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Дописи | Динаміка переглядів | |||||
 ☑️National Award to Teachers 2026- Mithun RadhaKrishna | 70 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️India-EU , Indian- Belgium Relations | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️International Space Summit, Bengaluru Space Expo | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +2▪️Types of Launch Vehicles | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
☑️What are Launch Vehicles?
✔️A launch vehicle is a rocket-powered vehicle that transports a spacecraft beyond the Earth's atmosphere, either into orbit around the Earth or to another destination in outer space.
✔️Satellites are integral to space missions. However, they don't make their way into space independently. Instead, they rely on launch vehicles and powerful rockets for their celestial journey.
✔️These launch vehicles are equipped with robust propulsion systems that generate the immense energy required to overcome Earth's gravitational pull and lift heavy payloads, including satellites, into space.
✔️ISRO's journey into satellite launch vehicles began with the SLV, India's first experimental satellite launch vehicle, in 1980, and later with a more advanced Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle.
✔️In 1994, ISRO launched its first PSLV and in 2001, ISRO further advanced the launch vehicle technology to build GSLV, which can take more heavy satellites in the Geosynchronous and Geostationary Orbit.
▪️Working of Launch Vehicles
✔️A launch vehicle is designed to transport payloads, such as spacecraft and satellites, from Earth's surface into space. It operates on well-established principles of physics and engineering.
✔️Rocket propulsion system: Launch vehicles are rockets and rely on the basic principles of action and reaction, as described by Newton's Third Law of Motion.
✔️The propulsion system is responsible for generating the necessary force to lift the rocket off the ground.
✔️Multiple stages: Launch vehicles have multiple stages that separate and fall away as the rocket ascends.
✔️Each stage contains its own engines and propellant, and it is discarded when it is no longer needed.
✔️Fuel and propellant: Launch vehicles use a combination of fuel and oxidizer, called propellant, to generate thrust.
✔️Common propellants include liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen (LH2/LOX).
✔️Guidance system: Launch vehicles use precise guidance and control systems to maintain their intended trajectory.
✔️Payload fairing: The payload, such as a satellite, is enclosed within a protective shell called payload fairing.
✔️The fairing shields the payload from aerodynamic forces and heat during the initial stages of flight.
✔️Once the rocket reaches space, the fairing is jettisoned to expose the payload, and the satellite is inserted into the intended orbit. | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Launch of GSLV-F17 carring EOS-05 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +6☑️Geothermal Energy | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 🔹PIB 4th September Updates🔹️
👇🏼👇🏼👇🏼👇🏼 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Places in News:Kuwait's Ahmed al-Jaber Air Base | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +1☑️India-Russia Relations | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Special Intensive Revision
https://t.me/CA_AIO/776?single | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
▪️Bar Council of India Functions
✔️It performs the regulatory function by prescribing standards of professional conduct and etiquette and by exercising disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar.
✔️It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to Universities whose degrees in law will serve as qualification for enrolment as an advocate.
✔️It conducts the All India Bar Examination (AIBE) to grant a ‘Certificate of Practice’ to advocates practising law in India.
✔️BCI also funds welfare schemes for economically weaker and physically handicapped advocates.
✔️It also recognizes on a reciprocal basis foreign qualifications in law obtained outside India for admission as an advocate under this Act.
▪️Bar Council of India Composition
✔️It comprises members elected from each State Bar Council, the Attorney General of India, and the Solicitor of India, who serve as members automatically.
✔️The members of the State Bar Councils are elected for five years.
✔️The Council has the power to choose its own Chairman and Vice-Chairman from among its members, and they serve for two years | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Bar Council
▪️About Bar Council of India
✔️It is a statutory body created by Parliament to regulate and represent the Indian bar.
It was established under the Advocates Act, 1961, based on the recommendations of the All India Bar Committee.
✔️Its main objective is safeguarding the rights, interests, and privileges of advocates throughout India. | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 ☑️Nuclear Energy, Thorium
▪️To know more about Nuclear Energy
https://t.me/CA_AIO/623?single
▪️SHANTI ACT
https://t.me/CA_AIO/497 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
☑️National Stock Exchange
The NSE is a regulated stock exchange, officially recognised under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. It provides a platform for trading in equities (shares), derivatives (futures, options), currency & commodity products, and debt (securities). The NSE is owned by major financial institutions, banks and insurers, and is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Its mission is to ensure transparent, fair, efficient and robust markets, accessible to both retail and institutional investors.
▪️NIFTY is a market index introduced by the
National Stock Exchange (NSE).
