en
Feedback
๐ŸŒนโ€ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ ุฑูŽุจูู‘ูŠ ู„ูŽุณูŽู…ููŠุนู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุนูŽุงุกู๐ŸŒน

๐ŸŒนโ€ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ ุฑูŽุจูู‘ูŠ ู„ูŽุณูŽู…ููŠุนู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุนูŽุงุกู๐ŸŒน

Open in Telegram

๐ŸŒนุตู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู„ู€ู€ู€ูˆุง ุน ู†ู€ู€ุจู€ู€ูŠู†ุง ู…ู€ู€ุญู€ู€ู…ู€ู€ุฏ๐ŸŒน ุฅู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ุชู†ูุน ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† @Thirdstagedentistrybot

Show more
2 053
Subscribers
-124 hours
-97 days
-2530 days
Posts Archive
ููŠุฏูˆู‡ุงุช ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุถูŠู ูˆ ุงุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ุณุงุช๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘† #ุจุฑูŠูˆ

ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูˆ :- (ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูค) ูก. ุชู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ูˆ ุชู„ู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ุŒ ุชุชุถู…ู† : *ุงุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ุณุงุช (ููˆู‚ ูˆ ุงุณูู„ ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ) *ุงุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฑ (ุงู„ุจู„ุงูƒ) *ุชู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ (ู„ู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ูู‚ุท) *ุงุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุตุจุบุงุช ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฏูˆุงุช : ( ูƒุงููŠุชุฑูˆู†/ู„ู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ูู‚ุท ุŒ ู‡ุงู†ุฏุจูŠุณ ุŒ ุชูˆุฑุจุงูŠู† ุŒ ุจุฑุด ูˆ ุฑุจุฑูƒุจ ู„ุจูˆู„ูŠุดู†ูƒ ุŒ ุณูƒู„ ุณูƒู„ูŠุฑ ุŒ ูƒูŠูˆู…ุงูŠู† ุณูƒู„ูŠุฑ ุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆูˆ/ู„ุชู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุŒ ุงู†ุฏูˆ ุจุฑูˆุจ ู…ุฏุฑุฌ ุŒ ู…ูŠุฑูˆุฑ ุŒ ุจูŠุดู†ุช/ุฌูŠุฑ ุชุงูˆู„ ) ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ : ( ูƒูŠุณ ุดูŠุช ุจุฑูŠูˆ ุŒ ุจูˆู…ุณ ุญูุจูŠุจูŠ ุŒ ู‚ุทู† ุฑูˆู„+ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุŒ ูƒู„ูŠู†ุณ ู…ุฑุทุจ ุŒ ูƒุญูˆู„ ู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ) ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ : -ู…ู„ุฆ ูƒูŠุณ ุดูŠุช ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุจุฑูŠูˆ ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูƒุณ . -ุงุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ุณุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฑ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒุงูุชุฑูˆู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒู„ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุณูู„ ู„ุซุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆู…ุงูŠู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ . -ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฏุฑ ูƒุช . -ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ููƒ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ / ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ููƒ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ(ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุชุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูƒู„ุณุงุช ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฑุทุจุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ู‚ุฑุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุบุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ุนุงุจ ูุชุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช) . -ุชุฌููŠู ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุฌูŠุฏุง ูˆ ุชูˆู‚ูŠู ุงู„ู†ุฒู . -ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุจูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ู…ุจุงุดุฑุชุง ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑุด(ุงู„ูุฑุดุฉ)โŒ . -ู†ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุจุฑุด ุจุงู„ู‡ุงู†ุฏ ุจูŠุณ ูˆ ู†ูุฑุด ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ูˆ ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุถุบุท ู…ุทูˆู„ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง (ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ุจูŠุฉ) . -ู†ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุด ุจุงู„ุฑุจุฑ ูƒุจ ูˆ ู†ู…ุฑุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุณู† ู„ู†ุถูŠู ู„ู…ุนุงู† . ุชู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุจูŠุดู†ุช ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฑ . -ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุงุฏูˆุงุช ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุงูˆุชูˆูƒู„ูŠู . -ู„ุง ุชู†ุณู‰ ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูƒ๐Ÿ“ธ . ____________________ #ุจุฑูŠูˆ https://t.me/densitysecond99

ex ( PI.I) GI ู†ูุณ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุฃุณุทุญ ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ criteria ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูู‚ุท ููŠ criteria for PI.I 0- no plaque in gingival area 1- film of plaque adhering ti free gingival margin& adjacent area of the tooth .plaque may be noticed by running a probe across tooth surface 2- moderate accomadation of soft deposit within gingival pocket , on gingival margin and/or adjacent surface which can be seen by naked eye 3- abundance of soft matter within gingival pocket and/or gingival margin and adjacent tooth surface. _______ periodontal pocket depth measurment : ู†ุถุน ุฌุฏูˆู„ : ูˆู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุญูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุณู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ periodontal probe . _______ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุณุฌู„ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ : _gingival recession or/and furcation involvement. ________ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ูŠ : examination of teeth ู†ุถุน ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญุต ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ุง ู…ู† : 1- color &stains 2- size 3- form& struture 4- number 5- restoration 6- mobility 7- contact relationship 8- caries 9- fractures 10-attrition,erosion,or abrasion 11- vitality 12- occlusion 13-quality of oral hygiene ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฑู‚ู… 6&13 grade of mobility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุฑู . _______ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ูƒุชุจ : _ differential diagnosis: ุชูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุดูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ..ุฃู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูู„ุง ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆููˆุฑุง ุชูƒุชุจ: final diagnosis ____ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุดูƒูˆูƒ ุญูˆู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู†ุณุชุนูŠู† ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒุชุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง: special investigation ุกx-ray ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ _______ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ูˆุงุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชูƒุชุจ: final diagnosis ________ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู„.. management &treatment plan ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ูˆู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ .. chronic gingivitis ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุญุงู„ุงุช we macke the following: 1- supragingival and subgingival scaling 2- oral hygien instructions( right brushing technique,use soft tooth brush,use dental floss) 3- chlorhexidene ( antiseptic mouth wash) o.2% 4- follow up.

ions ูƒู…ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ openingof mouth and ________ examination of the neck: ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ุง ู…ู† : _ thyroid gland Inspect the neck looking for the thyroid gland. Note whether it is visible and symmetrical. A visibly enlarged thyroid gland is called a goiter. Move to a position behind the patient. Identify the cricoid cartilage with the fingers of both hands. Move downward two or three tracheal rings while palpating for the isthmus. Move laterally from the midline while palpating for the lobes of the thyroid. Note the size, symmetry, and position of the lobes, and examine the _ jugular vein _________ _ examination of lymph nodes: ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจูุญุต ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ูุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ูุญุตู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆู‚ู…ุช ุจู†ู‚ู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ุฃูƒุซุฑ : Lymph nodes of the head and neck Technique of the examination: use the finger pads with three circular motions of increasing pressure. Examine size, texture, and tenderness for pathology. Intra-oral examination: Oral hygiene status: ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจู†ุธุงูุฉ ูˆุตุญุฉ ุฃุณู†ุงู†ู‡ ______ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ( ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ normal finding ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ูˆู…ุนุฑูุฉ abnormal finding _lips and labial mucosa: Examination by inspection should include the following: Color Size Morphlogy Function Labial frenum Obvious lesions Also by palapation : Bidigital palpation( we use 2 fingers) ______ Buccal mucosa: Also by inspection and palpation ( bidigital & bimanual ( use 2 hands) can be achievedโ€ฆ.we examine the left and right mucosa( cheek) ________ -palate: Hard & soft palate We use mouth mirror for inspection Also the palate is palpated ( palpation of the soft palate causes gagging and isnot routinely performed unless an abnormality is observed visually )palpation can then be accomplished by using a single finger to quickly sroke laterally from the midline ______ Tongue : Inspection and palpation ( the tip of the tongue is grasped by a small square piece of the gauze and gently pulled forward and laterally ..and the tongue should be palpated bidigitally _______ Floor of the mouth: Inspection of the floor of the mouth is done by asking the patient to raise the tongue ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ .. (normal stractures include: lingual frenum , orifices of sublingual and submaxillary salivary gland ,lingual veins,) Palpation is usually done bimanually to identify any enlargement> ________ Salivary gland: We examined for any enlargement or other abnormality ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุช ูุญุตู‡ู…ุง ู…ุน floor of the mouth _______ Periodontal tissue examination: Gingiva _ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ case sheet of perio ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจูุญุต ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุซุฉ ุญูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุณู† ูˆู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ุง ู…ู† : _color _contour _form Consistency _surface texture ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุจุนุถ indeces ู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ Gingival index recording: GI by Loe &Siliness ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ุญูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุณู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ..ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ูุญุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ูู‚ุท 4 2 6 6 2 4 Mesial โ€“distal-buccal-and lingual 'ุทุจุนุง ูƒุง ุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ scored from 0 to 3 0-ูŠุนุทู‰ for normal gingiava 1- mild inflammation ,slight edema , no bleeding 2- moderate inflammation ,redness, glazing gingival, whish bleed on probing 3- severe inflammation .marked redness.edema.spontaneous bleeding tendency ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุช scoreู„ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุชุฌู…ุนูŠ scores of the 4 areas ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชู‚ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ 4 ุญุชู‰ ุชุญุตู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ : Gingival index for tooth ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ..ุชุฌู…ุนูŠ Gingival index for teeth ูˆุชู‚ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูุญุตุช ู…ุซุงู„ : ุนู†ุฏ ูุญุต : upper lfet 4 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ mesial : : ุนุทูŠุช 1 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ distal : ุนุทูŠุช 1 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ : buaccul :ุนุทูŠุช 1 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ : lingual : ุนุทูŠุช 1 ู†ุฌู…ุนู‡ู… : 1+1+1+1= 4 ู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ 4 = 1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ GI for upper left 4 =1 ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู…ุน ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† .. ุซู… ู†ุฌู…ุน GI ู„ูƒู„ ุณู† ูˆู†ูุณู…ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ูุญุตู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง 6 ุญุชู‰ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ GI for individual ___________ dental plaque Ind

ุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฃูŠ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุนุทุงุก ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจุฏุก ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ุซู„ุง : _ hypertension...diabetesmellitus...leukemia ____ * ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ุนุฑู .. disease that give manifestations in the oral cavity ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูู… ู…ุซู„ุง : lupus erythematosus...anemia...lichen planus _____ * ูƒุฐู„ูƒ : diseases which may be endenger the dentist and or other patient ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ุซู„ : ูAIDS...viral hepatitis...T.B _____ ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ุนุฑู : drugs which indicate systemic diseases ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ...ูู…ุซู„ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุนู„ู… ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ..ูุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ููŠุฏ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ.. ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงุญุถุงุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡.. ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ..nifedipine. this drug for hypertentsion ______ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ : * drugs which may produce oral manifestation ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุจุจ ุจุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูู… ู…ุซู„ุง .. ..nifedipine ..ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ hypertentsion...ูŠุณุจุจ gingival hyperplasia ______ ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ุนุฑู : drugs which need certain adjustment and speacial management before and during dental procedures ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง : steroid therapy anticoagulant e.g heparin ____ drugs interactions ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ...ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจูˆุตู ุฏูˆุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ููŠ ุฏูˆุงุก ุขุฎุฑ ..ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุฑู ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ู… __ allergic and adverse reactions to drugs ุทุจุนุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ู„ ุนุงู†ู‰ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุถุฏ ุฃูŠ ุฏูˆุงุก ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุขุซุงุฑ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ( ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ) ____ prior surgery and or hospitalization ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ blood transfusions ____ history of radiotherapy ุทุจุนุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุนู„ู‰ oral and paraoral structures _____ infections and immunization ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑุถ ุฃู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ู…ุซู„ measles herpes simplex...ูˆู‡ู„ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุชุทุนูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ..ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทูู„ .. ____ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ pregnancy in females _____ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ูŠูุถู„ูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุคุฎุฐ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ู‚ุตุฉ ูˆู„ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุฉ ูŠูƒุชุจ ูƒุงู„ุขุชูŠ: there's no any past or present systemic diseases no history of any previous operations,or irridation,or any allergies __ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุนู…ู„ : * Review of systems ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ... -cardio- vascular system - pulmonary system -gastrointestina system _ Immune system _endocrine system - hematopoietic system _ gentinatourinary system musculoskeletal system _ skin _ nervous system ( ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุทู„ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ) ..ู„ูƒู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ..ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุŸุŸ :these questions explores * the possibility of presense of unrecognized or undiagnosed diseases ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ู†ูƒุชุดู ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุดุฎุตุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ.. * the effectiveness of current treatment for diagnosed illness ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุฏู‰ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุฎุตุฉ .. ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู†ุณุฃู„ 3 ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ูƒู„ system .. - ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ ุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุถ ุฃูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู†ูƒุชุจ : NAD... this means no abnormal detected or means: Nil abnormal detected _______ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ : the family history here we asked about: _ hereditary diseases _ infectious diseases this important for the dentist becuase he might suspect undiagnosed diseases if several members of the patient's family are affected> ____ Social history :ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ we asked e,g: abuot marital status ,numer of children,daily activities and hobbies the social history reflect the patient life and level of education ______,, Personal habits: ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ุญูˆู„ : * habits related to oral hygiene ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุชูุฑูŠุด ุฃุณู†ุงู†ู‡ ,ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุฑุงุช ุชูุฑูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ,ู†ูˆุน ูุฑุดุงุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ูˆู…ุนุฌูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ,ู‡ู„ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฎูŠุท ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† dental floss ..ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ _____

also significant: a click heard later in the opening cycle may represent a greater degree of disc displacement. Clicks may frequently be felt as well as heard, though they are not normally painful. Crepitus Crepitus is the continuous noise during movement of the joint, caused by the articulatory surfaces of the joint being worn. This occurs most commonly in patients with degenerative joint disease. The joint sounds should be listened to with a stethoscope, preferably a stereo one, as the two sides can be more easily compared. ' Range of motion This is the only truly measurable parameter, as the others are more subjective. It is just as important to record jaw movement as a means to assess the rate and degree of improvement as it is to determine the severity of symptoms. Movements to be measured are: Incisal opening - pain free limit Incisal opening - maximum (forced) Lateral mandibular excursions Mandible deviations on pathway of opening Incisal opening The incisal opening is measured from the upper incisal tip to the lower, with the patient first of all opening to the limit of their comfortable, pain free range. This is then compared to the normal range of motion (see right). Their maximum (forced) limit is also recorded. It is important to determine whether a limitation of vertical movement is due to pain or a physical obstruction. If it is pain, then it may be a muscular problem, if an obstruction, then disc displacement is most likely. Lateral Excursions The lateral movement should be measured from mid-line to mid-line, the patient moving the mandible to their maximum extent, from one side to the other. Mandibular deviation When the jaw is opened, the path it follows should of course be straight and consistent. Deviations from the norm are either lasting or transient, and are all suggestive of internal derangements of different sorts. Lasting deviations Lasting deviations are caused by the joint on one side not moving as far as on the other. If the movement is consistent but off centre(i.e. a straight diagonal pathway), this may due to adhesions within the joint. If the movement is normal till just before the maximum range, when a lateral deviation occurs, this may be due to anterior disc displacement without reduction (if the overall range of opening is reduced). Jaw opened Jaw closed Transient deviations Transient deviations occur when the joints are moving as far but at different rates. This is often caused by disc displacement with reduction. ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูุญุต ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ููƒูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุง ู„ู†ุง ูƒุฃุทุจุงุก ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุนู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต : Tenderness to palpation Pain in or in front of the ear is a common reason for a patient to seek treatment. A tenderness to palpation implies inflammation, generally as a result of acute or chronic trauma. A finger should be placed in the immediate pre-auricular area, gently applying pressure on the lateral pole/head of the condial while the jaw is closed. The level of pain and discomfort on each side should be assessed and compared. The little finger should also be placed in the external auditory meatus, and pressure gently applied forwards palpation of lateral aspect Joint sounds There are 2 types of joint sound to look out for: Clicks - single explosive noise Crepitus - continuos 'grating' noise Clicks A joint click probably represents the sudden distraction of 2 wet surfaces, symptomatic of some kind of disc displacement. The diagnosis of a joint click, and therefore treatment, varies on whether the click is left, right or bilateral, painful or painless, consistent or intermittent. The timing of a click is also significant: a click heard later in the opening cycle may represent a greater degree of disc displacement. Clicks may frequently be felt as well as heard, though they are not normally painful. Crepitus Crepitus is the continuous noise during movement of the joint, caused by the articulatory surfaces of the joint being worn. This occurs most commonly in patients with degenerative joint disease.

