0.0 tarmoqni OSPF ga e'lon qiladi" — NOTO'G'RI ❌
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
✅ To'g'ri javob:
network komandasi tarmoqni emas — interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI!
Keyin o'sha interfeys LSA orqali o'zi e'lon qilinadi 📡
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Misol bilan tushunamiz:
Router 3 ta interfeysi bor:
Gi0/0 → 10.0.0.1 ✅ mos keladi
Gi0/1 → 10.0.10.1 ❌ mos kelmaydi
Gi0/2 → 192.168.1.1 ❌ mos kelmaydi
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 👆 Bu komanda faqat Gi0/0 da OSPF ni yoqadi
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Wildcard mask nima qiladi?
Wildcard
Ma'nosi
0.0.0.0
Faqat aynan shu IP
0.0.0.255
/24 dagi barcha IP lar
255.255.255.255
Barcha interfeyslari
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
💡 1 gap bilan yodla:
Network statement — tarmoq e'lon qilmaydi, interfeysdagi OSPF ni YOQADI!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 Bu bilim CCNP/CCIE imtihonlarida tez-tez chiqadi!
👇 Buni bilardingmidingiz?
Komentariyada kutib qolamiz!
@cisco_server
#OSPF #Cisco #CCNA #CCNP #CCIE #Networking #Tarmoq | 901 |
| 15 | #Encore
📡 ENCOR 350-401 | Chapter 7
📡 EIGRP — CCNA da aytilmagan KEY POINTS
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 DUAL Algoritmi
EIGRP oddiy distance vector emas. DUAL
(Diffusing Update Algorithm) loop-free
backup yo'llarni oldindan hisoblaydi va
convergence ni tezlashtiradi.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📊 FD, RD va Feasibility Condition
- FD (Feasible Distance) — router o'zi
hisoblagan to'liq path metric
- RD (Reported Distance) — qo'shni
e'lon qilgan o'z masofasi
- Feasibility Condition:
✅ RD < FD → Feasible Successor
❌ RD ≥ FD → Backup sifatida qabul
qilinmaydi (loop xavfi)
💡 RD — bu qo'shni masofasi, to'liq
path metric emas! Path metric = RD +
o'zingning link cost.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⚖️ Unequal-Cost Load Balancing
EIGRP variance multiplier orqali har xil
metrikdagi yo'llarni bir vaqtda ishlatadi.
Variance = Feasible Successor FD ÷
Successor FD (yuqoriga yaxlitlanadi)
Feasible Successor FD < Variance qiymati
bo'lsa → RIB ga o'rnatiladi.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔄 Convergence: Passive vs Active
- Passive (P) → topology barqaror ✅
- Active (A) → yo'l yo'qoldi, DUAL
hisoblash boshlandi ⚙️
Feasible Successor bor → darhol
Passive ga qaytadi (hech kim bilmaydi)
Feasible Successor yo'q → Query jarayoni
boshlanadi.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📨 Query / Reply Mexanizmi
Query kelganda router MAJBURIY javob
berishi shart. 2 ta to'g'ri javob:
1️⃣ "Bu prefix menda yo'q"
2️⃣ "Menda boshqa yo'l bor" (+ attributes)
Jim qolish = o'lim 💀
Reply Status Flag — router yuborgan har
bir query uchun, har bir qo'shni bo'yicha
alohida kuzatiladi. Barcha flag = 0
bo'lganda DUAL yakunlanadi.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🆘 SIA — Stuck In Active
Query ga 3 daqiqada reply kelmasa →
adjacency RESET (faqat o'sha prefix emas,
BARCHA prefix lar uchun!)
1.5 daqiqada SIA-Query yuboriladi:
"Sen tiriksan, lekin nima bo'ldi?"
