Pub Med (First year activities)

Building blocks of nucleic acid 1) A. Nucleotide 2) B. Nucleoside 3) C. Amino acids

Q1 A monosaccharide contains six carbon atoms and has a ketone functional group. It is best classified as: A. Aldohexose B. Aldopentose C. Ketohexose D. Ketopentose Q2 In a Fischer projection, the D/L configuration of a monosaccharide is determined by the configuration of: A. The highest numbered chiral carbon B. The lowest numbered chiral carbon C. The anomeric carbon D. The carbonyl carbon Q3 Which statement about D-glucose and D-galactose is CORRECT? A. They are anomers B. They differ at C-2 only C. They differ at C-4 only D. They are enantiomers Q4 A monosaccharide forms a cyclic structure by an intramolecular reaction between: A. Two hydroxyl groups B. Carbonyl group and hydroxyl group C. Carboxyl group and hydroxyl group D. Amino group and hydroxyl group Q5 Which carbohydrate contains an α(1→4) glycosidic bond and retains a free anomeric carbon? A. Sucrose B. Lactose C. Maltose D. Trehalose Q6 Sucrose is considered a non-reducing sugar primarily because: A. It contains fructose B. It contains glucose C. Both anomeric carbons participate in the glycosidic bond D. It cannot undergo hydrolysis Q7 Complete hydrolysis of lactose produces: A. Glucose + glucose B. Glucose + fructose C. Glucose + galactose D. Galactose + fructose Q8 Which polysaccharide is composed exclusively of glucose units but contains β(1→4) linkages? A. Glycogen B. Amylose C. Cellulose D. Amylopectin Q9 The major structural difference between amylose and amylopectin is that: A. Amylose contains fructose while amylopectin contains glucose B. Amylose is branched while amylopectin is unbranched C. Amylose is essentially linear while amylopectin is branched D. Amylose contains β-linkages while amylopectin contains α-linkages Q10 Compared with amylopectin, glycogen is characterized by: A. β(1→4) linkages B. More frequent branching C. Absence of α(1→4) bonds D. Presence of galactose instead of glucose Q11 Oxidation of the aldehyde group at C-1 of glucose produces: A. Glucuronic acid B. Gluconic acid C. Glucaric acid D. Sorbitol Q12 Oxidation of the primary alcohol group at C-6 of glucose produces: A. Gluconic acid B. Glucuronic acid C. Glucaric acid D. Sorbitol Q13 Reduction of glucose produces mainly: A. Fructose B. Galactose C. Sorbitol D. Glucuronic acid Q14 A sugar gives a positive Benedict's test. The most appropriate explanation is that the sugar: A. Must be a monosaccharide B. Must contain fructose C. Has a free or potentially free anomeric carbon D. Must contain an aldehyde group in its open-chain form only Q15 Which of the following is NOT a reducing sugar? A. Maltose B. Lactose C. Glucose D. Sucrose Q16 The formation of osazone crystals involves reaction of a reducing sugar with: A. Phenylhydrazine B. Hydroxylamine C. Benedict's reagent D. Fehling's solution Q17 Glucose, fructose and mannose form the same osazone because: A. They have identical molecular formulas only B. Their configurations at C-1 and C-2 are destroyed during osazone formation C. They are all epimers at C-6 D. They contain the same number of chiral centers Q18 Which pair represents epimers? A. D-glucose and D-fructose B. D-glucose and L-glucose C. D-glucose and D-galactose D. D-glucose and sucrose Q19 Which enzyme is primarily responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity? A. Pancreatic amylase B. Salivary amylase C. Maltase D. Sucrase Q20 — A patient has a deficiency of lactase. After consuming milk, which carbohydrate will remain inadequately digested and subsequently contribute to osmotic symptoms in the intestine? A. Sucrose B. Maltose C. Lactose D. Glycogen

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