* habits which have deleterious effect on the oral structures ู…ุซู„ุง :cheek and lip biting,clenching,bruxism.mouth breating,thumb sucking,tongue thrusting,smoking,and alcohol use ____ clinical examination:* 1Extra-oral Examination .. general health examination:* Physical appearance: ,ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ Gait This means the manner of walking -stature: It is the size and relative propotion of the body parts it may be reflect a hormonal imbalance. - extremities fingers and finger nails: examination of the extremities may reveal signs of systemic diseases also nail discoloration may be associated with respiratory and cardiovascular disorders e,g congestive heart failure or may be associated also with :Lichen Planus also spoon-shaped nails with dull color associated with iron deficiency anemia _ skin: the appearance of skin also should be noted because some finding may be assist in differential diagnosis: vital signs: body temperature: 36.8----------37.3C pulse rate 60-- 90/min blood pressure: systolic 100-140mmHg diastolic 60-90mmHg respiratory rate 18-20/min for healthy adult ูˆู…ู† 16-18 ู„ู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุณู† 20-24 ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุชูˆูุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูู†ูƒุชููŠ ูŠู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุจุถ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูุณ .. ___ - skull - ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ size and shape ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงู„ุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ( large head ) ู…ุซู„ : ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ Acromegalic ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ( boxy head ) ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ Ricketsโ€ฆุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ุง ู…ู† frontal eminencies and posterior areas are prominent _____ - face - ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุญุต facial form of the patient ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ inspection and palpation - ูˆู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุงู„ุญุฌู… ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† face patterns โ€ฆูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ..ูˆุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ู‡ู†ุง ุณุฑูŠุนุง : โ€ข Acromegalic face โ€ข Moon face โ€ข Scleroderma face โ€ข Hyperthyroid face โ€ข Nephrotic face โ€ข Congental face โ€ข Adenoid face โ€ข Mongoloid face โ€ข Angry like facial appearance ูˆู„ุง ู†ู†ุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู„ุงุญุทุฉ facial asymmetry ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุฌ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู…ุซู„ุง trauma or due to TMJ ankylosis _____ -Eye ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุญุต ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ dental lesion ู…ุซู„ุง : Blue sclera is common in osteogensis and odontogenesis imperfecta _____ -Nose ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจูุต ุณุทุญูŠ ู„ู„ุฃู†ู ูˆู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูู…ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง Saddele nose( depression of the nasal bridge ) is common in congenital syphilis and sickle cell anemia , infantile myxodema and some trauma _____ _Ears ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณ ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฐู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุทูŠ ู†ูุณ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ููƒูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ูุญุต ุงู„ุฃุฐู† ____ _Hair ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฏู„ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ hereditary ectodermal dysplasia ( Streeter's syndrome ) The hair is silky and sparse --------------------------------------------------------- temporomandibular joint: we examine it for: Tenderness to palpation Pain in or in front of the ear is a common reason for a patient to seek treatment. A tenderness to palpation implies inflammation, generally as a result of acute or chronic trauma. A finger should be placed in the immediate pre-auricular area, gently applying pressure on the lateral pole/head of the condial while the jaw is closed. The level of pain and discomfort on each side should be assessed and compared. The little finger should also be placed in the external auditory meatus, and pressure gently applied forwards. Joint sounds There are 2 types of joint sound to look out for: Clicks - single explosive noise Crepitus - continuos 'grating' noise Clicks A joint click probably represents the sudden distraction of 2 wet surfaces, symptomatic of some kind of disc displacement. The diagnosis of a joint click, and therefore treatment, varies on whether the click is left, right or bilateral, painful or painless, consistent or intermittent. The timing of a click is