Hello timer ≠ SIA-Query:
- Hello → "Qo'shni tirikmi?" (adjacency)
- SIA-Query → "DUAL hisoblash
tugatdingmi?" (computation)
Router tirik bo'la turib ham javob bera
olmasligi mumkin — chunki u ham chuqurroq
birovni kutmoqda!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📦 Classic vs Wide Metrics
Classic → delay 10μs, bandwidth kbps
❌ 11 Gbps va 50 Gbps ni ajrata olmaydi
Wide → delay pikosekund (10⁻¹²),
65,536 ga ko'paytirilgan
✅ 655 Tbps gacha masshtab
K₆ → jitter, energy kabi extended
attribute lar uchun qo'shimcha qiymat
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🗺 Route Summarization — Null0 siri
R2 summary advertise qilganda o'z
routing table iga avtomatik:
172.16.0.0/16 → Null0 ⛔️
qo'shadi.
Mavjud bo'lmagan /24 ga paket kelsa:
→ Longest Match → Null0 → DROP
→ Loop emas, Black Hole nazorat ostida
⚠️ Summarization ishlashi uchun har bir
region ga UNIQUE address blok berilishi
shart. Bir xil summary → Black Hole!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⏱️ Timers
Fast Slow (T1↓)
Hello │ 5 sec │ 60 sec
Hold │ 15 sec │ 180 sec
Hold = Hello × 3 (default)
Hold = 0 → neighbor unreachable →
DUAL ga topology change xabari
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
#EIGRP #CCNP #ENCOR #Networking
@cisco_server | 1 021 |
| 16 | Deyarli hammamizda vaqt yo'q, ulgurmayapman, nimadan boshlashni bilmayapman degan hisiyotlar o'tadi.
""Kompyuterda uzoq vaqtdan buyon yopilmay yotgan "Vkladkalar" qanchalik RAMni sarflasa, oxiriga yetmagan ishlarimiz bilan ham huddi shunday bo'ladi""
Shu muammodan qutilish uchun ushbu qarmoqlar usulidan foydalaning , miyyangizdagi hamma o'y fikrlarni daftarga tushirib qo'ying.
Shunda miyya ancha bo'shaydi, ana endi o'sha ishlarni ichidan bir qarab chiqib 2-5 minutda bitadiganlarini birinchi ajratib olib xozirni o'zida bajarib qo'ying.
Qolgan katta zadachalaringizni qanday bajarish maqqulligi qiziq bo'lsa, reaksiyalaringizga qarab uni ham ossonroq hal etish yo'lini o'rgataman.
@cisco_server | 1 159 |
| 17 | ☑️ Longest prefix → har doim birinchi
☑️ EIGRP internal AD = 90 (OSPF dan ustun)
☑️ iBGP AD = 200 (eng past ishonch)
☑️ Ethernet + static = Fully Specified
☑️ Holddown = yaxshi info ni bloklaydi
☑️ OSPF Full state = LSDB sinxron
☑️ ECMP = barcha IGP
☑️ Unequal-Cost = faqat EIGRP
☑️ vrf forwarding → keyin ip address
☑️ Null0 = summary + loop prevention
☑️ RIB = Control Plane
☑️ FIB = Data Plane
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📚 ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert Guide
2nd Edition — Chapter 6
✍️ CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure seriyasidan @cisco_server | 0 |
| 18 | #Encore
📡 ENCOR 350-401 | Chapter 6
IP Routing Essentials
🔥 CCNA da aytilmagan KEY POINTS
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1️⃣ TERMINOLOGIYA FARQI
Path — ikki tarmoq orasidagi mavjud havolalar
Route — routing protokoli tanlagan yo'l (RIB da)
⚡️ CCNA da path = route deyiladi
ENCOR da bular FARQ QILADI
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
2️⃣ RIP TIMERLAR
🕐 Update → 30s (table yuborish)
🕐 Invalid → 180s (update kelmasa → invalid)
🕐 Holddown → 180s (yomon info bloklash)
🕐 Flush → 240s (table dan o'chirish)
⚡️ Holddown nima qiladi?
Route tushgandan keyin 180s davomida
"yaxshi" yangi ma'lumotni QABUL QILMAYDI
→ Routing loop oldini oladi
⚡️ RIP da Hello YO'Q
Qo'shni o'ligini 180s kutib bilib oladi
(OSPF = 40s, EIGRP = 15s)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
3️⃣ OSPF FLOODING QACHON TUGAYDI?
