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India connects Bangladesh to Bhutan, through waterway • In a first-ever development, Indian waterways is being used to transport cargo between 2 countries i.e. Bhutan and Bangladesh. • The inland waterways vessel containing cargo from Bhutan to Bangladesh will move via River Brahmaputra ( NW 2) and the Indo Bangla Protocol Route • The stone aggregates were transported by trucks from Phuentsholing in Bhutan which is 160 KMs from IWAI’s Dhubri jetty in Asaam. • The first ship carrying crushed stones from Bhutan started its journey from Dhubri river port in Assam to Narayanganj in Bangladesh • India’s Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), which is responsible for developing and maintaining national waterways, has carried out dredging on Brahmaputra to maintain an assured draft in navigation channel. At least 10 other National Waterways are under development currently. • India is increasingly using its rivers to transport cargo which is cheaper than transport on roads. Join >> @dailynewscom

About Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWTT) • In 1972, India and Bangladesh signed the Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWTT). • It is a bilateral protocol connecting the inland waterways of India and Bangladesh for the transportation of goods and keeping their respective waterways navigable, while providing infrastructure facilities. • The protocol further states that both countries will mutually decide the proposed expenses; voyage permissions shall be taken at least four days prior to the actual journey; and the vessels shall share equal tonnage. • The India-Bangladesh Protocol Routes include parts of rivers Ganga, Hooghly, Brahmaputra, and Barak, and the Sundarbans Note: In 2018, India and Bangladesh signed an agreement for inclusion of Dhubriin India and Pangaonin Bangladesh as new Ports of Call in PIWTT. Join >> @dailynewscom

About IWAI • The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) came into existence in 1986 for development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation. • The Authority primarily undertakes projects for development and maintenance of Inland Water Transport infrastructure on national waterways through grant received from Ministry of Shipping. • The head office of the Authority is at Noida. Join >> @dailynewscom

May the divine light of Diwali spread into your life and bring peace, prosperity, happiness, good health and grand success. Happy Diwali 2020. May the beauty of Diwali season fill your home with happiness, and may the coming year provide you with all that brings you joy! Wishing you a happy Diwali🥰

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Air quality in Delhi continues to remain in ‘severe’ category Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Pollution In news The air quality in Delhi continues to remain in ‘severe’ category. The System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research, SAFAR has advised people to avoid all physical activity outdoors. Important value additions System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR) Indigenously developed by: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune Run by: India Meteorological Department (IMD). Objective: (1) To provide Real-time air quality index on 24×7 basis with colour coding along with 72-hour advance weather forecast; (2) To issue Health advisory to prepare citizens well in advance. Parameters monitored: Pollutants: PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Ozone, CO, NOx (NO, NO2), SO2, BC, Methane (CH4), Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), Black Carbon, VOC’s, Benzene and Mercury. Meteorological Parameters: UV Radiation, Rainfall, Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed, Wind direction, solar radiation. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Happy World Ayurveda Day! Happy Dhanwantari Jayanti! Join >> @dailynewscom

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With 9-ft bronze statue, UK to honour 21 heroes of Saragarhi who killed 200 • The 21 soldiers from the 36th (Sikh) Regiment of Bengal Infantry made a valiant last stand fighting for over six hours to the bitter end, leaving around 180 to 200 Pathan tribesmen dead. • The only other memorial to the battle in the UK is a plaque at Uppingham School honouring Colonel John Haughton, the commandant of the 36 Sikhs who was killed in action in 1898.

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PEACE DEAL BROKERED BETWEEN ARMENIA AND AZERBAIJAN Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations; Health In news Russia brokered a new peace deal between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The two countries have been in a military conflict for over six weeks over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh in the South Caucasus. Key takeaways As per the new peace deal, both sides will now maintain positions in the areas that they currently hold. It means a significant gain for Azerbaijan as it has reclaimed over 15-20% of its lost territory during the recent conflict. Further, under this agreement, all military operations are suspended. Russian peacekeepers will be deployed along the line of contact in Nagorno-Karabakh and along the Lachin corridor that connects the region to Armenia. Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) Russia’s role in the conflict has been somewhat opaque since it supplies arms to both countries and is in a military alliance with Armenia called the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO). CSTO is an intergovernmental military alliance that was signed on 15 May 1992. In 1992, six post-Soviet states belonging to the Commonwealth of Independent States signed the Collective Security Treaty (also referred to as the “Tashkent Pact” or “Tashkent Treaty”). Members: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. Headquarters: Moscow, Russia. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

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SAFFRON BOWL TO EXPAND TO THE NORTH EAST SOON Part of: GS Prelims and GS-I – Geography & GS-III – Agriculture In news The saffron bowl, which was so far confined to Kashmir, may soon expand to the North East of India. Plants which were transported from Kashmir to Sikkim, acclimatized there and are now flowering in Yangyang in the Southern part of Sikkim. Key takeaways Saffron production has long been restricted to a limited geographical area in the Union territory of J&K. Though the National Mission on Saffron focused on several measures to improve its farming, the measures were still limited to the specified areas of Kashmir. North East Centre For Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR), an autonomous body under the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India supported a pilot project to explore the feasibility of growing saffron in North East region of India, with the same quality and higher quantity. The Botany and Horticulture department of Sikkim Central University carried out tests to understand the soil and actual pH conditions of Yangyang of Sikkim and found it comparable to saffron growing places of Kashmir. Important value additions What is Saffron?? It is a plant whose dried stigmas (thread-like parts of the flower) are used to make saffron spice. Saffron cultivation is believed to have been introduced in Kashmir by Central Asian immigrants around the 1st Century BCE. It represents the rich cultural heritage of the J&K region. It is a very precious and costly product. It is referred to as ‘bahukam’ in ancient Sanskrit literature. It is cultivated and harvested in the Karewa (highlands) of J&K. Uses: (1) It rejuvenates health; (2) It is used in cosmetics and for medicinal purposes. It is usually cultivated during June and July and at some places in August and September. Saffron grows well at an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level. It needs 12 hours of sunlight. It grows in many different soil types but thrives best in calcareous (soil that has calcium carbonate in abundance), humus-rich and well-drained soil with a pH between 6 and 8. Temperature: Ranging from 35 or 40 degree Celsius in summer to about –15 or –20 degree Celsius in winter. It also requires adequate rainfall that is 1000-1500 mm per annum. Do you know? Pampore region, in India, commonly known as Saffron bowl of Kashmir, is the main contributor to saffron production, followed by Budgam, Srinagar, and Kishtiwar districts. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2020 to be held virtually Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Science and technology In news The fourth edition of the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2020 is scheduled to be held in December. It will be held virtually this year given the ongoing pandemic. Ministry: Minister of Information Technology Key takeaways Jointly organized by: The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and Cellular Operators Association of India (COAT). The event will see 50+ participating countries, 110 + Global Speakers, Start-ups over the three day programme. Theme: “Inclusive Innovation – Smart, Secure, Sustainable” IMC is considered the largest Digital Technology Forum in Asia for bringing together the industry, Government, academia, and other ecosystem players to discuss the latest industry technology trends around major themes such as SG, Artificial Intelligence (Al), Internet of things (loT) etc. Do you know? * COAI was constituted in 1995 as a registered, non-governmental society. * Vision: To establish India as the global leader of mobile communications infrastructure, products and services and achieving a national tele density of 100%, including broadband. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom