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 ☑️Scheme for Promotion of Surface Coal/Lignite Gasification Projects
▪️For more information
https://t.me/CA_AIO/995?single | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +3☑️Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 🔹PIB 5th September Updates🔹️
👇🏼👇🏼👇🏼👇🏼 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +1☑️India-Nepal news | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
▪️Issue Associated
✔️The Chakma organisations have opposed the proposed deportation of 60,000 people belonging to the Chakma and Hajong communities from Arunachal Pradesh.
✔️They are ethnic people who lived in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, most of which are located in Bangladesh.
✔️Chakmas are predominantly Buddhists, while Hajongs are Hindus.
✔️They are found in northeast India, West Bengal, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
✔️They fled erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1964-65 and came to India and settled in Arunachal Pradesh. Reasons:
Chakmas lost their land to the development of the Kaptai Dam on the Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh.
✔️Hajongs faced religious persecution as they were non-Muslims and did not speak Bengali.
In 2015, the Supreme Court directed the Centre to grant citizenship to Chakma and Hajongs who had migrated from Bangladesh in 1964-69.
✔️They did not directly come into the ambit of the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 (CAA) because Arunachal Pradesh is among the states exempted from the CAA since it has an Inner Line Permit to regulate entry of outsiders.
✔️The 2019 CAA amended the Citizenship Act of 1955 allowing Indian citizenship for Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian religious minorities who fled from the neighboring Muslim majority countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan before December 2014 due to "religious persecution or fear of religious persecution".
✔️However, the Act excludes Muslims.
Even as the original immigrants await citizenship, many of their descendants born in India who are eligible for citizenship by birth are struggling to enroll as voters. The refugees were given voting rights in 2004.
✔️For a very long time local people have been protesting against Chakmas and Hajongs because of their differing ethnicity.
✔️If the Chakmas and Hajongs are ejected from Arunachal Pradesh, Assam shall be the dumping ground for all the unwanted communities in the States covered by the Inner-Line Permit (Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland besides Arunachal Pradesh) and the Sixth Schedule areas (Meghalaya). | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Chakma& Hajong communities: Arunachal Pradesh
☑️SIR
https://t.me/CA_AIO/776?single | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Stegodyphus sarasinorum | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Spot Billed Pelican | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
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◾️What is UNCLOS?
✔️The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982 is an international agreement that establishes the legal framework for marine and maritime activities.
✔️It is also known as Law of the Sea. It divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas.
✔️It is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces.
✔️It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones.
✔️It provides the backbone for offshore governance by coastal states and those navigating the oceans.
✔️It not only zones coastal states’ offshore areas but also provides specific guidance for states’ rights and responsibilities in the five concentric zones.
✔️While UNCLOS has been signed and ratified by nearly all the coastal countries in the South China Sea, its interpretation is still hotly disputed.There is a maritime dispute in the East China Sea as well.
✔️India reiterated its support for the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
✔️India is a state party to the UNCLOS.
✔️The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) does not have a single independent headquarters, as it is an international treaty rather than a distinct organization, but its key judicial body—the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)—is headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. | 55 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +1☑️India- EU,
https://t.me/CA_AIO/716
☑️Belgium Relations
https://t.me/CA_AIO/893 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ▪️Coal Gasification process | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
▪️What is Coal Gasification?
✔️Coal gasification is a thermo-chemical process that converts solid coal into a combustible gas mixture rather than burning it directly.
✔️Unlike traditional combustion, which releases energy through fire, gasification uses a controlled amount of oxygen and steam to break down the chemical bonds of coal.
✔️Process: In a pressurized vessel called a gasifier, coal is subjected to high temperatures (typically above 1,000°C) and high pressure. Instead of burning to ash, the coal reacts with steam and a limited supply of oxygen to produce Syngas (Synthetic Gas).
✔️The chemical reaction involves carbon from coal reacting with steam to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
✔️Syngas: Syngas is the primary product of this process. It is a versatile "building block" consisting mainly of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2) and Methane (CH4) (in smaller quantities).
✔️Significance: It is considered "cleaner" than direct coal burning because impurities like sulfur, mercury, and ash can be filtered out of the gas before it is used, rather than trying to "scrub" them from smoke stacks.
✔️Since syngas is rich in hydrogen, gasification is a major pathway for producing "Blue Hydrogen" (hydrogen produced from fossil fuels with carbon capture).
✔️Challenges: While more versatile than burning coal, gasification still faces hurdles:
✔️High Capital Cost: Building gasification plants is significantly more expensive than traditional coal power plants.
✔️Water Intensity: The process requires large amounts of water for steam and cooling.
Carbon Footprint: It still produces CO2. To be truly "green," gasification must be paired with Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology. | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
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▪️Coal
✔️ Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. Chemically, it is composed mostly of carbon, along with varying amounts of hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
✔️Coal remains the backbone of India's energy security, accounting for nearly 79% of the total domestic energy supply in 2025.
✔️ India is the 2nd largest producer and consumer of coal globally, behind only China.
✔️India has a total 401 billion tonnes of coal reserves and 47 billion tonnes of lignite reserves but India still imports about 15-20% of its coal, mainly high-grade Coking Coal for steel. | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +1☑️Coal Gasification Scheme, SHAKTI policy
The Union Cabinet approved the “Scheme for Promotion of New Surface Coal/Lignite Gasification Projects for Production of Syngas and Downstream Products" to reduce high-value imports and bolster national energy sovereignty.
✔️Target: A total of Rs. 37,500 crore has been allocated to incentivize the production of syngas and downstream products, targeting the gasification of 75 million tonnes (MT) of coal/lignite by 2030. This would contribute to the 100 MT target set for 2030.
✔️It builds on the National Coal Gasification Mission (2021) and a Rs. 8,500 crore scheme approved in January 2024 (under which 8 coal gasification projects worth Rs 6,233 crore are under implementation). | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +2☑️Placesin News: Kyiv(Ukraine)
✔️West Asia:Mokha, Babe el Madeb, Red Sea , Lebanon | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Article 142
▪️PremChand Garg versus State of Uttar Pradesh(1962)
▪️Supreme Court Bar Association versus Union Of India(1998) | 43 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +2☑️Indian Economy News
▪️Current Account Deficit
https://t.me/CA_AIO/815?single
▪️SEBI,IPO,NSE
https://t.me/CA_AIO/916?single | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... |