Down → Init → 2-Way → Exchange → FULL
⚡️ Router "tugadi" deb bilmaydi
U LSDB ni qo'shnisi bilan TAQQOSLAYDI
Full state = LSDB bir xil = sinxron
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
4️⃣ PATH SELECTION — 3 QADAM
1. Prefix Length /28 > /26 > /24
2. AD past AD → ustun
3. Metric past metric → ustun
📋 DEFAULT AD JADVALI
Connected → 0
Static → 1
eBGP → 20
EIGRP internal → 90 ✅
OSPF → 110 ✅
IS-IS → 115
RIPv2 → 120
EIGRP external → 170
iBGP → 200 ✅
⚡️ iBGP AD = 200
CCNA da o'tilmaydi
BGP iBGP path tanlasa → RIB ga AD=200
OSPF (110) uni preempt QILMAYDI
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
5️⃣ ECMP vs UNEQUAL LOAD BALANCING
ECMP → barcha IGP (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS)
• Metric bir xil → ikkala path RIB ga
• Traffic teng taqsimlanadi
Unequal-Cost → FAQAT EIGRP
• Default o'chiq — variance bilan yoqiladi
• Metric farqli → nisbatga qarab taqsimlaydi
⚡️ show ip route — ECMP ko'rinadi
⚡️ show ip route x.x.x.x — traffic share count
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
6️⃣ STATIC ROUTE — 3 TUR
Directly Attached
ip route net mask INTERFACE
→ Faqat P2P (Serial) da ishlating!
Recursive
ip route net mask NEXT-HOP-IP
→ Ethernet da xavfli — link tushsa
noto'g'ri interfeysga o'tib ketadi
Fully Specified ✅
ip route net mask INTERFACE NEXT-HOP-IP
→ Ethernet + static = HAR DOIM shu!
⚡️ Ethernet + Directly Attached = XATO
Har paket uchun ARP ishlaydi
→ CPU va xotira sarflanadi → tizim beqaror
⚡️ Ethernet + Recursive = XAVFLI
Link tushsa → RIP 180s kutadi
Static darhol noto'g'ri yo'lga o'tadi
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
7️⃣ FLOATING STATIC — BACKUP TEXNIKA
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.1.1.2 10
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Serial1/0 210
AD=10 → asosiy (RIB da ko'rinadi)
AD=210 → backup (asosiy tushsa faollashadi)
⚡️ AD o'zgartirish routing loop ga
olib kelishi mumkin — ehtiyot bo'ling!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
8️⃣ NULL0 — LOOP OLDINI OLISH
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 Null0
Aniq route (longer match) → yo'naltiriladi ✅
Aniq route yo'q → Null0 DROP ✅ (loop yo'q)
⚡️ Summary route + Null0 = standart pattern
ISP lar va enterprise da keng ishlatiladi
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
9️⃣ VRF — KOMANDALAR TARTIBI
vrf definition MGMT
address-family ipv4
interface GigabitEthernet0/3
vrf forwarding MGMT
ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0
⚡️ vrf forwarding kiritilganda
IP manzil AVTOMATIK o'chadi — normal holat!
Keyin qayta yozing
⚡️ show ip route — VRF interfeyslar KO'RINMAYDI
show ip route vrf MGMT — ko'rinadi
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔟 RIB vs FIB — ENG MUHIM FARQ
RIB (Routing Table)
• Control Plane
• RAM da saqlanadi
• Best path hisoblash
• show ip route
FIB / CEF (Forwarding Table)
• Data Plane
• TCAM — hardware darajasida
• Real paket yo'naltirish
• show ip cef
⚡️ SDN va Controller-based arxitekturada
Control Plane va Data Plane ajratish
ENCOR ning asosiy mavzularidan biri
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
✅ IMTIHON UCHUN CHEAT SHEET | 1 157 |
| 19 |  پیام ویدیو | 1 222 |
| 20 |  پیام ویدیو | 1 301 |
