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■ India gets its first Dugong Conservation Reserve in Tamil Nadu. • Tamil Nadu on Wednesday notified the country’s first ‘Dugong Conservation Reserve’ in Palk Bay covering the coastal waters of Thanjavur and Pudukottai districts with an area of 448 square kilometers. • Palk Bay is a semi-enclosed shallow water body with a water depth maximum of 13 meters. It is located between India and Sri Lanka. □ About Dugongs: • Dugongs (Dugong dugon) are the largest herbivorous marine mammals in the world thriving primarily on seagrass beds, a major carbon sink of the oceans. • Dugong, also known as Sea cow, is listed as "Vulnerable" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened species. • Dugongs are protected under Schedule 1 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. However, their population is on the decline due to habitat loss. • Dugong is the State animal of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. • There are only about 240 individuals estimated to be present in the country and the majority is found in Tamil Nadu coast (Palk Bay). Hence, there is an imminent need to protect Dugongs and their habitat from degradation. • Conserving dugongs will help to protect and improve seagrass beds and sequestering more atmospheric carbon. • Seagrass beds are also the breeding and feeding grounds for many commercially valuable fishes and marine fauna. Hence, thousands of fisher families directly depend on dugong habitats for their income. • Dugongs are found in over 30 countries. In India, it is distributed in shallow tropical waters in the Indo-Pacific region, they are found in the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. □ Threats to Dugongs: • Loss of seagrass habitats. • Water pollution. • Degradation of the coastal ecosystem due to developmental activities. • Dugongs are also victims of accidental entanglement in fishing nets and collision with boats, trawlers.

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📰 World’s largest museum of Harappan culture to be set up in Haryana’s Rakhigarhi village. • The world’s largest museum of Harappan culture is coming up in Rakhigarhi in Haryana to showcase about 5,000-year-old Indus Valley artifacts. • Rakhigarhi village is the pre-Indus Valley civilisation settlement site going back to about 6500BCE. Later, it was also part of the mature Indus Valley civilisation, dating to 2600-1900 BCE. • The twin villages of Rakhi Shahpur and Rakhi Khas (jointly earlier known as Rakhigarhi village) are on hillocks or mound which was declared as one of the ten endangered sites in Asia in 2012 by the Global Heritage Fund. • The place was one of the largest settlements of the ancient civilisation located in the Ghaggar-Hakra River plain. • In 1963, the ASI for the first time started excavation in Rakhigarhi. • In January 2014, the discovery of additional mounds made Rakhigarhi the largest Indus Valley civilisation site, overtaking Mohenjodaro.