It is a blended word – National Stock Exchange and Fifty coined by NSE.
✔️Nifty was established in 1996 with the name CNX Nifty. Further, in 2015, it was renamed Nifty 50.
✔️NIFTY 50 is a benchmark-based index and also the flagship of NSE.
✔️It represents the performance of the 50 largest and most actively traded stocks listed on the NSE.
✔️These 50 largest companies are from different industrial sectors and collectively represent the Stock Market and Economic Trends of India.
It is one of the two main stock market indices in India, the other being SENSEX, a product of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
▪️Key Facts about Sensex:
✔️Sensex is the benchmark index of the BSE in India.
✔️It was launched on January 1, 1986 as a basket of 30 stocks representing the country’s largest, financially sound companies listed on the BSE.
✔️The term ‘Sensex’ is a blend of the words ‘Sensitive’ and ‘Index’ and was coined by stock market expert Deepak Mohini.
✔️The Sensex reflects the movements in the Indian stock market. It is considered the benchmark index of the Indian stock market.. | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +1☑️IPO ,SEBI
▪️What is an IPO?
✔️It is the process by which a privately held company, or a company owned by the government such as LIC, raises funds by offering shares to the public or to new investors.
✔️Following the IPO, the company is listed on the stock exchange. Stock exchange is an organized market for the sale and purchase of securities such as shares, stocks, and bonds.
✔️A listed company can raise share capital for growth and expansion in the future through a follow-on public offering or FPO.
✔️While coming up with an IPO, the company has to file its offer document with the market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
✔️The offer document contains all relevant information about the company, its promoters, its projects, financial details, the object of raising the money, terms of the issue, etc.
✔️SEBI is a statutory body established in 1992 in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
 +1☑️Bihar's Son River | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
☑️What is the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)?
IOD or Indian Nino:
✔️IOD, sometimes referred to as the Indian Nino, is similar to the El Nino phenomenon, occurring in the relatively smaller area of the Indian Ocean between the Indonesian and Malaysian coastline in the east and the African coastline near Somalia in the west.
✔️The El Nino is the warmer-than-normal phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, during which there are generally warmer temperatures and less rainfall than normal in many regions of the world, including India.
✔️One side of the ocean, along the equator, gets warmer than the other.
✔️IOD is said to be positive when the western side of the Indian Ocean, near the Somalia coast, becomes warmer than the eastern Indian Ocean.
It is negative when the western Indian Ocean is cooler.
▪️Mechanism:
🔹Negative IOD:
✔️The air circulation in the Indian Ocean basin moves from west to east, that is from the African coast towards the Indonesian islands, near the surface, and in the opposite direction at the upper levels. That means the surface waters in the Indian Ocean get pushed from west to east.
In a normal year, warmer waters in the western Pacific near Indonesia cross over into the Indian Ocean and make that part of the Indian Ocean slightly warmer. That causes the air to rise and helps the prevailing air circulation.
In the years when the air circulation becomes stronger, more warm surface waters from the African coast are pushed towards the Indonesian islands, making that region warmer than usual. This causes hotter air to rise, and the cycle reinforces itself.
This is the state of negative IOD.
🔹Positive IOD:
✔️Air circulation becomes slightly weaker than normal. In some rare cases, the air circulation even reverses direction. The consequence is that the African coast becomes warmer while the Indonesian coastline gets cooler.
A positive IOD event is often seen developing at times of an El Nino, while a negative IOD is sometimes associated with La Nina.
During El Nino, the Pacific side of Indonesia is cooler than normal because of which the Indian Ocean side also gets cooler. That helps the development of a positive IOD. | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
☑️What is El Nino?
✔️El Nino was first recognized by Peruvian fishermen off the coast of Peru as the appearance of unusually warm water.
✔️The Spanish immigrants called it El Nino, meaning “the little boy” in Spanish.
✔️The El Nino is the warmer-than-normal phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, during which there are generally warmer temperatures and less rainfall than normal in many regions of the world, including India.
✔️During an El Nino event, the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean off the northern coast of South America became at least 0.5 degrees Celsius warmer than the long-term average.
✔️In the case of a strong El Nino event as occurred in 2015-2016, anomalies can reach as high as 3°C, which is a record.
✔️The El Nino event is not a regular cycle, they are not predictable and occur irregularly at two- to seven-year intervals.
✔️Climatologists determined that El Nino occurs simultaneously with the Southern Oscillation.
✔️The Southern Oscillation is a change in air pressure over the tropical Pacific Ocean. | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Loading... | |
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